CSP Technologies
Solar Solar Power Generation Radiation fuel
Concentrating the solar radiation in Concentrating Absorbing Storage Generation high magnification and using this thermal energy for power generation Absorbing/ fuel Reaction Features of Each Types of Solar Power
PTC Type CRS Type Dish type
1Axis Sun tracking controller 2 Axis Sun tracking controller 2 Axis Sun tracking controller Concentrating rate : 30 ~ 100, ~400 oC Concentrating rate: 500 ~ 1,000, Concentrating rate: 1,000 ~ 10,000 ~1,500 oC Parabolic Trough Concentrator Parabolic Dish Concentrator Central Receiver System CSP Technologies
PTC CRS Dish
commercialized in large scale various types (from 1 to 20MW ) Stirling type in ~25kW size (more than 50MW ) developing the technology, partially completing the development technology development is already commercialized efficiency ~30% reached proper level, diffusion level efficiency ~16% efficiency ~12%
CSP Test Facilities Worldwide Parabolic Trough Concentrator
In 1994, the first research on high temperature solar technology started PTC technology for steam generation and solar detoxification Parabolic reflector and solar tracking system were developed
Dish Concentrator
1st Prototype: 15 circular mirror facets/ 2.2m focal length/ 11.7㎡ reflection area 2nd Prototype: 8.2m diameter/ 4.8m focal length/ 36㎡ reflection area
Two demonstration projects for 10kW dish-stirling solar power system Increased reflection area(9m dia. 42㎡) and newly designed mirror facets Running with Solo V161 Stirling engine, 19.2% efficiency (solar to electricity)
Dish Concentrator
25
20
15 (%)
10 발전 효율
5 Peak. Eff. ~ 22% (Solar to Electricity)
0 <2009, Daejeon> 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 법선면 직달일사량 (W/㎡)
Reflection Area: 40m2 Diameter 9m Focal length 5m 1mm Silver Coated Mirror Glued on Pressed Al 10kW Max Solo V161 Stirling Engine with H2 <2007, Jeju> Hybrid Power Generation
Solar/NG hybrid power generation by chemical reaction (solar portion 10kW) Methane solar reforming and Syngas combustion in gas turbine
1MW Power Tower (Korea-China)
1MW solar tower system construction in Beijing Korea-China collaborative project - Concentration: Heliostat – Power Tower - Power Generation: Steam Turbine - Storage: High-temp thermal storage
Schematic of Power Tower Project and Role Sharing (Korean party is responsible for the development of colored units ) 1MW Power Tower (Korea-China)
KIER Receiver
25 riser tubes, lower & higher headers, downcomer, and drum Superheater outlet steam condition: 28 bar, 400 ℃, 6 ton/hr Receiver size: 6.1× 11.2 m (Aperture Area: 5.0 × 5.0 m)
drum
header-riser connection
superheater KIER receiver
1MW Power Tower (Korea-China) 10kW Stirling Engine
10 kW stirling engine / receiver development Scroll type engine with CO2 (60 bar, 700 oC)
6 Cooler Recuperator 1 5 Heater Q cooler 34 2 Qheater
Scroll Scroll Compressor Expander Gen ( 1<= n =< k ) c ( 1<= ne =< k ) Wexp Wcomp Wnet
Qexp Qcomp
TL TH Schematic of scroll striling engine PCHE / Multi-channel receiver
Simulation of circular receiver for stirling engine (Fluent) 5 & 6 channel receiver
