DOCSLIB.ORG

Modelling Malta's Energy System Towards Sustainability

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Modelling Malta's Energy System Towards Sustainability Modelling Malta’s Energy System towards Sustainability A path to EU Guideline Compliance Cost Efficiency and System Stability Sustainable Energy planning and Management Master thesis: Modelling Malta’s Energy System towards Sustainability Project period: 01.02.2014 – 03.06.2014 Supervisor: Associate Professor David Connolly ABSTRACT This project aims at investigating how the Maltese energy system could move towards more sustainability in order to comply with the European targets for 2020, while maintaining system stability and being cost effective. The results in this project point out that sufficient renewable energy source [RES] potential is prevalent on Malta in order to install sufficient RES technology capacity to reach the assigned country’s specific 10 % RES share on final energy consumption within the 2020 EU target guideline. Despite the currently backlogged development of RES technologies in the Maltese energy system and despite severe land utilisation conflicts in relation with the deployment of RES, a first step towards a decarbonisation of the Maltese energy sector is possible and is rather a political issue than a technical or economic problem. The major role for a transformation of Malta’s energy system would lie in the use of solar water heaters and heat pumps, which would have almost no impact in regards of the land consumption issue and on the energy system’s stability. Both options imply positive economic, environmental and system stabilizing effects for Malta’s energy system. The installation of PV technology, which would have the highest theoretic potential among all considered technologies in this project, is strongly restrained through Malta’s geography and its energy system design. However, PV technology is also a viable solution when deployed in bounds according to a limitation of excess energy production. A major improvement for Malta’s energy system would be the introduction of e-mobility, which would have a positive impact on the use of PV panels as well. All the considered measures in this project, the technically maximal deployment of SWHs and HPs as well as a PV share of nearly 30 % within power production would allow increasing the RES share on final energy consumption from the current few percentage points to 20 % in 2030 without causing extra costs or system instability. Circulation: 2 Number of pages: 143 Date of Submission: 03.06.2015 Erik Breuer (20132937) ____________________________________ Eleonora Pilla (20137916) ____________________________________ Preface Although the project refers to a country strictly related to the British world, commas are chosen as decimal mark, while thousands are separated by dots. The energy unit is TWh in output and GJ or TWh in input. Volumes are referred to in cubic meters. Conversions from values in Btu, ktoe and cubic feet are operated. Installed capacity is expressed in MW. All prices in the project are reported in € and when the sources presented values in USD, the conversion factor used was 1,3. Since the authors used TWh in the modelling software EnergyPLAN, most of the numbers referring to energy quantities within the project are indicated in TWh as well. In most of the figures, energy quantities are indicated with three decimals, which seems rather dainty considering the lack of data to calculate precise numbers. However, the energy system on Malta is so small and minor differences in numbers expressed in TWh can already make a difference, which would be lost when too much rounding is applied. Nevertheless, the authors will at least round most of the numbers to two decimals within the text to make comprehension smoother to the reader. This study has been supported also by documents and informal information provided by relevant stakeholders, therefore the sources are not always publicly available. Despite cooperation with official institutions, this study has been conducted in a context of lack of data. Hence, numerous assumptions and approximations had to be made. A detailed methodology is provided in most of the chapters to justify assumptions to some extent. Nevertheless, the authors don´t take responsibility for the correctness of the provided results, in particular concerning the heating and cooling sector and the specific destination of electricity. List of abbreviations CEEP Critical Excess Energy Production CHP Combined heat and power EEEP Exportable Excess Energy Production EVs Electric Vehicles EU European Union FiT Feed in Tariffs G2V Grid to vehicle GSA Gas supply agreement GWh Gigawatt hour HP Heat Pumps IGA Intergovernmental agreement KWh Kilowatt hour LNG Liquefied Natural Gas LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas MS Member State MWh Megawatt hour PPA Power Purchase Agreement PV Photovoltaic RES Renewable Energy Sources SWH Solar Water Heaters TWh Terawatt hour V2H Vehicle to Grid Table of Content 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. GUIDE THROUGH THE PROJECT ....................................................................................................... 4 2. APPROACH ............................................................................................................................ 6 2.1. PROBLEM FORMULATION .............................................................................................................. 