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CSP Technologies CSP Technologies Solar Solar Power Generation Radiation fuel Concentrating the solar radiation in Concentrating Absorbing Storage Generation high magnification and using this thermal energy for power generation Absorbing/ fuel Reaction Features of Each Types of Solar Power PTC Type CRS Type Dish type 1Axis Sun tracking controller 2 Axis Sun tracking controller 2 Axis Sun tracking controller Concentrating rate : 30 ~ 100, ~400 oC Concentrating rate: 500 ~ 1,000, Concentrating rate: 1,000 ~ 10,000 ~1,500 oC Parabolic Trough Concentrator Parabolic Dish Concentrator Central Receiver System CSP Technologies PTC CRS Dish commercialized in large scale various types (from 1 to 20MW ) Stirling type in ~25kW size (more than 50MW ) developing the technology, partially completing the development technology development is already commercialized efficiency ~30% reached proper level, diffusion level efficiency ~16% efficiency ~12% CSP Test Facilities Worldwide Parabolic Trough Concentrator In 1994, the first research on high temperature solar technology started PTC technology for steam generation and solar detoxification Parabolic reflector and solar tracking system were developed <The First PTC System Installed in KIER(left) and Second PTC developed by KIER(right)> Dish Concentrator 1st Prototype: 15 circular mirror facets/ 2.2m focal length/ 11.7㎡ reflection area 2nd Prototype: 8.2m diameter/ 4.8m focal length/ 36㎡ reflection area <The First(left) and Second(right) KIER’s Prototype Dish Concentrator> Dish Concentrator Two demonstration projects for 10kW dish-stirling solar power system Increased reflection area(9m dia. 42㎡) and newly designed mirror facets Running with Solo V161 Stirling engine, 19.2% efficiency (solar to electricity) <KIER’s 10kW Dish-Stirling System in Jinhae City> Dish Concentrator 25 20 15 (%) 10 발전 효율 5 Peak. Eff. ~ 22% (Solar to Electricity) 0 <2009, Daejeon> 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 법선면 직달일사량 (W/㎡) Reflection Area: 40m2 Diameter 9m Focal length 5m 1mm Silver Coated Mirror Glued on Pressed Al 10kW Max Solo V161 Stirling Engine with H2 <2007, Jeju> Hybrid Power Generation Solar/NG hybrid power generation by chemical reaction (solar portion 10kW) Methane solar reforming and Syngas combustion in gas turbine <Solar Furnace for Reaction> 1MW Power Tower (Korea-China) 1MW solar tower system construction in Beijing Korea-China collaborative project - Concentration: Heliostat – Power Tower - Power Generation: Steam Turbine - Storage: High-temp thermal storage Schematic of Power Tower Project and Role Sharing (Korean party is responsible for the development of colored units ) 1MW Power Tower (Korea-China) KIER Receiver 25 riser tubes, lower & higher headers, downcomer, and drum Superheater outlet steam condition: 28 bar, 400 ℃, 6 ton/hr Receiver size: 6.1× 11.2 m (Aperture Area: 5.0 × 5.0 m) drum header-riser connection superheater KIER receiver 1MW Power Tower (Korea-China) 10kW Stirling Engine 10 kW stirling engine / receiver development Scroll type engine with CO2 (60 bar, 700 oC) 6 Cooler Recuperator 1 5 Heater Q cooler 34 2 Qheater Scroll Scroll Compressor Expander Gen ( 1<= n =< k ) c ( 1<= ne =< k ) Wexp Wcomp Wnet Qexp Qcomp TL TH Schematic of scroll striling engine PCHE / Multi-channel receiver Simulation of circular receiver for stirling engine (Fluent) 5 & 6 channel receiver 200kW Solar Power Tower Air receiver + steam turbine Heliostat area : 4 m2 Heliostat number : 450 200kW Solar Power Tower Air receiver experiment Air receiver with ceramic 900.0 800.0 700.0 직달일사량 Max - 600.0 (W/㎡) Label Min Max Avg Stdev 500.0 Min 흡수기air 400.0 평균온도(℃) <200. 300.0 흡수기리싸이클 Image 1050.1 *850.1 200.0 평균온도(℃) 0 흡수기평균 100.0 온도(℃) 0.0 LI01 *298.7 1037.9 739.1 *839.9 188.6 흡수기 최고온도(℃) AR01 *207.9 1050.1 842.3 *833.6 165 9:50:16 10:04:26 10:18:36 10:32:46 10:46:56 11:01:06 11:15:16 11:29:26 11:43:36 11:57:46 12:11:56 12:26:06 12:40:16 12:54:27 13:08:36 13:22:46 13:36:57 13:51:06 14:05:17 14:19:26 14:33:36 14:47:46 15:01:56 15:16:06 15:30:16 Air receiver surface temperature Air receiver outlet air temperature 200kW Solar Power Tower Heliostat Low Cost Product (3rd Prototype) Size : 4m² (2×2m²) Quantity : 450 EA Total Heliostat Area : 1,800m² Expected Solar Radiation : 1,530kWth 200kW Solar Power Tower Thermal storage Chemical characteristics(Al2O3) Installed inside Tower(on 7th floor) 200kW Solar Power Tower Heliostat Field Design Height of Center of Receiver : 45m Rmin = 1.0 x (Height of Center of Receiver) Heliostat Dimension : 2.02 x 2.02 x 1.5 m 200kW Solar Power Tower Heliostat Field Design Demonstration of 10kW Dish government (80%) support business 10kW dish developed by KIER 3 units installed and operating with grid connection(2 units) trying to reduce the unit cost ULSAN KYUNGSAN CHILGOK DIC Co., Ltd