200kW Solar Power Tower
Air receiver + steam turbine Heliostat area : 4 m2 Heliostat number : 450 200kW Solar Power Tower
Air receiver experiment
Air receiver with ceramic
900.0 800.0 700.0 직달일사량 Max - 600.0 (W/㎡) Label Min Max Avg Stdev 500.0 Min 흡수기air 400.0 평균온도(℃) <200. 300.0 흡수기리싸이클 Image 1050.1 *850.1 200.0 평균온도(℃) 0 흡수기평균 100.0 온도(℃) 0.0 LI01 *298.7 1037.9 739.1 *839.9 188.6 흡수기 최고온도(℃) AR01 *207.9 1050.1 842.3 *833.6 165 9:50:16 10:04:26 10:18:36 10:32:46 10:46:56 11:01:06 11:15:16 11:29:26 11:43:36 11:57:46 12:11:56 12:26:06 12:40:16 12:54:27 13:08:36 13:22:46 13:36:57 13:51:06 14:05:17 14:19:26 14:33:36 14:47:46 15:01:56 15:16:06 15:30:16
Air receiver surface temperature Air receiver outlet air temperature
200kW Solar Power Tower
Heliostat
Low Cost Product (3rd Prototype)
Size : 4m² (2×2m²)
Quantity : 450 EA
Total Heliostat Area : 1,800m²
Expected Solar Radiation : 1,530kWth 200kW Solar Power Tower
Thermal storage
Chemical characteristics(Al2O3)
Installed inside Tower(on 7th floor)
200kW Solar Power Tower
Heliostat Field Design
Height of Center of Receiver : 45m Rmin = 1.0 x (Height of Center of Receiver) Heliostat Dimension : 2.02 x 2.02 x 1.5 m 200kW Solar Power Tower
Heliostat Field Design
Demonstration of 10kW Dish
government (80%) support business 10kW dish developed by KIER 3 units installed and operating with grid connection(2 units) trying to reduce the unit cost
ULSAN KYUNGSAN CHILGOK DIC Co., Ltd Wooshin Co., Ltd Youngjin Univ. Nano Coating Reflector(ongoing)
Quality control of nano coating reflector
Reflectance (%Re) : >95% Material Type : 4T Low Iron glass Nano Coating Machine for 1.7ⅹ1.6㎡[1st Mass Coating thickness average : 100~120nm Production] Coating uniformity : <3.5nm Durability
100
99
98
97 Max. 95.2% reflectivity of 96 95 the nano coating reflector 94 93 Commercial Reflector 92 CMS-1(95.11%Re)
- Reflectivity of other Reflectance(%) 91 CMS-2(95.14%Re) CMS-3(95.21%Re) 90 CMS-4(95.30%Re) commercial reflectors is in 89 CMS-5(95.19%Re) 88 CMS-6(95.35%Re) CMS-7(95.19%Re) 87 the range of 92~93 CMS-8(95.24%Re) 86 CMS-9(95.18%Re) 85 280 530 780 1030 1280 1530 1780 2030 2280 Wavelength(nm) NANOCMS Glass Reflector 95.2 %Re Vs Commercial reflector : 92~93%Re
AMTEC-Dish(ongoing)
Parabolic dish
Receiver
AMTEC: Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Convertor
AMTEC Stirling Engine →AMTEC
High efficiency: around 20 % High density: max 0.5 kW/kg Operating temperature: 900~1300K
AMTEC Cell : β”-alumina , 100W Heat pipe : 765℃ @ 250W, 790℃ @ 350W KIER 10 kW Dish/Stirling system Dish Concentrator(Inha Univ.)
Array of mirrors
Performance comparison with Perfect mirror
Perfect mirror (case I)
Receiver shape
Conical Type Dome Type Rectangular Type (Receiver I ) (Receiver II) (Receiver III)
Dish Concentrator(Inha Univ.)
I II
III IV
V VI Dish Concentrator(Inha Univ.)
P optical _ efficiency a Pmirror Perfect mirror, (case I) P P receiver _ efficiency a loss Conical Type Receiver Pa
Comparisons of the optical efficiency of Comparisons of the receiver efficiency with dish solar collector with mirror arrays mirror arrays and receiver shapes
Dish Concentrator(Inha Univ.)