6 2.2. DELIMITATION AND FOCUS ............................................................................................................ 7 2.2.1. EU Legislation .................................................................................................................. 7 2.2.2. Legislation from Maltese Government ............................................................................ 8 2.2.3. Geography ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.4. Further restraints ............................................................................................................. 8 2.3. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................................... 8 2.3.1. Choice Awareness and Lock-in Theory applied on Malta’s power system ...................... 8 2.4. PROJECT SET UP CONSTELLATION .................................................................................................. 10 2.5. POLICY FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................................. 10 2.5.1. Energy Policies on Malta ............................................................................................... 12 3. DEMAND ............................................................................................................................. 15 3.1. GENERAL DEMAND METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................. 15 3.2. GROSS AND FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION ..................................................................................... 15 3.2.1. Historical Gross primary Energy consumption .............................................................. 15 3.2.2. Final energy consumption 2013 .................................................................................... 16 3.3. POWER DEMAND ....................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.1. Structure of power demand .......................................................................................... 17 3.3.2. Development of power demand .................................................................................... 18 3.3.3. Hourly Power Distribution ............................................................................................. 21 3.4. HEATING AND COOLING DEMAND AND TECHNOLOGY IN 2013 ........................................................... 23 3.4.1. Heating .......................................................................................................................... 24 3.4.2. Cooling ........................................................................................................................... 25 3.4.3. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 27 3.5. DEVELOPMENT OF HEATING SECTOR TO 2020 ................................................................................ 28 3.5.1. Technology Status Quo in 2020 ..................................................................................... 29 3.5.2. Heat Demand Upscaling to 2020 .................................................................................. 30 3.5.3. Hourly heating and cooling ........................................................................................... 31 3.6. FINAL ENERGY DEMAND IN 2020 ................................................................................................. 33 4. SUPPLY SIDE ........................................................................................................................ 34 4.1. ORGANISATIONAL SET UP OF MALTA’S POWER MARKET.................................................................... 34 4.2. CURRENT SUPPLY SIDE OF MALTA’S ENERGY SYSTEM AS IN 2014/2015 ............................................. 34 4.2.1. GHG Emissions ............................................................................................................... 35 4.3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparative Analysis and Design of a Solar-Based Parabolic Trough–ORC Cogeneration Plant for a Commercial Center
    energies Article Comparative Analysis and Design of a Solar-Based Parabolic Trough–ORC Cogeneration Plant for a Commercial Center Eduardo A. Pina , Luis M. Serra * , Miguel A. Lozano , Adrián Hernández and Ana Lázaro Group of Thermal Engineering and Energy Systems (GITSE) of Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle María de Luna sn, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; [email protected] (E.A.P.); [email protected] (M.A.L.); [email protected] (A.H.); [email protected] (A.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-976-761913 Received: 24 August 2020; Accepted: 10 September 2020; Published: 14 September 2020 Abstract: This paper performs technical, economic and environmental feasibility analyses of two different solar cogeneration plants, consisting of a solar system (a parabolic trough collector field coupled with thermal energy storage), an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), and mechanical chillers, that should cover the electrical and cooling demands of a commercial center located in Zaragoza (Spain). System A is hybridized with an auxiliary biomass boiler that complements the solar system’s thermal production, providing a constant heat supply to the ORC, which operates at full load during the operating hours of the solar system. In contrast, system B is not hybridized with biomass, so the ORC is fully driven by the solar system, operating at partial load according to the solar resource availability. Both systems are connected to the electrical grid, allowing electricity purchases and sales when needed. The design procedure involves the sizing of the equipment as well as the modelling of the hourly behavior of each system throughout the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Network Development Plan 2016 – 2025