Wooshin Co., Ltd Youngjin Univ. Nano Coating Reflector(ongoing) Quality control of nano coating reflector Reflectance (%Re) : >95% Material Type : 4T Low Iron glass Nano Coating Machine for 1.7ⅹ1.6㎡[1st Mass Coating thickness average : 100~120nm Production] Coating uniformity : <3.5nm Durability 100 99 98 97 Max. 95.2% reflectivity of 96 95 the nano coating reflector 94 93 Commercial Reflector 92 CMS-1(95.11%Re) - Reflectivity of other Reflectance(%) 91 CMS-2(95.14%Re) CMS-3(95.21%Re) 90 CMS-4(95.30%Re) commercial reflectors is in 89 CMS-5(95.19%Re) 88 CMS-6(95.35%Re) CMS-7(95.19%Re) 87 the range of 92~93 CMS-8(95.24%Re) 86 CMS-9(95.18%Re) 85 280 530 780 1030 1280 1530 1780 2030 2280 Wavelength(nm) NANOCMS Glass Reflector 95.2 %Re Vs Commercial reflector : 92~93%Re AMTEC-Dish(ongoing) Parabolic dish Receiver AMTEC: Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Convertor AMTEC Stirling Engine →AMTEC High efficiency: around 20 % High density: max 0.5 kW/kg Operating temperature: 900~1300K AMTEC Cell : β”-alumina , 100W Heat pipe : 765℃ @ 250W, 790℃ @ 350W KIER 10 kW Dish/Stirling system Dish Concentrator(Inha Univ.) Array of mirrors Performance comparison with Perfect mirror Perfect mirror (case I) Receiver shape Conical Type Dome Type Rectangular Type (Receiver I ) (Receiver II) (Receiver III) Dish Concentrator(Inha Univ.) I II III IV V VI Dish Concentrator(Inha Univ.) P optical _ efficiency a Pmirror Perfect mirror, (case I) P P receiver _ efficiency a loss Conical Type Receiver Pa Comparisons of the optical efficiency of Comparisons of the receiver efficiency with dish solar collector with mirror arrays mirror arrays and receiver shapes Dish Concentrator(Inha Univ.) Specification Size From ground to center 1.83 m Maximum height 4.11 m Reflectivity of reflector Above 95% Diameter of reflector 3.2 m Focal length 2 m Total area of reflectors 5.90㎡ <Songdo, Incheon> Rim angle 43.85˚ Dish Concentrator(Inha Univ.) Quartz glass & Porous metal Receiver shape Receiver drawing Renewable Energy Resource(China) 种类 资源可开发量 Typical Available Amount Solar 1700 Billion Tcoe Wind >1 billion kW Hydro 0.54 Billion kW Biomass 0.46 Billion Tcoe Geothermal 3.3 billion Tcoe Renewable Energy Resource(China) Renewable Energy Resource(China) Renewable Energy Resource(China) 吸热器表面能量分布计算值 光斑中心变化实测值 Flux on the absorber Renewable Energy Resource(China) CSP Researches in China 1991-1995, the 8th five-year plan Solar parabolic trough concentrator and tube absorber 2001-2005, the 10th five-year plan Project 1: dish/Stirling power generation system (1.54 million) Project 2: theoretical research on hydrogen production by thermal decomposition( 0.35 million) Project 3: multi-energy system suitable for the west region of China (2 million) Project 4: key technology research on solar tower system (1million) Project 5: 70kW solar tower with air receiver (local government) 2006-2010, the 11th five-year plan Project 1: CSP technology R&D and engineering demonstration (78.97million) Project 2: solar high temperature air receiver ( 4million) Project 3: integrative utilization of solar thermal and photovoltaic technology (4million) Project 4: high temperature solar absorber receiver under non-vacuum condition( 4million) Project 5: thermo-acoustic Stirling power generation system ( 0.7 million) Project 6: solar thermal power generation with low-boiling point fluid ( 0.7 million) Project 7: vacuum tube absorber used for parabolic trough ( 0.7 million) Project 8: molten salt storage technology (0.7 million) Project 9: concrete storage technology ( 0.7 million) Solar power tower IEECAS SUPCON Delingha 50MW tower plant (phase I ) 10MW , 1MWe，IEECAS, 2012 SUPCON，2013 Parabolic trough IEECAS DCTC Royal Tech Solar IEECAS+Himin Lanzhou DaCheng / - Technology CHEC Parabolic trough CAMDA Generator Tianruixing GuoDian 1MWth system demo, CAMDA Beijing Tianruixing Vacuum Tec 180kW , GuoDian Xinjiang Pow Generator, under construction hnology, 2012 er , Turpan, XinJiang province Dish concentrator XI'AN AERO‐ENGINE PLC Sanhua Cleanergy Sanhua XI'AN AERO-ENGINE PLC (stock code:002050) Cleanergy + Huayuan Aeolian S (Stock code: 600893) and Development Ltd., 2012 HelioFocus （30%） Linear Fresnel Himin Solar CGN Huaneng 1.6MWt, testing loop under China Huaneng Group, 1.5MWt - construction (400kW), ISCC New interest in project development China Datang Corporation Renewable Power Co.Ltd ：50MW Location：Bala Gong town, Hangjinqi, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Status: (construction phase) survey and design tendering, system scheme optimization FiT: 0.9399￥/kWh（11cents euro/kWh) CHEC ：50MW Location：Hongliuwa，Jinta, Jiuquan, Gansu Province Status: feasibility study was approved by China China Communication Planning and De sign Institute for Waterway Transportation , low-interest (2.1%)loan
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