Specification Size
From ground to center 1.83 m
Maximum height 4.11 m
Reflectivity of reflector Above 95%
Diameter of reflector 3.2 m
Focal length 2 m
Total area of reflectors 5.90㎡
Quartz glass & Porous metal
Receiver shape
Receiver drawing
Renewable Energy Resource(China)
种类 资源可开发量 Typical Available Amount
Solar 1700 Billion Tcoe
Wind >1 billion kW
Hydro 0.54 Billion kW Biomass 0.46 Billion Tcoe
Geothermal 3.3 billion Tcoe Renewable Energy Resource(China)
Renewable Energy Resource(China) Renewable Energy Resource(China)
吸热器表面能量分布计算值 光斑中心变化实测值
Flux on the absorber
Renewable Energy Resource(China) CSP Researches in China
1991-1995, the 8th five-year plan Solar parabolic trough concentrator and tube absorber
2001-2005, the 10th five-year plan Project 1: dish/Stirling power generation system (1.54 million) Project 2: theoretical research on hydrogen production by thermal decomposition( 0.35 million) Project 3: multi-energy system suitable for the west region of China (2 million) Project 4: key technology research on solar tower system (1million) Project 5: 70kW solar tower with air receiver (local government)
2006-2010, the 11th five-year plan Project 1: CSP technology R&D and engineering demonstration (78.97million) Project 2: solar high temperature air receiver ( 4million) Project 3: integrative utilization of solar thermal and photovoltaic technology (4million) Project 4: high temperature solar absorber receiver under non-vacuum condition( 4million) Project 5: thermo-acoustic Stirling power generation system ( 0.7 million) Project 6: solar thermal power generation with low-boiling point fluid ( 0.7 million) Project 7: vacuum tube absorber used for parabolic trough ( 0.7 million) Project 8: molten salt storage technology (0.7 million) Project 9: concrete storage technology ( 0.7 million)
Solar power tower
IEECAS SUPCON
Delingha 50MW tower plant (phase I ) 10MW , 1MWe，IEECAS, 2012 SUPCON，2013 Parabolic trough
IEECAS DCTC Royal Tech Solar
IEECAS+Himin Lanzhou DaCheng / - Technology CHEC
Parabolic trough
CAMDA Generator Tianruixing GuoDian
1MWth system demo, CAMDA Beijing Tianruixing Vacuum Tec 180kW , GuoDian Xinjiang Pow Generator, under construction hnology, 2012 er , Turpan, XinJiang province Dish concentrator
XI'AN AERO‐ENGINE PLC Sanhua Cleanergy
Sanhua XI'AN AERO-ENGINE PLC (stock code:002050) Cleanergy + Huayuan Aeolian S (Stock code: 600893) and Development Ltd., 2012 HelioFocus （30%）
Linear Fresnel
Himin Solar CGN Huaneng
1.6MWt, testing loop under China Huaneng Group, 1.5MWt - construction (400kW), ISCC New interest in project development
China Datang Corporation Renewable Power Co.Ltd ：50MW Location：Bala Gong town, Hangjinqi, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Status: (construction phase) survey and design tendering, system scheme optimization FiT: 0.9399￥/kWh（11cents euro/kWh)
CHEC ：50MW Location：Hongliuwa，Jinta, Jiuquan, Gansu Province Status: feasibility study was approved by China China Communication Planning and De sign Institute for Waterway Transportation , low-interest (2.1%)loan from ADB FiT: undefined (1.15￥/kWh)
China Guangdong Nuclear Power：50MW Location：Delingha city, Qinghai Province Status: feasibility study，low-interest loan from ADB (Composite Interest Rate of 3%) FiT: undefined (1.38￥/kWh)
New interest in project development
Hanas ：92.5MW Location：Honggeda village, Yanchi County, Ningxia Province Status: pre-feasibility study by North China Power Engineering Co Ltd (ISCC- trough/gas) FiT: undefined Shouhang & SunCan’s plan
To invest 100 MWe CSP tower plants in western China, the first 10 MWe molten salt tower wit h 24 hours’ operation will be finished before mid 2015…
Shouhang invested 2 million Euro to buy a power engineering company in Shanghai for CSP EPC
SunCan’s 100 MWe tower site in Dunhuang distance from airport:30km
Shouhang & SunCan’s plan CSP Facilities Worldwide
The IEA CSP Roadmap to 2050
CSP deployment
• The IEA’s technology roadmap for CSP, the BLUE Map scenario of ETP 2008, and the advanced and moderate scenarios of Global CSP Outlook 2009, produced by SolarPACES, ESTELA and Greenpeace.
