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Perspectives on Solar Energy, Mining and Agro-Food in Chile
Chapter 3 Transforming industries: Perspectives on solar energy, mining and agro-food in Chile The shifting global geopolitical and technological landscape coupled with changes in consumers’ preferences is opening up a window of opportunity for Chile. The country could transform its economy, enlarge its knowledge base and increase productivity by leveraging on its natural assets in new, more innovative ways. However, the world is moving fast and opportunities will not be permanently available. To tap into them, a strategic approach and a shared vision between government, business and society is needed. Chile has started to do so through strategic initiatives that identify future opportunities and clarify gaps to be addressed. This chapter presents the Chilean experience in solar energy, mining and agro-food; in each case it presents a snapshot of key trends and future scenarios, developed through multi-stakeholder consultations, it describes the current policy approach and it identifies reforms to move forward. PRODUCTION TRANSFORMATION POLICY REVIEW OF CHILE: REAPING THE BENEFITS OF NEW FRONTIERS © OECD AND UNITED NATIONS 2018 103 3. Transforming industries: Perspectives on solar energy, mining and agrO-food in Chile Unleashing the potential of solar energy in Chile This section presents a snapshot of the rise of solar energy in the country and summarises the results of public-private consultations on the opportunities presented by solar for Chile. It describes the current policy approach and it identifies reforms to move forward. Solar energy is gaining ground in Chile Solar energy is becoming globally competitive thanks to falling prices. Investment in the development of renewable energies globally is surpassing investment in fossil fuel technologies (OECD, 2018; IEA, 2016). -
Case “Triangel” Retreat in Haukipudas
FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY Application of Innovative Energy Solutions for a Hotel Complex in Northern Finland: Case “Triangel” retreat in Haukipudas Alec Svoboda Supervisors: D.Sc.(Tech.) Arja Sarpola Professor Eva Pongrácz, Docent, D.Sc.(Tech.) Ph.D, M.Sc. (Tech.) Antonio Caló Environmental Engineering Master’s Thesis October 2018 2 ABSTRACT FOR THESIS University of Oulu Faculty of Technology Degree Programme (Bachelor's Thesis, Master’s Thesis) Major Subject (Licentiate Thesis) Environmental Engineering Author Thesis Supervisor Svoboda, Alec Sarpola A, D.Sc. (Tech) Title of Thesis , Application of Innovative Energy Solutions for a Hotel Complex in Northern Finland: Case “Triangel” retreat in Haukipudas Major Subject Type of Thesis SubmissionDocent, Date Number of Pages Environmental Engineering Master’s thesis November 2018 88 D.Sc. ( Abstract With new legislation being passed within the EU to help reach the 2050 emissions goals, new innovative methods are being researched and implemented in different countries andT regions. To obtain the goals outlined in Finland, various renewable energy technologies are being implemented throughout the country. This thesis was completed within the FREED project, whose goal is to make these innovative energy solutions accessible to more regions. One specific technology used in this project and expected to increase in the future is solar photovoltaics (PV). ech.) This work focuses on the Triangel retreat, a hotel complex planned for the shore of Hämeenjärvi lake just north of Oulu, Finland in Haukipudas. The retreat aims for the concept of a “silence” retreat where guests can relax in nature while enjoying the typical amenities of a normal hotel complex. To fit this model while also helping reach the 2050 emissions goal, unobtrusive renewable energy sources are planned for use. -
Solar Thermal Energy an Industry Report
Solar Thermal Energy an Industry Report . Solar Thermal Technology on an Industrial Scale The Sun is Our Source Our sun produces 400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 watts of energy every second and the belief is that it will last for another 5 billion years. The United States An eSolar project in California. reached peak oil production in 1970, and there is no telling when global oil production will peak, but it is accepted that when it is gone the party is over. The sun, however, is the most reliable and abundant source of energy. This site will keep an updated log of new improvements to solar thermal and lists of projects currently planned or under construction. Please email us your comments at: [email protected] Abengoa’s PS10 project in Seville, Spain. Companies featured in this report: The Acciona Nevada Solar One plant. Solar Thermal Energy an Industry Report . Solar Thermal vs. Photovoltaic It is important to understand that solar thermal technology is not the same as solar panel, or photovoltaic, technology. Solar thermal electric energy generation concentrates the light from the sun to create heat, and that heat is used to run a heat engine, which turns a generator to make electricity. The working fluid that is heated by the concentrated sunlight can be a liquid or a gas. Different working fluids include water, oil, salts, air, nitrogen, helium, etc. Different engine types include steam engines, gas turbines, Stirling engines, etc. All of these engines can be quite efficient, often between 30% and 40%, and are capable of producing 10’s to 100’s of megawatts of power. -