    NOVEMBER 2015 NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2016 – 2025 A Ten-Year Plan for the Swedish National Grid. SVENSKA KRAFTNÄT Our society is dependent on electricity. Svenska kraftnät is responsible for ensuring that Sweden has a safe, environmentally sound and cost-effective transmission system for electricity – today and in the future. We achieve this in the short term by monitoring the electrical system around the clock, and in the long term by building new power lines to meet tomorrow’s electricity needs. Cover photo Tomas Ärlemo Org. Nr 202100-4284 SVENSKA KRAFTNÄT Box 1200 172 24 Sundbyberg Sweden Sturegatan 1 Tel +46 10-475 80 00 Fax +46 10-475 89 50 www.svk.se/en PREFACE The board of Svenska kraftnät decided in April 2013 on a long-term plan document for the development of the Swedish National Grid. Long-term plan 2025 described the challenges for Svenska kraftnät in the 10 to 15 years term. The purpose was, among other things, to increase the transparency of Svenska kraftnät’s planning and to provide an opportunity for the various stakeholders in the electricity market to influence it. Until then, the national network planning mainly consisted of the three-year investment and financing plans that Svenska kraftnät annually provide to the Government. These plans are, however, primarily a description of how investments already decided are expected to turn out over the next three financial years. They do not give an account of the Administration’s long-term priorities and the grounds for them. A certain network planning is conducted also at Nordic level in order to identify grid reinforcements with specific benefit for the whole of the Nordic electricity market.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economics of Solar Power
    The Economics of Solar Power Solar Roundtable Kansas Corporation Commission March 3, 2009 Peter Lorenz President Quanta Renewable Energy Services SOLAR POWER - BREAKTHROUGH OR NICHE OPPORTUNITY? MW capacity additions per year CAGR +82% 2000-08 Percent 5,600-6,000 40 RoW US 40 +43% Japan 10 +35% 2,826 Spain 55 1,744 1,460 1,086 598 Germany 137 241 372 427 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 2008E Demand driven by attractive economics • Strong regulatory support • Increasing power prices • Decreasing solar system prices • Good availability of capital Source: McKinsey demand model; Solarbuzz 1 WE HAVE SEEN SOME INTERESTING CHANGES IN THE U.S. RECENTLY 2 TODAY’S DISCUSSION • Solar technologies and their evolution • Demand growth outlook • Perspectives on solar following the economic crisis 3 TWO KEY SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES EXIST Photovoltaics (PV) Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Key • Uses light-absorbing material to • Uses mirrors to generate steam characteristics generate current which powers turbine • High modularity (1 kW - 50 MW) • Low modularity (20 - 300 MW) • Uses direct and indirect sunlight – • Only uses direct sunlight – specific suitable for almost all locations site requirements • Incentives widely available • Incentives limited to few countries • Mainly used as distributed power, • Central power only limited by some incentives encourage large adequate locations and solar farms transmission access ~ 10 Global capacity ~ 0.5 GW, 2007 Source: McKinsey analysis; EPIA; MarketBuzz 4 THESE HAVE SEVERAL SUB-TECHNOLOGIES Key technologies Sub technologiesDescription
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Is Driving a Global Shift in Electricity Markets
    SOLAR IS DRIVING A GLOBAL SHIFT IN ELECTRICITY MARKETS Rapid Cost Deflation and Broad Gains in Scale May 2018 Tim Buckley, Director of Energy Finance Studies, Australasia ([email protected]) and Kashish Shah, Research Associate ([email protected]) Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 2 1. World’s Largest Operational Utility-Scale Solar Projects ........................................... 4 1.1 World’s Largest Utility-Scale Solar Projects Under Construction ............................ 8 1.2 India’s Largest Utility-Scale Solar Projects Under Development .......................... 13 2. World’s Largest Concentrated Solar Power Projects ............................................... 18 3. Floating Solar Projects ................................................................................................ 23 4. Rooftop Solar Projects ................................................................................................ 27 5. Solar PV With Storage ................................................................................................. 31 6. Corporate PPAs .......................................................................................................... 39 7. Top Renewable Energy Utilities ................................................................................. 44 8. Top Solar Module Manufacturers .............................................................................. 49 Conclusion .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Financing the Transition to Renewable Energy in the European Union