• The IEA’s technology roadmap for CSP : Electricity from CSP plants as shares of total electricity consumption. CSP Technologies
High-Voltage Direct-Current(HVDC) lines
•Vision of possible High-Voltage Direct- Current(HVDC) lines linking the Southwest to the rest of the United States.
CSP Technologies
The DESERTEC concept applied to EU-MENA Region
CSP projects: • Currently about 10 GW under preparation worldwide • IEA Scenario: 10 – 20 GW/year 2010-50 • DESERTEC: 15% EU Electricity demand 2050 from North Africa Deployment beyond 2030:Power and Fuels
•Production and consumption of CSP electricity by 2050 (in TWh)
•Roadmap vision of hydrogen production
Milestones for technology improvements
Milestones for technology improvements Dates 1 Demonstrate direct steam generation (DSG) in parabolic trough plants 2015 - 2020 2 Large-scale solar tower with molten salts as heat transfer fluids and storage 2010 - 2015 3 Mass-product parabolic dishes with Stirling engines 2010 - 2015 4 Demonstrate three-step thermal storage for DSG solar plants 2015 - 2020 5 Demonstrate solar tower with supercritical steam cycle 2020 - 2030 6 Demonstrate solar tower with air receiver and gas turbine 2020 - 2030 Concentrating Solar Power Projects Parabolic Trough Projects
CSP Facilities Worldwide
Project name Country Turbine capacity Status Start year Abhijeet Solar Project India Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2013
Agua Prieta II Mexico Net: 12.0 MW Under construction 2014
Airlight Energy Ait Baha Plant Morocco Net: 3.0 MW Under construction 2013 Andasol-1 (AS-1) Spain Net: 49.9 MW Operational 2008 Andasol-2 (AS-2) Spain Net: 49.9 MW Operational 2009 Andasol-3 (AS-3) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2011 Archimede Italy Net: 4.72 MW Operational 2010 Arcosol 50 (Valle 1) Spain Net: 49.9 MW Operational 2011 Arenales Spain Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2013 Ashalim 2 Israel Net: 110.0 MW Under development 2017 Aste 1A Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 Aste 1B Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 Astexol II Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 Bokpoort South Africa Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2015 Borges Termosolar Spain Net: 22.5 MW Operational 2012 Helios I (Helios I) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 Helios II (Helios II) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 Holaniku at Keahole Point United States Net: 2.0 MW Operational 2009 Ibersol Ciudad Real (Puertollano) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2009 ISCC Ain Beni Mathar Morocco Net: 20.0 MW Operational 2010 ISCC Hassi R’mel Algeria Net: 25.0 MW Operational 2011 ISCC Kuraymat Egypt Net: 20.0 MW Operational 2011 CSP Facilities Worldwide
Project name Country Turbine capacity Status Start year KaXu Solar One South Africa Net: 100.0 MW Under construction 2015 KVK Energy Solar Project India Net: 100.0 MW Under construction 2013 La Africana Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 La Dehesa Spain Net: 49.9 MW Operational 2011 La Florida Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2010 La Risca (Alvarado I) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2009 Lebrija 1 (LE-1) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2011 Majadas I Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2010 Caceres Spain Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2013 Casablanca Spain Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2013 City of Medicine Hat ISCC Project Canada Net: 1.1 MW Under construction 2014 Colorado Integrated Solar Project United States Net: 2.0 MW Non-Operational 2010 Diwakar India Net: 100.0 MW Under construction 2013 Enerstar (Villena) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2013 Extresol-1 (EX-1) Spain Gross: 50.0 MW Operational 2010 Extresol-2 (EX-2) Spain Net: 49.9 MW Operational 2010 Extresol-3 (EX-3) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 Genesis Solar Energy Project United States Net: 250.0 MW Under construction 2014
