DOCSLIB.ORG

2010 Solar Technologies Market Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2010 Solar Technologies Market Report 2010 Solar Technologies Market Report NOVEMBER 2011 ii 2010 Solar Technologies Market Report NOVEMBER 2011 iii iv Table of Contents 1 Installation Trends, Photovoltaic and Concentrating Solar Power ........................1 1.1 Global Installed PV Capacity..........................................................................................................1 1.1.1 Cumulative Installed PV Capacity Worldwide ...........................................................1 1.1.2 Growth in Cumulative and Annual Installed PV Capacity Worldwide .............2 1.1.3 Worldwide PV Installations by Interconnection Status and Application ........4 1.2 U.S. Installed PV Capacity ..............................................................................................................5 1.2.1 Cumulative U.S. Installed PV Capacity ..........................................................................5 1.2.2 U.S. PV Installations by Interconnection Status ........................................................6 1.2.3 U.S. PV Installations by Application and Sector ........................................................6 1.2.4 States with the Largest PV Markets ...............................................................................8 1.3 Global and U.S. Installed CSP Capacity ......................................................................................9 1.3.1 Cumulative Installed CSP Worldwide ..........................................................................9 1.3.2 Major Non-U.S. International Markets for CSP ......................................................11 1.3.3 U.S. Installed and Proposed CSP Capacity ..............................................................14 1.4 References ........................................................................................................................................18 2 Industry Trends, Photovoltaic and Concentrating Solar Power ...........................21 2.1 PV Production Trends ....................................................................................................................21 2.1.1 Global PV Production.......................................................................................................21 2.1.2 U.S. PV Production ............................................................................................................24 2.2 Global and U.S. PV Shipments and Revenue ........................................................................26 2.2.1 Global PV Shipments .......................................................................................................26 2.2.2 Global PV Cell/Module Revenue ................................................................................28 2.2.3 U.S. PV Shipments .............................................................................................................29 2.2.4 U.S. PV Cell/Module Revenue ......................................................................................31 2.2.5 U.S. PV Imports and Exports ..........................................................................................31 2.3 CSP Manufacturer and Shipment Trends ..............................................................................33 2.3.1 CSP Manufacturers ...........................................................................................................33 2.3.2 CSP Shipments ...................................................................................................................34 2.3.3 Material and Supply-Chain Issues ...............................................................................34 2.3.3.1 Material and Supply-Chain Issues ....................................................................34 2.3.3.2 Rare Metals Supply and Demand for PV .........................................................37 2.3.3.3 Glass Supply for PV ..................................................................................................38 2.3.3.4 Material and Water Constraints for CSP...........................................................38 2.3.3.5 Land and Transmission Constraints for Utility-Scale Solar .......................39 2.3.4 Solar Industry Employment Trends ..................................................................41 2.3.4.1 Types of Jobs in the PV and CSP Industries ..................................................44 2.3.4.2 Current and Projected Employment in the Industry, .................................45 Global and United States 2.3.4.3 Labor Intensity in the PV Industry, Global and United States ................45 2.3.4.4 Employment and Labor intensity in the United States .............................45 and Global CSP Industry 2.3.4.5 Quality Assurance and Certification for Solar PV Installation .................46 2.3.5 References ..............................................................................................................................47 v 3 Cost, Price, and Performance Trends .......................................................................51 3.1 Levelized Cost of Energy, PV, and CSP ....................................................................................51 3.2 Solar Resource and Capacity Factor, PV, and CSP ..............................................................52 3.2.1 Solar Resource for PV .......................................................................................................53 3.2.2 Solar Resource for CSP ...................................................................................................54 3.2.3 Capacity Factor, PV and CSP ..........................................................................................55 3.3 PV Cell, Module, and System Efficiency .................................................................................56 3.3.1 PV Cell Type and Efficiency ............................................................................................56 3.3.2 PV Module Efficiency ......................................................................................................58 3.3.3 PV System Efficiency and Derate Factor ...................................................................58 3.4 PV Module Reliability ...................................................................................................................58 3.5 PV Module Price Trends ................................................................................................................59 3.6 PV Installation Cost Trends ..........................................................................................................61 3.6.1 Behind-the-Meter PV ...........................................................................................................61 3.6.2 Utility-Sector PV.....................................................................................................................68 3.7 PV Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................................70 3.7.1 PV Operation and Maintenance, Not Including Inverter Replacement .......70 3.7.2 PV Inverter Replacement and Warranty Trends .....................................................73 3.8 CSP Installation and Operation and Maintenance Cost Trends ....................................74 3.9 CSP Technology Characteristics and System Performance ............................................75 3.9.1 Parabolic Trough Technology ......................................................................................75 3.9.2 Power Tower Technology ..............................................................................................75 3.9.3. Dish-Engine Technology ................................................................................................ 76 3.9.4 Linear Fresnel Reflector Technology ..........................................................................76 3.9.5 Storage ..................................................................................................................................76 3.9.6 Heat Transfer Fluid ............................................................................................................77 3.9.7 Water Use ............................................................................................................................77 3.9.8 Land Requirements ..........................................................................................................77 3.10 References ......................................................................................................................................79 4 Policy and Other Market Drivers .............................................................................81 4.1 Federal Policies and Incentives for PV and CSP ...................................................................81 4.1.1 Investment Tax Credit ......................................................................................................81 4.1.2 Renewable Energy Grants ..............................................................................................82 4.1.3 Manufacturing Tax Credit ...............................................................................................83 4.1.4 Modified cceleratedA Cost Recovery System and Bonus Depreciation .......83 4.1.5 Renewable Energy Loan Guarantee Program ........................................................84 4.1.6 Qualified Clean Energy Bonds, Clean Renewable Energy Bonds ....................86 and Build America Bonds 4.1.7 Energy
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Improving the Performance of Solar Thermal Power
    The Oil Drum: Australia/New Zealand | Improving the Performance of Solar Therhmtatpl :P/o/wanezr.theoildrum.com/node/6279 Improving the Performance of Solar Thermal Power Posted by Big Gav on March 12, 2010 - 1:23am in The Oil Drum: Australia/New Zealand Topic: Alternative energy Tags: bill gross, concentrating solar power, esolar, solar power, solar thermal power [list all tags] The US Department of Energy granted a US$1.37 billion loan guarantee to Brightsource Energy last week which could help clear the way for over 15 gigawatts of solar thermal power projects in California. Brightsource built a pilot plant in Israel to prove their technology and has tested it over the past 18 months. Their flagship Ivanpah project in California got a big boost when construction giant Bechtel agreed to build the plant. Solar thermal is a way of harnessing the largest source of energy available to us, so in this post I'll have a look at the upswing in interest in the use of this technology for electricity generation in recent years and look at some of the approaches being pursued to make it economically competitive with coal fired power generation. Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/ The US Department of Energy granted a US$1.37 billion loan guarantee to Brightsource Energy last week which could help clear the way for over 15 gigawatts of solar thermal power projects in California. Brightsource built a pilot plant in Israel to prove their technology and has tested it over the past 18 months. Their flagship Ivanpah project in California got a big boost when construction giant Bechtel agreed to build the plant.
    [Show full text]
  • Konarka Technologies
    Colorado Renewable Energy Collaboratory Partners for Clean Energy Center for Revolutionary Solar Photoconversion updateSummer 2010 CRSP Research Profile Plasma Sheds Light on Mysteries of PV Efficiency Stars are made of plasma, an ionized gas comprising a complex mixture of gas-phase species. So it’s remarkable that CRSP researchers are using plasmas to create photovoltaic (PV) devices that can better convert energy from our own star, the sun, into power we can use here on Earth. A CRSP research team, made up of re- searchers from CSU and NREL, has been using plasmas to modify PV materials and improve the interfaces between the layers of materials in thin-film solar cells. The goal is to increase efficiency in PV devices. Ellen Fisher is an analytical/materials The CRSP plasma processing project team Ina Martin (left) and Ellen Fisher are shown chemist and the project’s principle investiga- includes Ina Martin, an analytical chemist at in the laboratory with a low-pressure rf plasma reactor. The two chemists work to- tor at CSU. “We know we can use plasmas NREL. Her role is to extend the character- gether on a CRSP project that uses plasmas to change materials and get different device ization of the modified materials and evalu- results, but we need to know exactly how it to modify PV materials and improve the ate the resulting devices under real-world interfaces between the layers of materials in works,” she says. conditions. The rest of the team includes thin-film solar cells. Credit: Jeff Shearer. The team is developing new materials for Michael Elliott, a CSU electrochemist with solar cells by taking known materials, such a background in PV device testing; Patrick McCurdy, a CSU staff scientist who special- chemistry, applying these results to as titanium dioxide (TiO2), and improv- ing their properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Town of Amherst Request for Proposals
    TOWN OF AMHERST REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS FOR OLD LANDFILL REUSE PROPOSAL Presented by: In partnership with: Letter of Transmittal............................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 8 1. Evaluation Criteria ............................................................................................................ 10 1.1. Proposal protects the existing landfill caps. ...............................................................................10 1.2. Proposal protects operation of landfill gas systems...................................................................10 1.3. Experience of team proposing project........................................................................................10 1.4. Risk to human, health and the environment..............................................................................11 1.5. Effect on the environment..........................................................................................................11 1.6. Project compatibility with neighboring properties.....................................................................12 1.7. Noise levels from use of site.......................................................................................................12 1.7. Best compensation to Town of Amherst ....................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, Whether Or Not Assembled Into Modules, from the People's Republic of China
    ACCESS C-570-980 Administrative Review POR: 01/01/2017-12/31/2017 Public Document E&C/OVII: GHC January 31, 2020 MEMORANDUM TO: Jeffrey I. Kessler Assistant Secretary for Enforcement and Compliance FROM: James Maeder Deputy Assistant Secretary for Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Operations SUBJECT: Decision Memorandum for the Preliminary Results of the Administrative Review of the Countervailing Duty Order on Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, Whether or Not Assembled Into Modules, from the People’s Republic of China; 2017 ______________________________________________________________________________ I. SUMMARY The Department of Commerce is conducting an administrative review of the countervailing duty (CVD) order on crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, whether or not assembled into modules (solar cells) from the People’s Republic of China (China), covering the period of review (POR) January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017. The mandatory respondents are JA Solar Technology Yangzhou Co., Ltd. (JA Solar) and Risen Energy Co., Ltd. (Risen Energy). This is the sixth administrative review of the CVD order on solar cells from China. We preliminarily find that JA Solar and Risen Energy received countervailable subsidies during the POR. If these preliminary results are adopted in the final results of this review, we will instruct U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to assess countervailing duties on all appropriate entries of subject merchandise during the POR. Interested parties are invited to comment on these preliminary results. Unless the deadline is extended pursuant to section 751(a)(3)(A) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (the Act), we will issue the final results of this review by no later than 120 days after the publication of these preliminary results in the Federal Register.
    [Show full text]
  • Kern County, California
    2503 Eastbluff Dr., Suite 206 Newport Beach, California 92660 Fax: (949) 717-0069 Matt Hagemann · Tel: (949) 887-9013 Email: [email protected] August 22, 2012 Gideon Kracov Attorney at Law 801 S. Grand Ave, llu' Fl. Los Angeles, CA 90017 Subject: Comments on the Beacon Photovoltaic Project Dear Mr. Kracov: We have reviewed the July 2012 Draft Environmental Impact Report ("DEIR"i for the Beacon Photovoltaic Project ("Project"). The Project proposes to build a 250-megawatt solar generation facility on approximately 3.6 square miles of land four miles north of California City in Kern County, California. Project components include: • A photovoltaic (PV) solar power generation facllity containing approximately 972,000 panels; • 230 ki lovolt overhead transmission line; • Operations and maintenance building, parking lot, office, and sewer system; and • Access roads (DEIR, p. 3-9). We have reviewed the DEIR for issues associated with air quality, hydrology and water quality, and ha za rds and hazardous materials. The DEIR fails to adequately disclose potentially significa nt impacts from Project constru.ction on workers and offsite r eceptors. A revised DEIR needs to be prepared to adequately disclose and analyze these impacts and provide mitigation, if necessary.· Air Quality The Project is located in t he Eastern Kern Air Pollution Cont rol District ("EKAPCD") and the M ojave Desert Air Basin ("MOAB"). Both the EKAPCD and t he M DAB are designated non-attainment for PMlO (DEIR, pp. 4.2-3, 22). Significant emlssion.s of P:MlO and its contributing sources, such as NOx, will lead 1 to a worsening of regional air quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Are DOE Loan Guarantees an Energy Policy Mistake?
    Greentech Media http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/print/Are-DOE-Loan-Guarantee... RESEARCH & ANALYSIS | POLICY ERIC WESOFF: JUNE 2, 2011 Are DOE Loan Guarantees an Energy Policy Mistake? It’s the Liberals versus the Libertarians: Is the DOE Loan Guarantee Program a righteous creator of jobs and new industry or a wrongful use of taxpayer money? The United States DOE Loan Guarantee Program has disbursed $30.7 billion and claims to have created or saved 62,350 jobs. The loan program has three categories: Section 1703 of Title XVII of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 authorizes the DOE to support innovative clean energy technologies that are typically unable to obtain conventional private financing due to high technology risks. Section 1705 is a temporary program designed to address the current economic conditions of the nation. It authorizes loan guarantees for certain renewable energy systems, electric power transmission systems and leading edge biofuels projects that commence construction no later than September 30, 2011. The Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program consists of direct loans to support the development of advanced technology vehicles and associated components in the U.S. The more publicized loan guarantee recipients include Solyndra , BrightSource Energy , Ford, Fisker , and Tesla. (See the more complete list of loan recipients at the end of this article.) The Loan Program Office (LPO) has issued conditional commitments to 13 power generation projects with cumulative project costs of over $27 billion. This represents a greater investment in clean energy generation projects than the entire private sector made in 2009 ($10.6 billion), and almost as much as was invested in such projects in 2008 -- the peak financing year to date ($22.6 billion), according to the DOE.
    [Show full text]
  • Contact: Kevin Thornton for IMMEDIATE RELEASE 1-800-331-0085
    Contact: Kevin Thornton FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 1-800-331-0085 WAL-MART ANNOUNCES SOLAR POWER PILOT PROJECT Pilot Project marks major step toward its goal of being supplied by 100 percent renewable energy BENTONVILLE, Ark., May 7, 2007 – Today Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE:WMT), announced a major purchase of solar power from three solar power providers, BP Solar, SunEdison LLC, and PowerLight, a subsidiary of SunPower Corporation, for 22 combined Wal- Mart stores, Sam’s Clubs and a distribution center in Hawaii and California. As part of a pilot project to determine solar power viability for Wal-Mart, the total solar power production from the 22 sites is estimated to be as much as 20 million kWh (kilowatt-hours) per year. When fully implemented, the aggregate purchase could be one of the U.S., if not the world’s, top-10 largest ever solar power initiatives. “We are taking aggressive steps towards our goal of being supplied by 100 percent renewable energy,” said Kim Saylors-Laster, vice president of energy for Wal-Mart. “The pilot project is yet another example of Wal-Mart’s commitment to making decisions that are good for business and the environment.” “We applaud Wal-Mart's drive to increase its use of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies and look forward to the long-term positive impact their efforts will have on our environment,” said Ron Judkoff, director of the Buildings and Thermal Systems Center at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). “Wal-Mart's decision to take advantage of the economic and environmental benefits of solar power and energy efficiency technologies is a great step in the right direction.” The solar power pilot project is a major step toward Wal-Mart’s goal of being supplied by 100 percent renewable energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy
    Projects Projects Renewable Energy Representative Engagements • Represented the project sponsor in connection with • Advised client on a significant investment in Nemaska the non-recourse project financing of the development, Lithium Inc., a Canadian lithium company, in a trans- installation, operation and maintenance of over 150,000 formational market transaction involving a key input in small-scale solar kits in areas of Peru not connected to lithium batteries which are a key component in electric the grid. cars and other technologies as well as renewables • Represented the Buyer acquiring 100 percent of the storage projects. equity interests of two project companies that have two • Advised the underwriters in DTE Electric Company’s solar photovoltaic projects with a combined rating of milestone $525 million green bond offering. Proceeds 6.5MWac/8MWdc on Oahu, Hawaii. of the bonds will support the development and • Represented a multinational energy corporation in construction of low-carbon, clean energy projects like connection with the acquisition of, and its tax equity solar arrays and wind farms, as well as the transmission investment in, solar power generating facilities in infrastructure to support related renewable facilities. California, Texas and Arizona valued from $16 million Solar to $25 million, including one project located on a • Represented Duke Energy in connection with a $360 military base under the U.S. military’s renewable energy million non-recourse project financing of a portfolio procurement initiative. of 24 operating solar farms in North Carolina under • Represented one of the world’s largest solar energy contract with various utility and non-utility offtakers. project companies in its entry into Japan and projects The facility includes a $330 million term loan, a $105 utilizing the Japanese Feed-In Tariff.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Storage Development Plan
    Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Energy Storage Development Plan Grid Planning and Development System Studies and Research Group September 2, 2014 This space is intentionally left blank Table of Contents: Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. 1 A. Background ............................................................................................................. 1 B. Scope and Objectives .............................................................................................. 1 C. Energy Storage Targets ........................................................................................... 1 1. Overview and Policy ....................................................................................................... 3 A. Purpose .................................................................................................................... 3 B. Background ............................................................................................................. 3 C. ES Regulation, Policy, and Legislative Impacts ..................................................... 5 2. Scope & Objectives ......................................................................................................... 5 A. Energy Storage System Development Strategy ...................................................... 6 B. Energy Storage System Target Development Schedule ......................................... 6 3. Description of Existing
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Solyndra: Examining the Department of Energy's Loan Guarantee Program Hilary Kao
    William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review Volume 37 | Issue 2 Article 4 Beyond Solyndra: Examining the Department of Energy's Loan Guarantee Program Hilary Kao Repository Citation Hilary Kao, Beyond Solyndra: Examining the Department of Energy's Loan Guarantee Program, 37 Wm. & Mary Envtl. L. & Pol'y Rev. 425 (2013), http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol37/iss2/4 Copyright c 2013 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr BEYOND SOLYNDRA: EXAMINING THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY’S LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM HILARY KAO* ABSTRACT In the year following the Fukushima nuclear disaster in March 2011, the renewable and clean energy industries faced significant turmoil— from natural disasters, to political maelstroms, from the Great Recession, to U.S. debt ceiling debates. The Department of Energy’s Loan Guarantee Program (“DOE LGP”), often a target since before it ever received a dollar of appropriations, has been both blamed and defended in the wake of the bankruptcy filing of Solyndra, a California-based solar panel manufac- turer, in September 2011, because of the $535 million loan guarantee made to it by the Department of Energy (“DOE”) in 2009.1 Critics have suggested political favoritism in loan guarantee awards and have questioned the government’s proper role in supporting renewable energy companies and the renewable energy industry generally.2 This Article looks beyond the Solyndra controversy to examine the origin, structure and purpose of the DOE LGP. It asserts that loan guaran- tees can serve as viable policy tools, but require careful crafting to have the potential to be effective programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Concentrated Solar Energy Technologies
    Online Continuing Education for Professional Engineers Since 2009 Overview of Concentrated Solar Energy Technologies PDH Credits: 6 PDH Course No.: CST101 Publication Source: Original Courseware by Donald W. Parnell, PE Release Date: 2018 DISCLAIMER: All course materials available on this website are not to be construed as a representation or warranty on the part of Online-PDH, or other persons and/or organizations named herein. All course literature is for reference purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for competent, professional engineering council. Use or application of any information herein, should be done so at the discretion of a licensed professional engineer in that given field of expertise. Any person(s) making use of this information, herein, does so at their own risk and assumes any and all liabilities arising therefrom. Copyright © 2009 Online-PDH - All Rights Reserved 1265 San Juan Dr. - Merritt Island, FL 32952 Phone: 321-501-5601 Primer on Concentrated Solar Energy Credits: 6 PDH Course Description This course discusses several of the more proven concentrating solar power technologies presently on the market. Also discussed will be the basic units commonly found in most types of CSP facilities: solar reflectors (mirrors), solar receivers, and solar tracking devices, along with their ancillary components. Discussed will be the primary application of using solar thermal heat for generating steam for turbine electrical power production. Other applications for concentrated solar are high thermal heat processes
    [Show full text]
  • The Economics of Solar Power
    The Economics of Solar Power Solar Roundtable Kansas Corporation Commission March 3, 2009 Peter Lorenz President Quanta Renewable Energy Services SOLAR POWER - BREAKTHROUGH OR NICHE OPPORTUNITY? MW capacity additions per year CAGR +82% 2000-08 Percent 5,600-6,000 40 RoW US 40 +43% Japan 10 +35% 2,826 Spain 55 1,744 1,460 1,086 598 Germany 137 241 372 427 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 2008E Demand driven by attractive economics • Strong regulatory support • Increasing power prices • Decreasing solar system prices • Good availability of capital Source: McKinsey demand model; Solarbuzz 1 WE HAVE SEEN SOME INTERESTING CHANGES IN THE U.S. RECENTLY 2 TODAY’S DISCUSSION • Solar technologies and their evolution • Demand growth outlook • Perspectives on solar following the economic crisis 3 TWO KEY SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES EXIST Photovoltaics (PV) Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Key • Uses light-absorbing material to • Uses mirrors to generate steam characteristics generate current which powers turbine • High modularity (1 kW - 50 MW) • Low modularity (20 - 300 MW) • Uses direct and indirect sunlight – • Only uses direct sunlight – specific suitable for almost all locations site requirements • Incentives widely available • Incentives limited to few countries • Mainly used as distributed power, • Central power only limited by some incentives encourage large adequate locations and solar farms transmission access ~ 10 Global capacity ~ 0.5 GW, 2007 Source: McKinsey analysis; EPIA; MarketBuzz 4 THESE HAVE SEVERAL SUB-TECHNOLOGIES Key technologies Sub technologiesDescription
    [Show full text]