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University of Southampton Research Repository University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: Author (Year of Submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University Faculty or School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Data: Author (Year) Title. URI [dataset] UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON Faculty of Humanities A study of a multilingual student community’s language practices and perceptions at a Korean international university by Jaewon Ra Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2017 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES School of Modern Languages and Linguistics Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy A study of a multilingual student community’s language practices and perceptions at a Korean international university by Jaewon Ra The number of incoming international students in Korean higher education (HE) has been steadily increasing by virtue of the intensification of internationalization policies in Korean universities. These students not only experience the local language and culture but are also exposed to various other linguacultures through social participation in international communities. Although South Korea is part of Kachru's (2005) Expanding Circle context, a great number of international students in Korean HE use English as a lingua franca (ELF) as the main source of communication. Moreover, in many cases, they creatively exploit their multilingual ELF resources to negotiate meaning and identity. This implies that the role of English in Korean HE has become of paramount importance and that English should no longer be associated with dominant standard ideologies. However, empirical research on international students in terms of their socialization through ELF practices in Korean HE has been very scarce. Therefore, this study explores this issue by examining international students’ practices and perceptions in the multilingual ELF context of a Korean university. Grounded in the communities of practice (CoP) framework, this study adopted a qualitative ethnographic approach to closely observe nine students from Malaysia, South Africa, Lithuania, Japan, Germany, the US and France. Data was collected over one academic semester at a university in Seoul. The main sources of data were audio- recordings of naturally occurring group conversations and interviews and these were supplemented by documents, social media, fieldnotes and a research diary. Empirical evidence provided a profound understanding of the fluid, hybrid and intricate nature of ‘languaging’ and culture formation in the community. The participants portrayed their creative and innovative use of multilingual resources in ELF communication. The use of ELF became meaningful through the negotiation of the participants in localized ways. The participants also revealed adaptability and localization of their identities through liminal and transcultural spaces. Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... i List of Figures and Tables ............................................................................................. vii Declaration of Authorship .............................................................................................ix Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................xi Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. xiii Transcription conventions ........................................................................................... xv Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 Rationale and research questions ........................................................................... 1 Defining ELF .............................................................................................................. 4 Structure of thesis .................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2 Internationalization of higher education .................................................. 11 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 11 Internationalization of higher education ............................................................... 11 Global student mobility ................................................................................... 14 Study abroad and intercultural citizenship ............................................................ 16 Internationalization of Korean higher education .................................................. 18 The history of internationalization of Korean higher education and recent internationalization policies .................................................................... 18 Issues of internationalization of Korean higher education ............................. 22 Research on academic ELF ..................................................................................... 24 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 26 Chapter 3 Language, multilingualism and identity .................................................... 27 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 27 Conceptualizing language ...................................................................................... 28 Multilingual repertoire........................................................................................... 30 Multilingualism and translanguaging..................................................................... 32 ELF from a multilingual perspective ...................................................................... 36 Language and identity ............................................................................................ 39 i Table of Contents Third space and liminality................................................................................ 42 Identity in global and multilingual settings ..................................................... 44 Identity and the community of practice.......................................................... 45 Identity in ELF research ................................................................................... 48 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 50 Chapter 4 Culture and community in relation to language ......................................... 53 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 53 Language and culture ............................................................................................ 54 Conceptualizing culture ................................................................................... 54 Sapir-Whorf hypothesis ................................................................................... 57 Language socialization ..................................................................................... 59 4.2.3.1 Second language socialization .............................................................. 60 Languaculture in global flows .......................................................................... 61 Conceptualizing community .................................................................................. 64 Discourse community ...................................................................................... 66 Communities of practice ................................................................................. 68 Research on ELF communities of practice....................................................... 70 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 73 Chapter 5 Methodology ............................................................................................ 75 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 75 Research aim and questions .................................................................................. 75 An ethnographically informed qualitative approach ............................................ 76 Seeing a ‘community of practice’ through the ethnographic lens .................. 79 Research context and participants ........................................................................ 82 Choosing the participants: snowball sampling ...............................................
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