    Bi-regional economic perspectives EU-LAC Foundation Miguel Vazquez, Michelle Hallack, Gustavo Andreão, Alberto Tomelin, Felipe Botelho, Yannick Perez and Matteo di Castelnuovo. iale Luigi Bocconi Financing the transition to renewable energy in the European Union, Latin America and the Caribbean Financing the transition to renewable energy in European Union, Latin America and Caribbean EU-LAC / Università Commerc EU-LAC FOUNDATION, AUGUST 2018 Große Bleichen 35 20354 Hamburg, Germany www.eulacfoundation.org EDITION: EU-LAC Foundation AUTHORS: Miguel Vazquez, Michelle Hallack, Gustavo Andreão, Alberto Tomelin, Felipe Botelho, Yannick Perez and Matteo di Castelnuovo GRAPHIC DESIGN: Virginia Scardino | https://www.behance.net/virginiascardino PRINT: Scharlau GmbH DOI: 10.12858/0818EN Note: This study was financed by the EU-LAC Foundation. The EU-LAC Foundation is funded by its members, and in particular by the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and cannot be considered as the point of view of the EU- LAC Foundation, its member states or the European Union. This book was published in 2018. This publication has a copyright, but the text may be used free of charge for the purposes of advocacy, campaigning, education, and research, provided that the source is properly acknowledged. The co- pyright holder requests that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation and adaptation,
    [Show full text]
  • Enhanced Features of Wind-Based Hybrid Power Plants
    4th International Hybrid Power Systems Workshop | Crete, Greece | 22 – 23 May 2019 Enhanced Features of Wind-Based Hybrid Power Plants Kaushik Das*, Anca D Hansen, Divyanagalakshmi Vangari, Matti Koivisto, Poul E Sørensen Müfit Altin Department of Wind Energy Energy Systems Engineering Department Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Izmir Institute of Technology Risø, Roskilde, Denmark Urla, Izmir, Turkey *[email protected] Abstract— The objective of this paper is to review and This facilitates the green transition by providing solutions elaborate qualitatively and quantitatively the benefits of to integrate higher penetration of renewable energy. wind-based hybrid power plant (HPP) as compared to Moreover, the presence of storage system makes power individual wind/PV power plant. A set of analyses are curtailment – previously an unthinkable economic burden performed to assess annual energy production/capacity for renewables to be a more viable scenario in the future factor, power fluctuations and ramp rates of HPP power systems with large share of renewables in power production and to identify different operating conditions to grids. understand the benefit of combining wind with solar and energy storage in an HPP. The analyses are performed Since the capacity factors of wind and solar power are based on spatio-temporally correlated wind power and solar generally low, electrical infrastructures like cables, power time series as well as on historical market price time converters, transformers remain unutilized for a large series. Correlation of market price with wind-solar portion of time for individual wind or solar power. combined time series is exploited to assess the flexibility of Combining wind and solar power provides the opportunity having storage by moving the power production to hours to optimally utilize these electrical infrastructures, where market prices are high from the hours when market increasing the annual energy production and thereby prices are low.
    [Show full text]
  • Presentación Coporativa Abengoa
    Corporate Presentation 2020 R-22032021 Index Who are Business Our 1 we? 2 areas 3 presence . Page 3 Page 11 Page 18 2 Who 1 are we? 3 Abengoa (MCE: ABG.B) is an international company that Who are we? applies innovative technology solutions for sustainable development in the infrastructure, energy and water sectors. Constructing energy infrastructures . Generating conventional and renewable energy. Transporting and distributing energy. Providing solutions for the integrated water cycle . Developing desalination and water treatment processes. Constructing hydraulic infrastructures. Being a reference in the transmission and distribution sector . Developing transmission lines, electric distribution and railway electrification projects. Constructing installations and infrastructures for all types of plants and buildings. Obtaining results in the services area . Providing operation and maintenance services for plants optimization. Managing private assets efficiently. Furthering new horizons for development and innovation . Our 280 accumulated awarded patents since 2008 position us as technological leaders in sectors such as solar thermal technology. Renewable energy storage and our bet for energy efficiency and water consumption (water-energy nexus). 4 A Viable Company with Solid Fundamentals Solid business of engineering, Global footprint makes Abengoa’s business procurement, construction and more resilient and the size of its backlog and operation and maintenance in high pipeline provides revenue visibility growth markets Credibility regained
    [Show full text]
  • Concentrating Solar Power Clean Power on Demand 24/7 Concentrating Solar Power: Clean Power on Demand 24/7
    CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER CLEAN POWER ON DEMAND 24/7 CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER: CLEAN POWER ON DEMAND 24/7 © 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW | Washington DC 20433 | USA 202-473-1000 | www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; [email protected]. All images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without written permission from the source. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2021. Concentrating Solar Power: Clean Power on Demand 24/7.