Godawari Solar Project India Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2013
Gujarat Solar One India Net: 25.0 MW Under construction 2013
Guzmán Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012
Helioenergy 1 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2011
CSP Facilities Worldwide
Project name Country Turbine capacity Status Start year Helioenergy 2 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012
Manchasol-1 (MS-1) Spain Net: 49.9 MW Operational 2011
Manchasol-2 (MS-2) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2011 Martin Next Generation Solar United States Net: 75.0 MW Operational 2010 Energy Center (MNGSEC) Megha Solar Plant India Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2013 Mojave Solar Project United States Net: 250.0 MW Under construction 2014 Morón Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 National Solar Thermal Power India Net: 1.0 MW Operational 2012 Facility Nevada Solar One (NSO) United States Net: 72.0 MW Operational 2007 NOOR I Morocco Net: 160.0 MW Under construction 2015 Olivenza I Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 Orellana Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 Palma del Río I Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2011 Palma del Río II Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2010 Pedro de Valdivia Chile Net: 360.0 MW Under construction 2015 Saguaro Power Plant United States Net: 1.0 MW Operational 2006 Shams 1 (Shams 1) UAE Net: 100.0 MW Operational 2013 Solaben 1 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2013 Solaben 2 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 Solaben 3 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 Solaben 6 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2013 CSP Facilities Worldwide
Project name Country Turbine capacity Status Start year Solacor 1 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 Solacor 2 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012 Solana Generating Station United States Net: 250.0 MW Operational 2013 Solar Electric Generating Station I United States Net: 13.8 MW Operational 1984 Solar Electric Generating Station II United States Net: 30.0 MW Operational 1985 Solar Electric Generating Station III United States Net: 30.0 MW Operational 1985 Solar Electric Generating Station IV United States Net: 30.0 MW Operational 1989 Solar Electric Generating Station V United States Net: 30.0 MW Operational 1989 Solar Electric Generating Station VI United States Net: 30.0 MW Operational 1989 Solar Electric Generating Station VII United States Net: 30.0 MW Operational 1989 Solar Electric Generating Station United States Net: 80.0 MW Operational 1989 VIII Solar Electric Generating Station IX United States Net: 80.0 MW Operational 1990 Solnova 1 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2009 Solnova 3 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2009 Solnova 4 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2009 Termesol 50 (Valle 2) Spain Net: 49.9 MW Operational 2011 Termosol 1 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2013
Termosol 2 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2013
Thai Solar Energy 1 (TSE1) Thailand Net: 5.0 MW Operational 2012
Xina Solar One South Africa Net: 100.0 MW Under construction 2016
CSP Projects
Andasol-2 CSP Project
SPAIN andasol-I plant
CSP Project
