DOCSLIB.ORG

A Concentrated Solar Thermal Energy System C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Concentrated Solar Thermal Energy System C Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 A Concentrated Solar Thermal Energy System C. Christopher Newton Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY FAMU-FSU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING A CONCENTRATED SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY SYSTEM By C. CHRISTOPHER NEWTON A Thesis submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2007 Copyright 2007 C. Christopher Newton All Rights Reserved The members of the Committee approve the Thesis of C. Christopher Newton defended on December 14, 2006. ______________________________ Anjaneyulu Krothapalli Professor Directing Thesis ______________________________ Patrick Hollis Outside Committee Member ______________________________ Brenton Greska Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii This thesis is dedicated to my family and friends for their love and support. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Professor Anjaneyulu Krothapalli and Dr. Brenton Greska for their advisement and support of this work. Through their teachings, my view on life and the world has changed. I would also like to give special thanks to Robert Avant and Bobby DePriest for their help with the design and fabrication of the apparatus used for this work. Also, I would like to thank them for teaching myself, the author, the basics of machining. Mike Sheehan and Ryan Whitney also deserve mention for their help with setting up and assembling the apparatus used in this work. The help and support from each of these individuals mentioned was, and will always be greatly appreciated. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................ Page viii List of Figures ................................................................................................ Page ix Abstract ...................................................................................................... Page xiv 1. Background ................................................................................................ Page 1 1.1 Introduction........................................................................................... Page 1 1.2 Historical Perspective of Solar Thermal Power and Process Heat ....... Page 2 1.2.1 Known Parabolic Dish Systems.......................................... Page 3 1.3 Solar Thermal Conversion .................................................................... Page 5 1.4 Solar Geometry (Fundamentals of Solar Radiation)............................. Page 6 1.4.1 Sun-Earth Geometric Relationship ..................................... Page 6 1.4.2 Angle of Declination........................................................... Page 7 1.4.3 Solar Time and Angles........................................................ Page 10 1.5 Solar Radiation ..................................................................................... Page 13 1.5.1 Extraterrestrial Solar Radiation .......................................... Page 13 1.5.2 Terrestrial Solar Radiation.................................................. Page 14 1.6 Radiative Properties.............................................................................. Page 17 1.7 Solar Collector/Concentrator ................................................................ Page 18 1.7.1 Acceptance Angle ............................................................... Page 21 1.7.2 Thermodynamic Limits of Concentration........................... Page 22 1.8 The Receiver/Absorber ......................................................................... Page 23 1.8.1 Cavity Receiver................................................................... Page 24 1.8.2 External Receiver................................................................ Page 25 1.9 Heat Storage.......................................................................................... Page 25 1.9.1 Sensible Heat Storage ......................................................... Page 25 1.9.2 Latent Heat Storage ............................................................ Page 26 1.10 Rankine Cycle..................................................................................... Page 26 1.10.1 Working Fluid................................................................... Page 29 1.10.2 Deviation of Actual Cycle from Ideal............................... Page 29 1.11 Steam Turbine..................................................................................... Page 30 1.11.1 Impulse Turbine................................................................ Page 31 1.11.2 Reaction Turbine............................................................... Page 31 1.11.3 Turbine Efficiency ............................................................ Page 32 1.12 Overview............................................................................................. Page 33 2. Experimental Apparatus and Procedures........................................................ Page 34 2.1 Introduction........................................................................................... Page 34 2.2 Solar Collector ...................................................................................... Page 34 2.3 The Receiver ......................................................................................... Page 36 2.4 Steam Turbine....................................................................................... Page 39 v 2.5 Gear-Train............................................................................................. Page 41 2.6 Working Fluid of Solar Thermal System.............................................. Page 43 2.7 Feed-Water Pump ................................................................................. Page 44 2.8 Tracking ............................................................................................... Page 45 2.9 Data Acquisition ................................................................................... Page 49 2.9.1 Instrumentation ................................................................... Page 50 2.10 Power Supply...................................................................................... Page 50 2.11 Generator/Alternator........................................................................... Page 53 3. Analysis/Results and Discussion .................................................................... Page 55 3.1 Introduction........................................................................................... Page 55 3.2 Solar Calculations................................................................................. Page 55 3.3 Analysis of the Dish.............................................................................. Page 57 3.3.1 Efficiency of Collector........................................................ Page 61 3.4 Receiver ............................................................................................... Page 66 3.4.1 Boiler Efficiency................................................................. Page 76 3.5 Turbine Efficiency ................................................................................ Page 77 3.6 Turbine/Gear-Train Analysis................................................................ Page 78 3.7 Analysis of the Rankine Cycle.............................................................. Page 79 3.8 Generator and Energy Conversion Efficiency...................................... Page 81 4. Conclusions …................................................................................................ Page 83 4.1 Introduction........................................................................................... Page 83 4.2 Solar Calculations................................................................................. Page 83 4.3 Trackers ............................................................................................... Page 83 4.4 Solar Concentrator ................................................................................ Page 84 4.5 Receiver/Boiler ..................................................................................... Page 84 4.6 Steam Turbine....................................................................................... Page 85 4.7 Generator .............................................................................................. Page 85 4.8 Cycle Conclusions ............................................................................... Page 85 4.9 Future Work ......................................................................................... Page 86 APPENDICES ................................................................................................ Page 88 A Rabl’s Theorem..................................................................................... Page 88 B Solar Angle and Insolation Calculations .............................................. Page 91 C Solar Calculations for October 12th ..................................................... Page 100 D Collector Efficiency for Varied Wind Speeds ...................................... Page 105 E Calculations for Collector Efficiency on Oct. 12th for Beam Insolation Page 111 F Collector Efficiency as Receiver Temperature Increases....................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Automating Energy Management in Green Homes
    Automating Energy Management in Green Homes Nilanjan Banerjee∗ Sami Rollins∗ Kevin Moran University of Arkansas University of San Francisco University of San Francisco Fayetteville, AR San Francisco, CA San Francisco, CA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT proved in recent years. We spoke to one user who in- Green homes powered fully or partially by renewable sources stalled solar panels at his home in 2002 and who, in order such as solar are becoming more widely adopted, however to log the performance of the system, manually recorded energy management strategies in these environments are lack- readings from a control panel on a daily basis over a ing. This paper presents the first results of a study that ex- period of several months. Another user, however, who plores home automation techniques for achieving better uti- is in the process of installing solar panels, reports that lization of energy generated by renewable technologies. First, he will have access to a web-based service that reports using a network of off-the-shelf sensing devices, we observe overall energy generation and consumption at his home. that energy generation and consumption in an off-grid home There has also been a significant increase in the number is both variable and predictable. Moreover, we find that re- of devices, such as the WattsUpMeter [11], that allow active energy management techniques are insufficient to pre- monitoring of power consumption, as well as services vent critical battery situations. We then present a recommen- such as Google PowerMeter [3, 6, 9] that provide users dation based system for helping users to achieve better uti- with convenient access to such information.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Power Inverters Users Manual
    POWER INVERTERS User’s Manual Includes information on SOLAR Model PI30000X WARNING Warning: This product contains chemicals, including Failure to follow instructions may cause lead, known to the State of California to cause damage or explosion, always shield eyes. cancer, birth defects and other reproductive harm. Read entire instruction manual before use. Wash hands after handling. SOLAR Power Inverter USER’S MANUAL Congratulations! You have just purchased the finest quality power inverter on the market. We have taken numerous measures in our quality control and in our manufacturing processes to ensure that your product arrives in top condition and that it will perform to your satisfaction. Inverters are designed to convert 12 Volt DC power into household AC power. SOLAR power inverters, with Sonic Compression technology, are designed to provide stable, clean and reliable power with high surge capacity for use in powering a wide variety of powered tools, appliances and electronics. Our technologically advanced, microprocessor controlled power inverters run cooler and more efficiently than competing products. This results in longer operating time and extended battery life when using SOLAR power inverters. Table of Contents Safety Summary & Warnings . .3 Personal Precautions . .4 Important Safety Instructions . .4 Precautions When Using the Power Inverter to Power Rechargeable Appliances . .4 How Power Inverters Work . .5 Things to Remember When Operating Your SOLAR Power Inverter . .5 SOLAR Power Inverter Safety Features . .5 Installation . .6 Things to Remember When Planning Your Installation . .6 Installation Code Compliance . .6 Battery Types, Sizes and Inverter Power Requirements . .6 Charging System Requirements . .8 Testing Batteries to Ensure Readiness . .8 Cable Requirements .