CSP Technologies
CSP Technologies Solar Solar Power Generation Radiation fuel Concentrating the solar radiation in Concentrating Absorbing Storage Generation high magnification and using this thermal energy for power generation Absorbing/ fuel Reaction Features of Each Types of Solar Power PTC Type CRS Type Dish type 1Axis Sun tracking controller 2 Axis Sun tracking controller 2 Axis Sun tracking controller Concentrating rate : 30 ~ 100, ~400 oC Concentrating rate: 500 ~ 1,000, Concentrating rate: 1,000 ~ 10,000 ~1,500 oC Parabolic Trough Concentrator Parabolic Dish Concentrator Central Receiver System CSP Technologies PTC CRS Dish commercialized in large scale various types (from 1 to 20MW ) Stirling type in ~25kW size (more than 50MW ) developing the technology, partially completing the development technology development is already commercialized efficiency ~30% reached proper level, diffusion level efficiency ~16% efficiency ~12% CSP Test Facilities Worldwide Parabolic Trough Concentrator In 1994, the first research on high temperature solar technology started PTC technology for steam generation and solar detoxification Parabolic reflector and solar tracking system were developed <The First PTC System Installed in KIER(left) and Second PTC developed by KIER(right)> Dish Concentrator 1st Prototype: 15 circular mirror facets/ 2.2m focal length/ 11.7㎡ reflection area 2nd Prototype: 8.2m diameter/ 4.8m focal length/ 36㎡ reflection area <The First(left) and Second(right) KIER’s Prototype Dish Concentrator> Dish Concentrator Two demonstration projects for 10kW dish-stirling solar power system Increased reflection area(9m dia. 42㎡) and newly designed mirror facets Running with Solo V161 Stirling engine, 19.2% efficiency (solar to electricity) <KIER’s 10kW Dish-Stirling System in Jinhae City> Dish Concentrator 25 20 15 (%) 10 발전 효율 5 Peak. -
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transitions for Countries with Different Climates and Renewable Energy Sources Potentials
energies Article Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transitions for Countries with Different Climates and Renewable Energy Sources Potentials Haichao Wang 1,2, Giulia Di Pietro 3, Xiaozhou Wu 1,*, Risto Lahdelma 2, Vittorio Verda 3 and Ilkka Haavisto 4 1 Institute of Building Environment and Facility Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; [email protected] or haichao.wang@aalto.fi 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University School of Engineering, P.O. BOX 14100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; risto.lahdelma@aalto.fi 3 Dipartimento Energia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 2, 10129 Torino, Italy; [email protected] (G.D.P.); [email protected] (V.V.) 4 Condens Heat Recovery Oy, Puhelinkatu 12, 13110 Hämeenlinna, Finland; ilkka.haavisto@condens.fi * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 September 2018; Accepted: 10 December 2018; Published: 18 December 2018 Abstract: Renewable energy sources (RES) are playing an increasingly important role in energy markets around the world. It is necessary to evaluate the benefits from a higher level of RES integration with respect to a more active cross-border transmission system. In particular, this paper focuses on the sustainable energy transitions for Finland and Italy, since they have two extreme climate conditions in Europe and quite different profiles in terms of energy production and demand. We developed a comprehensive energy system model using EnergyPLAN with hourly resolution for a reference year for both countries. The models include electricity, heat and transportation sectors. According to the current base models, new scenarios reflecting an RES increase in total fuel consumption have been proposed. -
Comparative Analysis and Design of a Solar-Based Parabolic Trough–ORC Cogeneration Plant for a Commercial Center
energies Article Comparative Analysis and Design of a Solar-Based Parabolic Trough–ORC Cogeneration Plant for a Commercial Center Eduardo A. Pina , Luis M. Serra * , Miguel A. Lozano , Adrián Hernández and Ana Lázaro Group of Thermal Engineering and Energy Systems (GITSE) of Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle María de Luna sn, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; [email protected] (E.A.P.); [email protected] (M.A.L.); [email protected] (A.H.); [email protected] (A.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-976-761913 Received: 24 August 2020; Accepted: 10 September 2020; Published: 14 September 2020 Abstract: This paper performs technical, economic and environmental feasibility analyses of two different solar cogeneration plants, consisting of a solar system (a parabolic trough collector field coupled with thermal energy storage), an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), and mechanical chillers, that should cover the electrical and cooling demands of a commercial center located in Zaragoza (Spain). System A is hybridized with an auxiliary biomass boiler that complements the solar system’s thermal production, providing a constant heat supply to the ORC, which operates at full load during the operating hours of the solar system. In contrast, system B is not hybridized with biomass, so the ORC is fully driven by the solar system, operating at partial load according to the solar resource availability. Both systems are connected to the electrical grid, allowing electricity purchases and sales when needed. The design procedure involves the sizing of the equipment as well as the modelling of the hourly behavior of each system throughout the year. -