    [Show full text]
  • SOLAR IS DRIVING a GLOBAL SHIFT in ELECTRICITY MARKETS Rapid Cost Deflation and Broad Gains in Scale May 2018
    SOLAR IS DRIVING A GLOBAL SHIFT IN ELECTRICITY MARKETS Rapid Cost Deflation and Broad Gains in Scale May 2018 Tim Buckley, Director of Energy Finance Studies, Australasia ([email protected]) and Kashish Shah, Research Associate ([email protected]) Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 2 1. World’s Largest Operational Utility-Scale Solar Projects ........................................... 4 1.1 World’s Largest Utility-Scale Solar Projects Under Construction ............................ 8 1.2 India’s Largest Utility-Scale Solar Projects Under Development .......................... 13 2. World’s Largest Concentrated Solar Power Projects ............................................... 18 4. Rooftop Solar Projects ................................................................................................ 27 5. Solar PV With Storage ................................................................................................. 31 6. Corporate PPAs .......................................................................................................... 39 7. Top Renewable Energy Utilities ................................................................................. 44 8. Top Solar Module Manufacturers .............................................................................. 49 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 50 Appendix: Videoclips
    [Show full text]
  • THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM on District Heating and Cooling
    THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM on District Heating and Cooling HafenCity University Hamburg September 9th - 12 th, 2018 Conference overview and Book of Abstracts DHCth 2018 The 16 International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling September 9th - September 12th. 2018, Hamburg, Germany Impressum First published 2018 Print: WIRmachenDRUCK GmbH, Mühlbachstr. 7, 71522 Backnang © HafenCity Universität Hamburg Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ingo Weidlich Infrastructural Engineering Tel: +49 (0)40 42827 - 5700 Design and layout: Johanna Cortes Ardila E-mail: [email protected] Table of Contents pg5 1. Welcome Messages pg8 2. Overview Ingo Weidlich (HafenCity University)........................................ 5 Conference History ............................................................... 8 Gudrum Maass (EUWP)..................................................................... 6 Symposium Overview ......................................................... 9 Jens Kerstan (BUE)................................................................................ 7 Program at a Glance............................................................ 10 Exhibition Floor Plan ........................................................... 12 Scientific Committee .......................................................... 13 Local Organizing Committee – LOC ......................... 13 pg14 3. Symposium Program pg17 4. Keynote Speeches September 10 .................................................................................... 14 Henrik Lund (Aalborg
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Transition of Large Technological Systems Through Relational Data
    Exploring Transition of Large Technological Systems through Relational Data A Study of The Danish Smart Grid Development Ph.D. Dissertation Roman Jurowetzki Dissertation submitted March, 2016 Thesis submitted: March 3, 2016 PhD Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Birgitte Gregersen Aalborg University Assistant PhD Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Jesper Lindgaard Christensen Aalborg University PhD Committee: Assoc. Prof. Ina Drejer, Aalborg University Research Prof. Antje Klitkou, The Nordic In- stitute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education Dr. Ismael Rafols, Universitat Politècnica de València; University of Sussex PhD Series: Faculty of Social Sciences, Aalborg University ISSN: 2246-1256 ISBN: 978-87-7112-xxx-x Published by: Aalborg University Press Skjernvej 4A, 2nd floor DK – 9220 Aalborg Ø Phone: +45 99407140 [email protected] forlag.aau.dk c Copyright by Roman Jurowetzki Printed in Denmark by Rosendahls, 2016 Curriculum Vitae Roman Jurowetzki Roman Jurowetzki is a Ph.D. Fellow with the Innovation, Knowledge, and Economics Dynamics (IKE) group at the Department of Business and Man- agement, Aalborg University, Denmark. He holds a M.Sc. in Innovation Eco- nomics (MIKE-E) from Aalborg University and a B.A. from the University of Passau, Germany in Governance and Public Policy. His research interests are related to understanding of socio-technical change processes. While not being officially part of the Danish strategic research alliance on Energy Inno- vation Systems (EIS), he has been – given the empirical focus of the present thesis – associated with the project and in close contact and collaboration with project partners. Throughout the three years in which he has been working on the present thesis, he aspired to build bridges between the innovation science tradition and the young field of computational social science.
    [Show full text]
  • Framework Conditions for Flexibility in the District Heating- Electricity Interface
    Framework conditions for flexibility in the district heating- electricity interface i The Flex4RES project The Flex4RES project investigates how an intensified interaction between coupled energy markets, supported by coherent regulatory frameworks, can facilitate the integration of high shares of variable renewable energy (VRE), in turn ensuring stable, sustainable and cost-efficient Nordic energy systems. Through a holistic system approach based on coupled energy markets, we identify potentials, costs and benefits of achieving flexibility in the Nordic electricity market created by the heat, gas and transport sectors as well as by electricity transmission and generation. Flex4RES develops and applies a multidisciplinary research strategy that combines technical analysis of flexibility needs and potentials, economic analysis of markets and regulatory frameworks, and energy system modelling that quantifies impacts. Through the development of coherent regulatory frameworks and market designs that facilitate market interactions, which are optimal for the Nordic conditions in an EU context, transition pathways to sustainable Nordic energy systems are identified. Flex4RES will comprehensively discuss and disseminate the recommended pathways and market designs for achieving a future Nordic sustainable energy solution with a variety of stakeholders from government, industry and civil society. More information regarding the Flex4Res project can be found at www.Flex4RES.org or by contacting project manager Klaus Skytte at [email protected] Acknowledgement
    [Show full text]