Extresol-1 CSP Project Solar Electric Generating Station IX (SEGS Projects)
CSP Project
Power Tower Projects CSP Project
Project name Country Turbine capacity Status Start year ACME Solar Tower India Net: 2.5 MW Operational 2011 Ashalim 1 Israel Net: 121.0 MW Under development 2017 Crescent Dunes Solar Energy United states Net: 110.0 MW Under construction 2013 Project (Tonopah) Dahan Power Plant China Net: 1.0 MW Operational 2012 Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant Spain Net: 19.9 MW Operational 2011 (Gemasolar) Ivanpah Solar Electric United States Net: 377.0 MW Under construction 2013 Generating System (ISEGS) Jülich Solar Tower Germany Net: 1.5 MW Operational 2008 Khi Solar One South Africa Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2014 Lake Cargelligo Australia Net: 3.0 MW Operational 2011 Palen Solar Electric United States Net: 500.0 MW Under development 2016 Generating System Planta Solar 10 (PS10) Spain Net: 11.0 MW Operational 2007 Planta Solar 20 (PS20) Spain Net: 20.0 MW Operational 2009 Rice Solar Energy Project United States Gross: 150.0 MW Under development 2016 (RSEP) Sierra SunTower (Sierra) United States Net: 5.0 MW Operational 2009 Supcon Solar Project China Net: 50.0 MW Under construction -
CSP Project
Planta Solar 10(PS 10) CSP Project
Planta Solar 20(PS 20)
CSP Project
SPAIN PS 10/20 CSP Project
Project name Country Turbine capacity Status Start year Alba Nova 1 France Net: 12.0 MW Under construction 2014 Augustin Fresnel 1 France Net: 250.0 kW Operational 2012 Dhursar India Net: 100.0 MW Under construction 2013 eCare Solar Thermal Project Morocco Gross: 1.0 MW Under contract 2014 Kimberlina Solar Thermal United States Net: 5.0 MW Operational 2008 Power Plant (Kimberlina) Kogan Creek Solar Boost Australia Net: 44.0 MW Under construction 2014 (Kogan Creek) Liddell Power Station Australia Net: 9.0 MW Operational 2012 Llo Solar Thermal Project (Llo) France Net: 9.0 MW Under construction 2015 Puerto Errado 1 Thermosolar Spain Gross: 1.4 MW Operational 2009 Power Plant (PE1) Puerto Errado 2 Thermosolar Spain Net: 30.0 MW Operational 2012 Power Plant (PE2)
CSPConcentrating Project Solar Power Projects
Kimberlina Solar Thermal Power Plant CSP Project
Puerto Errado 1 Thermosolar Power Plant
CSP Project Linear Fresnel Reflector Projects and Dish/Engine Projects CSP Project
SPAIN fresnel 30MW
CSPConcentrating Project Solar Power Projects
Imperial Valley-Solar Two SunShot CSP Program
SunShot CSP Program SunShot CSP Program
SunShot CSP Program
25¢ 21¢/kW h 1¢ Receiver/Heat Transfer 20¢ 3¢ 3¢ Po w er Pl an t Thermal Storage 4¢ 15¢ 4¢ So l ar Fi el d 1¢ 5¢ 13¢/kW h 2¢ 10¢ 1¢ 3¢ 6¢/kW h LCOE (2010 ¢/kW h) 5¢ 1¢ 9¢ 2¢ 1¢ 2¢ ¢ 2010 System 2013 System Receiver/Heat Po w er Pl an t Thermal So l ar Fi el d C o st Su n Sh o t G o al Price (Trough + Pr ice (M o lto n Tr ansfer C o st Cost Sto r age C o st Reductions TES) Sal t To w er ) Reductions Reductions Reductions
• 8 ¢/kW h reduction in LCOE (38% ) from 2010 to 2013 • An additional 7 ¢/kW h (54% ) LCOE reduction still necessary to achieve SunShot goals SunShot CSP Program
SunShot CSP Program SunShot CSP Program
Project Solana Ivanpah Genesis Crescent Dunes Mojave
Utility APS SCE + PG&E PG&E NVE PG&E
State Arizona California California Nevada California Size 280 MW 392 MW 250 MW 110 MW 280 MW Technology Trough/Storage Tower Trough Tower/Storage Trough
COD Oct. 2013 Dec. 2013 Nov. 2013 June 2014 Late 2014 DOE Loan $1.45 B $1.63 B $0.85 B $.74 B $1.2 B
Company Abengoa BrightSource NextEra SolarReserve Abengoa
Total CSP under construction: 1,312 MW
March 15, 2013: Abengoa and BrightSource announced a joint venture to build the 500 MW Palen Solar Complex
SunShot CSP Program SunShot CSP Program