Network Development Plan 2016 – 2025
NOVEMBER 2015 NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2016 – 2025 A Ten-Year Plan for the Swedish National Grid. SVENSKA KRAFTNÄT Our society is dependent on electricity. Svenska kraftnät is responsible for ensuring that Sweden has a safe, environmentally sound and cost-effective transmission system for electricity – today and in the future. We achieve this in the short term by monitoring the electrical system around the clock, and in the long term by building new power lines to meet tomorrow’s electricity needs. Cover photo Tomas Ärlemo Org. Nr 202100-4284 SVENSKA KRAFTNÄT Box 1200 172 24 Sundbyberg Sweden Sturegatan 1 Tel +46 10-475 80 00 Fax +46 10-475 89 50 www.svk.se/en PREFACE The board of Svenska kraftnät decided in April 2013 on a long-term plan document for the development of the Swedish National Grid. Long-term plan 2025 described the challenges for Svenska kraftnät in the 10 to 15 years term. The purpose was, among other things, to increase the transparency of Svenska kraftnät’s planning and to provide an opportunity for the various stakeholders in the electricity market to influence it. Until then, the national network planning mainly consisted of the three-year investment and financing plans that Svenska kraftnät annually provide to the Government. These plans are, however, primarily a description of how investments already decided are expected to turn out over the next three financial years. They do not give an account of the Administration’s long-term priorities and the grounds for them. A certain network planning is conducted also at Nordic level in order to identify grid reinforcements with specific benefit for the whole of the Nordic electricity market. -
Water Scenarios Modelling for Renewable Energy Development in Southern Morocco
ISSN 1848-9257 Journal of Sustainable Development Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water of Energy, Water and Environment Systems and Environment Systems http://www.sdewes.org/jsdewes http://www.s!ewes or"/js!ewes Year 2021, Volume 9, Issue 1, 1080335 Water Scenarios Modelling for Renewable Energy Development in Southern Morocco Sibel R. Ersoy*1, Julia Terrapon-Pfaff 2, Lars Ribbe3, Ahmed Alami Merrouni4 1Division Future Energy and Industry Systems, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Döppersberg 19, 42103 Wuppertal, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2Division Future Energy and Industry Systems, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Döppersberg 19, 42103 Wuppertal, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 3Institute for Technology and Resources Management, Technical University of Cologne, Betzdorferstraße 2, 50679 Köln, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 4Materials Science, New Energies & Applications Research Group, Department of Physics, University Mohammed First, Mohammed V Avenue, P.O. Box 524, 6000 Oujda, Morocco Institut de Recherche en Energie Solaire et Energies Nouvelles – IRESEN, Green Energy Park, Km 2 Route Régionale R206, Benguerir, Morocco e-mail: [email protected] Cite as: Ersoy, S. R., Terrapon-Pfaff, J., Ribbe, L., Alami Merrouni, A., Water Scenarios Modelling for Renewable Energy Development in Southern Morocco, J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst., 9(1), 1080335, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d8.0335 ABSTRACT Water and energy are two pivotal areas for future sustainable development, with complex linkages existing between the two sectors. These linkages require special attention in the context of the energy transition. -
Trade Remedies, Targeting the Renewable Energy Sector
Green Economy and Trade. Ad hoc Expert Group 2: Trade Remedies in Green Sectors: the Case of Renewables 3−4 April 2014 Salle XXVI, Palais des Nations Geneva Trade Remedies Targeting the Renewable Energy Sector Report by 1 Cathleen Cimino & Gary Hufbauer 1 Cathleen Cimino is a Research Analyst at the Peterson Institute for International Economics and Gary Hufbauer is the Reginald Jones Senior Fellow. The views expressed are their own. Table of Contents I. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3 Clash between trade remedies and environmental goals ....................................................... 3 Outline of the report ............................................................................................................ 4 II. Overview of trade remedies ...................................................................................................... 5 III. Trade in renewable energy products affected by AD/CVD cases ............................................... 8 Methodology for the trade remedy survey ............................................................................ 9 Findings from the surveyt .................................................................................................. 10 IV. Renewable energy costs .......................................................................................................... 17 V. WTO disputes relating to renewable energy ........................................................................... -