    [Show full text]
  • Microgeneration Potential in New Zealand
    Prepared for Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment Microgeneration Potential in New Zealand A Study of Small-scale Energy Generation Potential by East Harbour Management Services ISBN: 1-877274-33-X May 2006 Microgeneration Potential in New Zealand East Harbour Executive summary The study of the New Zealand’s potential for micro electricity generation technologies (defined as local generation for local use) in the period up to 2035 shows that a total of approximately 580GWh per annum is possible within current Government policies. If electricity demand modifiers (solar water heating, passive solar design, and energy efficiency) are included, there is approximately an additional 15,800GWh per annum available. In total, around 16,400GWh of electricity can be either generated on-site, or avoided by adopting microgeneration of energy services. The study has considered every technology that the authors are aware of. However, sifting the technologies reduced the list to those most likely to be adopted to a measurable scale during the period of the study. The definition of micro electricity generation technologies includes • those that generate electricity to meet local on-site energy services, and • those that convert energy resources directly into local energy services, such as the supply of hot water or space heating, without the intermediate need for electricity. The study has considered the potential uptake of each technology within each of the periods to 2010, 2020, and 2035. It also covers residential energy services and those services for small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that can be obtained by on-site generation of electricity or substitution of electricity.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Energy: State of the Art
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Sep 27, 2021 Solar energy: state of the art Furbo, Simon; Shah, Louise Jivan; Jordan, Ulrike Publication date: 2003 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Furbo, S., Shah, L. J., & Jordan, U. (2003). Solar energy: state of the art. BYG Sagsrapport No. SR 03-14 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Editors: Simon Furbo Louise Jivan Shah Ulrike Jordan Solar Energy State of the art DANMARKS TEKNISKE UNIVERSITET Internal Report BYG·DTU SR-03-14 2003 ISSN 1601 - 8605 Solar Energy State of the art Editors: Simon Furbo Louise Jivan Shah Ulrike Jordan Department of Civil Engineering DTU-bygning 118 2800 Kgs. Lyngby http://www.byg.dtu.dk 2003 PREFACE In June 2003 the Ph.D. course Solar Heating was carried out at Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Thermal Energy an Industry Report
    Solar Thermal Energy an Industry Report . Solar Thermal Technology on an Industrial Scale The Sun is Our Source Our sun produces 400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 watts of energy every second and the belief is that it will last for another 5 billion years. The United States An eSolar project in California. reached peak oil production in 1970, and there is no telling when global oil production will peak, but it is accepted that when it is gone the party is over. The sun, however, is the most reliable and abundant source of energy. This site will keep an updated log of new improvements to solar thermal and lists of projects currently planned or under construction. Please email us your comments at: [email protected] Abengoa’s PS10 project in Seville, Spain. Companies featured in this report: The Acciona Nevada Solar One plant. Solar Thermal Energy an Industry Report . Solar Thermal vs. Photovoltaic It is important to understand that solar thermal technology is not the same as solar panel, or photovoltaic, technology. Solar thermal electric energy generation concentrates the light from the sun to create heat, and that heat is used to run a heat engine, which turns a generator to make electricity. The working fluid that is heated by the concentrated sunlight can be a liquid or a gas. Different working fluids include water, oil, salts, air, nitrogen, helium, etc. Different engine types include steam engines, gas turbines, Stirling engines, etc. All of these engines can be quite efficient, often between 30% and 40%, and are capable of producing 10’s to 100’s of megawatts of power.
    [Show full text]
  • Particulate Matter Emissions from Hybrid Diesel-Electric and Conventional Diesel Transit Buses: Fuel and Aftertreatment Effects
    TTitle Page PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS FROM HYBRID DIESEL-ELECTRIC AND CONVENTIONAL DIESEL TRANSIT BUSES: FUEL AND AFTERTREATMENT EFFECTS August 2005 JHR 05-304 Project 03-8 Final Report to Connecticut Transit (CTTRANSIT) and Joint Highway Research Advisory Council (JHRAC) of the Connecticut Cooperative Highway Research Program Britt A. Holmén, Principal Investigator Zhong Chen, Aura C. Davila, Oliver Gao, Derek M. Vikara, Research Assistants Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of Connecticut This research was sponsored by the Joint Highway Research Advisory Council (JHRAC) of the University of Connecticut and the Connecticut Department of Transportation and was performed through the Connecticut Transportation Institute of the University of Connecticut. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the University of Connecticut or the Connecticut Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. JHR 05-304 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS FROM HYBRID DIESEL- August 2005 ELECTRIC AND CONVENTIONAL DIESEL TRANSIT BUSES: 6. Performing Organization Code FUEL AND AFTERTREATMENT EFFECTS JH 03-8 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Britt A. Holmén, Zhong Chen, Aura C. Davila, Oliver Gao, Derek M. JHR 05-304 Vikara 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) University of Connecticut N/A Connecticut Transportation Institute 177 Middle Turnpike, U-5202 11.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Building Integrated Solar Thermal (Bist)
    enewa f R bl o e ls E a n t e n r e g Journal of y m a a n d d Zhang et al., n u A J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl 2015, 5:5 F p f p Fundamentals of Renewable Energy o l i l ISSN: 2090-4541c a a DOI: 10.4172/2090-4541.1000182 n t r i o u n o s J and Applications Review Article Open Access Building Integrated Solar Thermal (BIST) Technologies and Their Applications: A Review of Structural Design and Architectural Integration Xingxing Zhang*1, Jingchun Shen1, Llewellyn Tang*1, Tong Yang1, Liang Xia1, Zehui Hong1, Luying Wang1, Yupeng Wu2, Yong Shi1, Peng Xu3 and Shengchun Liu4 1Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China 2Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, UK 3Beijing Key Lab of Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China 4Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, Tianjin University of Commerce, China Abstract Solar energy has enormous potential to meet the majority of present world energy demand by effective integration with local building components. One of the most promising technologies is building integrated solar thermal (BIST) technology. This paper presents a review of the available literature covering various types of BIST technologies and their applications in terms of structural design and architectural integration. The review covers detailed description of BIST systems using air, hydraulic (water/heat pipe/refrigerant) and phase changing materials (PCM) as the working medium. The fundamental structure of BIST and the various specific structures of available BIST in the literature are described.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Load Information of 2.5 Kva Power Inverter and 5.0 Kva Operational Capacity of Photovoltaic Inverter
    International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Sciences, Technology & Engineering | ISSN: 2488-9849 Vol. 4, Issue 8 (August 2018) ASSESSMENT OF LOAD INFORMATION OF 2.5 KVA POWER INVERTER AND 5.0 KVA OPERATIONAL CAPACITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC INVERTER IKIRIGO JUSTIN Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Physics Option), Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe, Nigeria. And OWUTUAMOR FREDERICK TOUN AND ONITA CHUCKWUKA LOVEDAY Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe, Nigeria. ABSTRACT An inverter is a motor control that varies and influences the speed of an Alternating Current induction motor. This is achieved by varying the frequency produced by an AC power to the motor. The study looked at the assessment of load information of 2.5 kVA power inverter and 5.0 KVA operational capacity of photovoltaic inverter. The analysis of 5KVA inverter reveals that Vout (converter) has a required voltage of 48.0 V and yielded an output of 100 V which is 48% voltage difference. Vout (inverter) has a required voltage of 220 V and yielded an output of 220 V which is 100% voltage produced. Pout (converter) has a required power of 700mW and yielded an output of 0.15Mw which is 0.021% less in power difference. Pout (inverter) has a required power of 5kVA and yielded an output of 2.09kVA which is 41.8% less in power difference. Iout (inverter) required is 22.7 A and current output yielded is 9.53 A this also show a percentage difference of 42%. The voltage production of household items is blender, bread toaster, electric iron and energy saver lamp has voltage range of 330, 330, 550 and 110 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • March 7, 2016
    LIVINGSTON COUNTY BOARD PROPERTY COMMITTEE MINUTES OF MARCH 7, 2016 Committee Chair Mike Ingles called the meeting to order at 6:00 p.m. in the committee meeting room in the Historic Livingston County Courthouse. Present: Ingles, Weber, Arbogast, Bunting, Flott, Weller Absent: Ritter Also Present: Chairman Marty Fannin, Alina Hartley (Administrative Resource Specialist), Chad Carnahan (Facility Services Manager), John Clemmer (Finance Resource Specialist), Jon Sear (Network & Computer Systems Administrator), Treasurer Barb Sear, Jail Superintendent Bill Cox, Ingles then called for any additional changes to the agenda with none being requested. Motion by Arbogast, second by Weller to approve the agenda as presented. MOTION CARRIED WITH ALL AYES. The Committee reviewed the minutes of the February 1, 2016 meeting. Ingles noted that the date had been changed from January 4th to February 1st. Motion by Bunting, second by Flott to approve the minutes of the February 1, 2016 meeting as amended. MOTION CARRIED WITH ALL AYES. Monthly Department Report – Chad Carnahan reviewed the monthly department report with the Committee, a copy of which is attached to these minutes. Carnahan reported that as directed he obtained quotes for the installation of a stand-by generator for the H&E Building. Carnahan stated that the project is estimated at $10,000. Ingles questioned whether the generator could be moved if the departments moved into another building, with the response being yes. Discussion took place. Motion by Weller, second by Bunting to proceed with the purchase and installation of a new generator for the H&E Building. MOTION CARRIED ON ROLL CALL VOTE.
    [Show full text]
  • Microgeneration Impact on LV Distribution Grids: a Review of Recent Research on Overvoltage Mitigation Techniques
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH A.Manzoni and R.Castro, Vol.6, No.1, 2016 Microgeneration Impact on LV Distribution Grids: A Review of Recent Research on Overvoltage Mitigation Techniques António Manzoni*, Rui Castro**‡ *Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal ** INESC-ID/IST, University of Lisbon, Portugal ‡ Corresponding Author; Rui Castro, INESC-ID/IST, University of Lisbon, Portugal, Tel: +351 21 8417287, [email protected] Received: 17.12.2015- Accepted:16.01.2016 Abstract-Nowadays, due to the increasing rate of microgeneration penetration in Low Voltage distribution networks, overvoltage and power quality issues are more likely to occur in a more and more bidirectional operating grid. This paper offers a recent review on the main techniques available to mitigate and regulate voltage profile: PV generation curtailment, reactive power support, automatic voltage regulation transformers, and battery or super-capacitors energy storage systems. Whenever possible, published results in real and test low voltage grids are called to support each given example. KeywordsOvervoltage mitigation techniques; PV curtailment; Reactive power support; OLTC transformers; Battery Energy Storage. List of acronyms 1. Introduction G – Microgeneration In the last years, there have been major efforts from PV – Photovoltaic governments all over the world and also from European EPIA – European Photovoltaic Industry Association organizations to grow a strong concept of environmental LV – Low Voltage awareness. People have been warned to change consumption DG – Distributed Generation patterns, to reduce fuel fossil consumption and carbon PF – Power Factor emissions. It is in this perspective that renewable energy and, DSO – Distribution System Operator specifically, microgeneration (G) concept arises.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Scenarios Modelling for Renewable Energy Development in Southern Morocco
    ISSN 1848-9257 Journal of Sustainable Development Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water of Energy, Water and Environment Systems and Environment Systems http://www.sdewes.org/jsdewes http://www.s!ewes or"/js!ewes Year 2021, Volume 9, Issue 1, 1080335 Water Scenarios Modelling for Renewable Energy Development in Southern Morocco Sibel R. Ersoy*1, Julia Terrapon-Pfaff 2, Lars Ribbe3, Ahmed Alami Merrouni4 1Division Future Energy and Industry Systems, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Döppersberg 19, 42103 Wuppertal, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2Division Future Energy and Industry Systems, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Döppersberg 19, 42103 Wuppertal, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 3Institute for Technology and Resources Management, Technical University of Cologne, Betzdorferstraße 2, 50679 Köln, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 4Materials Science, New Energies & Applications Research Group, Department of Physics, University Mohammed First, Mohammed V Avenue, P.O. Box 524, 6000 Oujda, Morocco Institut de Recherche en Energie Solaire et Energies Nouvelles – IRESEN, Green Energy Park, Km 2 Route Régionale R206, Benguerir, Morocco e-mail: [email protected] Cite as: Ersoy, S. R., Terrapon-Pfaff, J., Ribbe, L., Alami Merrouni, A., Water Scenarios Modelling for Renewable Energy Development in Southern Morocco, J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst., 9(1), 1080335, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d8.0335 ABSTRACT Water and energy are two pivotal areas for future sustainable development, with complex linkages existing between the two sectors. These linkages require special attention in the context of the energy transition.
    [Show full text]
  • Power Inverter User's Manual
    Power Inverter Diamond Series CPD1200EILCD User’s Manual 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS…………………………..4 2 INSTALLATION……..………………………………………………..5 2-1 Unpacking………………………………………………………............5 2-2 Product Overview & Outlook…………………………………………..5 2-3 Power Requirements of Your Equipment…...………………………..7 2-4 Hardware Installation Guide……..…………………………………….7 3 DEFINITIONS FOR ILLUMINATED LCD INDICATORS…...........9 4 OPERATION & CONFIGURATION……………………………….11 Power On/Off..……………………………………………………………...11 Function Setup……...…………………….…...……………….................11 Audible Alarm……………………….…...……………………..................11 Function Setup Guide……….…..…………………………….................11 5 TROUBLESHOOTING……………………………………………..14 6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.………………………………….16 3 1 IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS (SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS) Before attempting to unpack, install, or operate the product, please read and follow all instructions carefully. CAUTION! To prevent the risk of fire or electric shock, install in a temperature and humidity controlled indoor area free of conductive contaminants. (Please see Technical Specifications section for acceptable temperature and humidity range.) CAUTION! The product must be installed in a protected environment away from heat-emitting appliances such as a radiator or heat register. The location should provide adequate air flow around the product for proper ventilation. CAUTION! To reduce the risk of injury, use cables come with the product. Use appropriate and certified external battery cables. CAUTION! To reduce risk of damage and injury, use batteries with good quality. CAUTION! Risk of electric shock. DO NOT remove the cover. No user serviceable parts inside. CAUTION! Provide adequate ventilation for the battery compartment. The battery enclosure should be designed to prevent accumulation and concentration of hydrogen gas at the top of the compartment. CAUTION! A battery can present a risk of electrical shock and high short circuit current.
    [Show full text]