The Economics of Solar Power
The Economics of Solar Power Solar Roundtable Kansas Corporation Commission March 3, 2009 Peter Lorenz President Quanta Renewable Energy Services SOLAR POWER - BREAKTHROUGH OR NICHE OPPORTUNITY? MW capacity additions per year CAGR +82% 2000-08 Percent 5,600-6,000 40 RoW US 40 +43% Japan 10 +35% 2,826 Spain 55 1,744 1,460 1,086 598 Germany 137 241 372 427 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 2008E Demand driven by attractive economics • Strong regulatory support • Increasing power prices • Decreasing solar system prices • Good availability of capital Source: McKinsey demand model; Solarbuzz 1 WE HAVE SEEN SOME INTERESTING CHANGES IN THE U.S. RECENTLY 2 TODAY’S DISCUSSION • Solar technologies and their evolution • Demand growth outlook • Perspectives on solar following the economic crisis 3 TWO KEY SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES EXIST Photovoltaics (PV) Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Key • Uses light-absorbing material to • Uses mirrors to generate steam characteristics generate current which powers turbine • High modularity (1 kW - 50 MW) • Low modularity (20 - 300 MW) • Uses direct and indirect sunlight – • Only uses direct sunlight – specific suitable for almost all locations site requirements • Incentives widely available • Incentives limited to few countries • Mainly used as distributed power, • Central power only limited by some incentives encourage large adequate locations and solar farms transmission access ~ 10 Global capacity ~ 0.5 GW, 2007 Source: McKinsey analysis; EPIA; MarketBuzz 4 THESE HAVE SEVERAL SUB-TECHNOLOGIES Key technologies Sub technologiesDescription -
Recent Developments in Heat Transfer Fluids Used for Solar
enewa f R bl o e ls E a n t e n r e g Journal of y m a a n d d n u A Srivastva et al., J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl 2015, 5:6 F p f p Fundamentals of Renewable Energy o l i l ISSN: 2090-4541c a a n t r i DOI: 10.4172/2090-4541.1000189 o u n o s J and Applications Review Article Open Access Recent Developments in Heat Transfer Fluids Used for Solar Thermal Energy Applications Umish Srivastva1*, RK Malhotra2 and SC Kaushik3 1Indian Oil Corporation Limited, RandD Centre, Faridabad, Haryana, India 2MREI, Faridabad, Haryana, India 3Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India Abstract Solar thermal collectors are emerging as a prime mode of harnessing the solar radiations for generation of alternate energy. Heat transfer fluids (HTFs) are employed for transferring and utilizing the solar heat collected via solar thermal energy collectors. Solar thermal collectors are commonly categorized into low temperature collectors, medium temperature collectors and high temperature collectors. Low temperature solar collectors use phase changing refrigerants and water as heat transfer fluids. Degrading water quality in certain geographic locations and high freezing point is hampering its suitability and hence use of water-glycol mixtures as well as water-based nano fluids are gaining momentum in low temperature solar collector applications. Hydrocarbons like propane, pentane and butane are also used as refrigerants in many cases. HTFs used in medium temperature solar collectors include water, water- glycol mixtures – the emerging “green glycol” i.e., trimethylene glycol and also a whole range of naturally occurring hydrocarbon oils in various compositions such as aromatic oils, naphthenic oils and paraffinic oils in their increasing order of operating temperatures. -
Concentrated Solar Power Plants
ECE 333 – GREEN ELECTRIC ENERGY 17. Concentrated Solar Power Plants George Gross Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ECE 333 © 2002 – 2018 George Gross, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved. 1 CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP) Many conventional power plants use heat to boil water to produce high–pressure steam, which expands through the turbine to spin the generator rotor and results in the production of electricity CSP technology extracts the heat from the solar irradiation and its operation resembles the steam generation plants that burn fossil fuels or use uranium to produce electricity ECE 333 © 2002 – 2018 George Gross, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved. 2 Page 1 REVIEW OF INSOLATION COMPONENTS reflected radiation diffused radiation direct beam radiation http://www.inforse.org/europe/dieret/Solar/solar.html Source: ECE 333 © 2002 – 2018 George Gross, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved. 3 CSP PV technology is able to collect all the 3 insolation components for electricity production Unlike PV, CSP can concentrate only the direct beam radiation – also referred to as direct normal irradiation (DNI) – to generate electricity ECE 333 © 2002 – 2018 George Gross, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved. 4 Page 2 CSP Specifically, CSP plant uses mirrors with tracking systems to focus DNI to collect the solar energy The solar energy is used to heat up the heat transfer fluid (HTF) and to convert HTF into thermal energy Subsequently, the absorbed thermal energy is utilized to generate steam which drives a steam turbine to produce electricity Some CSP plants incorporate thermal storage devices ECE 333 © 2002 – 2018 George Gross, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved.