E· EPISCOPAL CHURCHPEOPLE for a FREE SOUTHERN AFRICA C 339 Lafayette Street, New York, N.Y. 10012.2725 S (212) 4n-0066 FAX: (212) 979-1013 A .#147 6 April 1994
't' THE INDEPENDENT 20 TheGuardian British police TUESDAY 5 APRIL 1994 to help force
SA opinion polls say inS. Africa' THE GUARDIAN ANC is assured of Tuesday April 5 1994
aegis of the European Union. It David lerufont lit will be led by the Assistant electoral victory ..0 ...... 1141,. .. ctlrl. MoG..... ItI ...... CollUIl.!s&iotler. Keith Biddle. an with ~ lMincsa of boldintJ free expen in counter-temlrism Qt. and fair dettiODS, the rd'uIal Dl tached to the Home omce. ChidButhelezi to heed the popuillC RITAIN is sending a Ta.sk grtl\lP members will be will hu ted to tantiDuing tensiol1 team of about 40 top attached to regional police KwaZu!u will bs~ i13 own fedcn1 .between IDbtha aad ~Csupport policeomcers to South hea psrJiameDl afkr Ihe elecrioos: crs in the Zulu IOWDlbips. The deC- B Despite Cbief Buthelezi'l - ind . lInbao of• I~e ofemergcaC)' lui ' seetthe Ioca1 l101ice amid new toral ColUllliss1on. in ZwelilhiDi's - Thursday has di controversy over the alleged Lieutenant·General Basie Zulu 0118 Goodwill iD NataliKwaZulu of senior rommand· call fur "the Zulu Dation" DOt 110 .inilhed the nllJDber af violel1t volvement Smit. deputy coltlDlissioner of ers ma plot to de8tab1lise the the South African pol1ce. and YOIe, balfoflnkat!»s $UPport~ Mid tlasbpointJ,uc.ordin:g to the poIiee. country. they were delermmed to do Se), '. ba' hu' had.little UIIpaet OJ! the Lieutenant·Gueral Johan Ie The row has provoked 'un TheSlmIla:! r_' mott campre- death rate, whicb yeslerday climbed Rowe were due to return from ,hm1i'e DmoDai poll abo put ~ .1boYe 60 for the lasl five daY'- . precedented exchanges be "leave" today after giving the ANC colDfortably ahead ofInbtha. . Hopes tor peace weorc bol&tered tween two Supreme Court GoldstoDe Commission of in· judges over a1leptiOni by one in Naw. II also allowed that sup;. :)I'eS~ by Dews of the imminCDt Quiry 10 dayS to prove they port b Inbths among Whiles,. .mYeJlD South Africa ofthe lionner that the other had ID1eared the were leaders of the scrcalled which .... high io November. bas VS aaewy ofatate HeDry Kis:sin force. Third Force. Yirtua1Iy cased (() c::ml. . l!tfaI!-d Brilaio'a farmer fareian ae<:- In Natal, meanWhile. the Judge Goldstone returned to The paUl RinfOrce the wide- .KI81Y LonICarrin,ton.on I media army is preparing £Or a big Johannesburg yesterday aitllr a apread perception dlat the maiD. tloD miRian. crackdown on Inkatha under Wilt to Britain, and said he had ra. . eme~ncy. 1011 Chief Badlelezi is boy\lo(tUIJ A lCnior ANC official. wbo did the reeionalstate of received substantial further in· die clettioDl. iad~ is tryiolJ to IIOt wi&h to identified, laid talks be Government intelliience formation relating to his publi· hold the eam demlX:raric prooca lWUD the ANC aod lakadaa would SOtU'ces &aid tM crackdown cation of the Thlrd Force allega. 10 1'Il1$001 wilb the threat of ''ciw tate place over me Den few days to would go ahead ifFtlday's swn· tions last month. He Aid he Mango. war". is ilia difficulty '!rim tAe 00- JlRPIR the polllld CDr the _dia· ilUi involving Chief would hand the material to an WJD of bcalming U qIpOSitioll tors' urinl. suthu Buthelezl. or fore1&!1 me intemational team to as&e$S the poIiticiaD., "My undct8l2Ilding is Wt KU- diation,failed to prodUce a evidence. As to the mlSOD w~y the ANC is .aer uel Caningron ...•iD ar swift reduction in violence. He $0 crit:ldsed a fellow continued in 5IteddingIOlIlC ofils,ole.it appean me dais lIR'Ck." Mid the ANC om The slaughter member or the bench who had pro~ - 12 tel be dDc (() the ~ioll taien col- c:ial. lidding Wt dae mcdiMon' the with at least suggested the commission be more deaths ovem1Cht - it up keth'e1y by ~c ANC and the gov- reoommc:udations Wtluld Il()[ lie wound alter it had spread seen as confirmation that influ ernmeat tD introduoe. double bel- biodial. "1'hey,.ill be hue to me suspicion and d1strust aea1nst ential elements within Inkatha the force 1nternat1onlilly. lD( SYSlem for the llaDaDai and d4te, 80t to adlitnte," he laid. the provincialparlialIIeDe;,. SomuOle:rll Spcal.illl ill StaICl, Intend to Pre68 ahead with The attAck on the commis the Uaited campaign wreck IIOW Iccaa disposed 10 McI&ing their Mr KiaaiaIJU laid he _ honoured to the vote. sion came last week from Mt An Inkatha mareh through Justice Smit as he passed judg bets aud ,p!itting dIcK YOtCi 011 to be asked to .ediate. "1 IUD wait .o~ Empangeni in northern Natal ment on 17 hostel dwe1la's con polling day. lAg liac precise terms of refer- today will be the first test of the Ifdae rcsula oflheSrut4ay Tr-r enoe and the bi&h-l~l meeting be victed of responsibility for the securl.ty forces' w1l\ingn.ess to 1992 Boipatong massacre in naCODa! poll hold fJnll men four tweeD tk pUlics whicll i' takiq enforce a ban on carrying arms NP ministers would accompany a place on Friday.~ he said. which 45 people were killed. under the emersellCy ~' Judge Yiee-prc:aideDt FW de Klerk ill the Today Inkaw is dlle tel ItoId s Judge Smit accused tiona. The South African D& Goldstone of accepting tbe evi cabinetofme toalition lo"CmmeDt .arc:h in the nonhera Natll towa fence Force baa deployed UOO dence of two witnl!.S$8S who of IHtioaal UDity that will rule ofEaapaDlleni. It is expected 10 pro troops in the province. ~ were proven l1ars that police Soutll Afriat far the fine liyc yean vide. stifflen ofthe ability and The ANC said yesterday that were responsible for the after lIIe dection. solve ofthe army, deployed in DUID- Henry Kissinger and Lord Car· massacre. Whilc 111011 ofthe country, II the ben in lhe province ioUOIlWmg rington were due to arrive thi$ In his statement yetlterday, polls now COIlclllsively sbow. wolild Uapll6itiaD l)( the scate of emn'· week to mediate betwee:l the Judge Goldstone said the two like nothing more than to get on pIIC)', to QOI1tain the killinp. ANC and Inkatha. But it is un· wltnes.ses were produced by the likely tpey will go unless they police, and that his report on are l!IVlted by qreement at fri tM Boipatong inquiry still had day'S summit. to be published. The British police team going out this week will be part of an ll(H;trong task ~up under the Suddenly Chief Buthelezi is talking peace, not war In a head-on clash, his opponents have called his bluff Fight goes outofZulu warriol THE writing is on the wall for No he did DOt: The: official Tht;: fear now WIlS that the war- was clearly "traumatiled" by did not 'oin iIi the enthu~~tK; Chief Mangosuthu Buthele-Li, riors would wrellk vengeance on the lcilling& 01'1 Moud.lly and did a ilUSC was er. and be knows it. the townships. In6tead !hr;y re- :. not know what he was sayini- IS hold over the KwaZulu The decision ot President trr;ated to their h~tels. In the Durban srudio, Jaeob ildministtatlon is shaky. After F W ae Klerk on ThursclllY to The next day Chief Buthe- Zuma, the ANC'5 candidate for the ell:ctiQo&, tile fl!nd~ 1Iol:rl send South African Defence lui snarled lUld raged lind called lovernor - or prt;:mier - of Pretoria on which rbe 11 me- Force troops irlto his KWlIZulu off, witb King Goodwill's sup-. Natal / KwaZulu. expressed his Illn e f fiefdom has shaken his willllnd port, a summit pl8lU\ed for horror at the killiniS of ANC its udger w..ill .d.r.¥ .\U2.. and the destroyed lilii capacity to wrec.k Wednesdlly with Mr de Klerk and lnbtha officials, and noted c1VilS~ServSJWlliUiu police the country's firsr dc::mocratJc and Mr Mandela. The "war" his own homestead had been iDc 1.1 _ar~ ;llte~esrless. elections later this montb. $hiftcd ~ to the NatalI Kwa- burnt down a few days earlier. - e National Party gavem- Tht;: Zulu LT.iJ war between Zulu ~~it. Thllt nighr five %Mot of Mr de Klerk, as offi- ~ppo!ten; of Chief Buthele2i's young AN affjCI'alII were Iurcd Chief Buthelezi' came in cl'als will r--"ily...... c;on~~d~...... I'n lnkiitha party and Nellion Man to an Inkathll hostel tor "pe~ and, meekness itself, said be privlltf;:. hiUi lo~t all patience dela's ,toJricall National Con ta1lcs" and mown down with agreed with rtI\1ch of what Mt with Ch.ief ButhelezL It views gress will be containod suffici AK47s, in revengefor tbe events Zumll hlld said ond, "II fight to him as an ami.democrat and a ently to allow reasonably free in Johannesburg. The Natali the finish" now IIpparently for- volatilt;: troublemuer. The and fair c:.1cctions. preventing In Kwazulu death toll for March, gotlt;:n, e::xprew;:apartheid of a new province, NatalI Kwa The emergency regulations, jo1n:the I:ll:ch0!lt: years, to play the game against Zulu. When he realised On the as published by the government, Why has ChIef Butht;:l<:,ti thr; ANC with loaded dic.:~. evidence of ,,11 tbe opinion polls werl;: clearly targeted at lnkatha. backped:llled so dramatically? When states of emergency werl: that the ANC would defeat him inr~pof\se to its weU-chroni- The point is that his power imposed in the 19i1Os, it was even on his Zulu turf, be madt;: .cled tactics to di~rupt the elec- has nevcr been at a lower r;bb only ANC loyalists who were common cause with tbt;: racist tions. Fines and/or impri:;on- than it i~ today, tht;: biilanCl: (1£ detained. never lokatha sup- white right. pulled out of cons~i ment face tbose contravening iorces never more unfavourable potters, however heinous their rutional negotiatioIU and s31d rt;:gulations that prohibit; ,. to his cause. Five years ago, be- (;rimt;:6. That has now changed he would not tllke part in tbe Qt'gaImliiS\ffiauiho~ ,,1~iol4. Cl mill- fore: the democratic process be- forever, and Chief Buthelezi is His fall-back option taly or piii'iiiiilltlllY trauung or gan, everyth in!: sec:med to be fac~d with two choices. was to seek refuge in patriotism ~ uSi: and ecnstructi~ o~ . going his w:\-y. He enjoyed the Either he !lIkeS pllrt in the and demand the esttlblilihment w~POI)& and ammunJqon; enrhu~i .. ~tic support of the clt:etion$ and pr~plIres himself of a Zulu kingdom to rule aU of ClInrerf!rence With lawful pth- West. notably Margaret That- for the prospect of opposition Natal and KwaZulu. erinks (in terms of this regula- cht;:r. whose official doon; were politics _ although this option last Suuday, warning once rkrn; no person lUlly threaten iUways open ro him; be enjoyed might bI; logistically im~ble mOre of imminent civil war, he others or intimidate them); the backing of South African lit this lare stage; or, more like- declared the stage was set for "a o Conlnlvening the prohioition business; he exercised unchal- !y. he cuts a deal this week with fight to the fIMh with tbe on the carrymS all" di~p!R):..Q.f lenged, Ilutoeratic rule Over Mr Mandela and Mr de KJerk. ANC". Whar a difference a weaPons. including firt;:lrtnS, Kwazulu; he had the support of whem:lly King GoodwiU is con- wt;:ek makl;:~. ali.'it;:gais, ~, 3J(I;S, pattgll!i the Prt;:toria iovemm~nt and, stitutionally assured of his king- Early On MondllY morning and knobkieri above all, the security forces in dam, a' new monarchic- tier of Ink-lltha warriors invaded cen . n Thvrsday night Chie! his war against tht;: ANC lUId iu. government is created, with tral JohannCliburg. They arrivt;:d Buthr;lt;:Zi appellft;:d on a current THE OBSERVER i. The Buthelezi henchman who leaves mass murderin his wake THERE can be few aocieties ~ection and dembiJised the tood, the pseudonym ot the crucial piece of evidence that a where a man implicated by a ju'· country. Two events sparked the political columnist in Buid, the detective looki for; motive. The ditial commission in mass mur- ·olence. Snipers in the building$ !irgest Atrikaans-laniuaie daiiy ANC, apparently u6ure:d of vic der and named .., an &aent of surrounding Library Gardens newspaper in South Africa, tory in the ele:ction, had lca~.t to sinister force I whose aim il to fited on the aowd. there. Mean lutched a more plausible Ice pin from rurning Johannesburg labot,ge democratic reforms while, ci~\H blocks away at Shell nario, pointing out that a key as mto a bloodbath. could 10 daysl'ter organise pub- Hou,se, the .\NC's headquartcn, pect of the Goldstone Commis Also puzzling is the a..ault on' lie chaos in the counoy's COm- ANC SUards opened tire on·the sion's investisuions is the Shell Ho\Ue. ANC intelligence mercial c:apita! and blame it on crowd. Both events happened at involvement of private ICcuricy had forewamed the police of this his rivals. 'about the same time, but it it the companie:s in Third Force potsibility but inexplicably they Thcrnba Khoza, the Transvaal fint that holda the mOst unan operations. did nothing to cordon off or pro leader of Chief Manaosutbu Iwcrtd Cluesoons. 'Whoebe, other than trU&ted tect the building. According to ~uthelezi" Icltatha Freedom Who were the snipers who and known aecurity allards, eyewitne:s"s, ANC security PartY,i, not a man to fall on his tired on LotatY Gardens, rtsult could gain access to office blocks IWrds opened fire on a provoca sword. AJ organiser of lnkatha's ing in counter-tire, confusion and aroWld the Ubt'8ry Gardens with tive but not immediarely thre:at bloody incursion into Johannes- death? 1nkatha blamed the A."l\JC. weapons, gain access to the roof, ening crowd. Their trigger-happy burg last Monday, in which 31 However, it would have bee:n vir tire a few Ihots at the crowd and behaviour handed Kho~ an u people died, he has made an Nally impos£ible for ANCguer leave the building unhindered expected bonus. enormoU$ amount of political rillal armed with AK--47s to gain or, even better, continue with the At his firlot press conference capital, condemning the African acce" to high-seeurity buildings security of the building?' he last Monday, Kho~a blamed National Congress for the tnassa- and leave again, unde:tccted. At wrote. 'ANC agents prw(U4tlUI'$' for the: Crt ofhi~ followers. the very least, why wc:rc they not The common poinr be'tween chaos, but by the next day the Four weeks 1&0, The Oburwr ,poned by police, who, accord Iniutha'i and the ANe's vcr fOCU6 had switched exclusively to named Khoza a& a ausp¢Ct in last 'ina to ~jor Kobus Peche, iet up ,i~;H ill that the: mlUSIIcre the 'massacre of Shell House', November's Nqutu massacre in observation postS on top of tht resulted from a conspirllcy. The the more clear-cut mst.ll1lce of Natal province in which 11 ANC buildings? question i$: whose conspiracyi' ANC wronsdoing. supporters died and where a Khoza, by his Own ac1mis$ion, LaSt Thuuday night, Khoza promising investisation by police had fotdc.nowledge of the events. appeared on Talk At Nine, a pop wal quashed by lnkatha loyalistll He had such 'reliable informa· ular radio talk show in the Wit in the Kwazull.1 homeland. tion' that the: ANC was going to watersrand. Mary, an Afrikaner Four years '80, Khoza was inliltrate ",gmrs prowcauurs into from 'south Johannesburg, as caught .t a roadblock with the march that he informed the lured Khoza that 'many thou AK-47 assault rifles and a bomb Commissioner of Police on Sun sands of white, are right behind in his boot, driving from a battle: day night. you'. Eddie, a nec-Nazi from the at a Witwatersrand boatel in M Lood points out, Khou Orange Free Stare, offered wbicb ~O people had just died. A eould have 'known in advance Khoza the support of the Boer magistrate accepted Khou', what wat going to happen and nation: Mosel from Soweto was ItOry that the arms were a plant. Wit setting up the: ANC. Shortly less complimentary. 'When I Two weeka ago, the Goldstone before th~ shooting at Library hear your voice on the radio, I'm Commisaion publici$ed prima Gardena, Khon - who wu always depressed simply be~use J~ evidence that KhoZQ was II there - received • mcuage on yOll always come to the radio on paid police agent and central or his pager from Inkatha'i 'Durban tOP of the corpses of our people. pouer of so-called Third Force Information Office': 'ANC pr() When Our people die, Thembll activitic:1l, includini the planning vocateun placed among match l Brother is fighting In the area near the town of brother as a proud Empangeni, dozens have died in martial nation tears the past few weeks - brother Kriegler, who has repeatedly tion to a minor . No longer our king - '-. Despite the ANC's disarray on against brother, Zulu against proved himself tough enough for functionary. You've taken sides,' read one of e ground, the end ofthe road is itself apart, writes Zulu, blacks slaughtering blacks the electoral hot seat, reported to . The fact that he is able to carry e banners. last in sight for Buthelezi. Last Phillip van Nlekerk over the election to end white De K1erk and ANC president so many people with him into this I e s IpS week, other homelands collapsed in ~mpangeni, Natal. minority rule. Nelson Mandela that, under cur last desperate stand can only be are ANC strongholds, the.~ all around him, the police gener President F. W. de K1erk yes rent conditions, electioneering in understood from the vantage the chiefs and the Zulu tradition- als who connived with his move- terday travelled to Durban, in KwaZulu would be frustrated, point of the KwaZulu capital of ment in the violence were ex WHAT it remarkable about alistBfWH1I of ~e Jm~0rt!pr SC Natal, to meet the homeland's with the 'grave risk' of violence Ulundi, a town where there are graplC mar;r, [e u e;lra osed and suspended, and his brothers Vini and Bheld ChiefMinister and Inkatha presi and the possibility of only sev no independent newspapen and River, IS pervasive a . arch-rivals, the ANC, tightened Mthethwa is that they are still on dent, Mangosuthu Buthelezi. It erely limited balloting. no opposition, where the net rein orce y nkatha fighters its grip on power. speaking terms. What is not un was one last attempt to secure, if The implication of Kriegler's works of tribal chiefs and the wh09re bettlS trainee! In mihtary De K1erk's visit to U1undi was usual in the current state of Zulu not Buthelezi's participation in report is that Buthelezi is now KwaZulu police have become s a last attempt to knock some politics is that they are also trying caIDK }t;orihernTIlatal. the election, at least his promise skirting close to defying the law fearsome instruments of the rul I e C, wnlch as been em- sense into Buthelezi, to let him to kill each other. to allow free and fair elections in - and that only a massive secu ing Inkatha Freedom Party. broiled in its own factional dis know that the National Party's The two Mthethwas are senior KwaZulu, which lies inside rity intervention will save the Buthelezi has secured active putes north of the river, is in no soft-pedalling with Inkatha is 80IllI ofone ofthe most powerful Natal, and to avoid what De election on 26-28 April. This has enthusiasm for his regime by position to fight back, says the over, and that De K1erk no longer chiee. Dear Empangeru in the K1erk calls 'painful action'. strengthened the ANC's position skilfully using the proud symbols former northern Natal chairman, has the power to defend his erst Zulu heartland of South Africa's This followed the failed mis that strict measures be taken, to of Zulu martial tradition, and Aaron Ndlovu. while allies. The tanks are liter Natal province. sion on Wednesday by the chair-. the extent of replacing the manipulating King Goodwill Ndlovu says that, when he was ally waiting to roll in. Vini it the local warlord for the man of the Independent Elec KwaZulu administration. At the welithini to reinforce peoplc's hainnan, he used guerillas to The final act of a political Inkatha Freedom Party. He toral Commission, Mr Justice very least, the mass deployment oyalties. train the youths in the forests. He drama is drawing near. never travela to the post office Johann Kricgler.. Kriegler and his of South African troops in the The Zulu political tradition admits that they killed Inkatha In the Zulu tradition, history is without two armed bodyguards. team were jcered and heckled at area is imminent. as not always 80 reactionary. leaders, though 'we did not aim very important. Chief Mthembu him Recently, it waa reported to the KwaZulu Legislative Assem The answer to the puzzle of Old Zulu chieh, such as 89-year to engage in the kind ofwholesale fondly holds up the assegai [srab that he was on a hit-list of bly, which was packed with chiefs why Buthelezi would want to ob old James Mthembu, remember laughter that Inkatha does. We bing spear] that his father used Inkatha leaden targeted for as and loyal civil servants, when he struct an election that transfers working with ANC Zulu leaders ere simply identifying the war when rhe Zulus defeated the Brit sassination, which had been went to plcad with Buthelezi to power to the black majority is including John Dube and Albert lords and meeting them on their ish at the banle of Isandlwana in drawn up by his brother. Bheki it permit free and fair clections. because the alternative is obliv Luthuli in Natal between the terms'. 1879. the local kingpin of the African Chcered on by the gallery, ion. The election signals the end Twenties and Sixties, before Ir is a war that Buthelezi knows National Congress 'comrades', seven KwaZulu leaders rose one of the KwaZulu homeland. Par Buthelezi hijacked the Zulu polit well, not only because he is an unemployed youths wbo lurk by one to declare thcir resistance ticipation "Yould have meant the ic.1 tradition and split it from the avid student of Zulu history, but outside hi. general store in case to the elections and the 'dcstruc probable defeat of Inkatha even rest ofthe liberation movemenr. because he played King ofan attack by Vini's gang. tion ofthe Zulu kingdom'. in Natal, and Buthelezi's relega- Nor is loyalty to the king abso Cetewayo in Zulu, the film ver The latest chapter in nearly a lute. King Goodwill has called sion ofthat war. - decade ofpolitical conflict in the ------, for an election boycott by his Mthembu rememben the last homesteads and rolling hill. of subjects and is demanding Zulu time a Zulu king got bad advice. Natal bas left more than 330 sovereignty over the entire Natal 'My father told me that some dead during the past six weeks. province. While he is revered by advisers told King Cetewayo not Supporters ofthe two brothers most Zulus, however, his word is to fight the British, bur a certain declare in the language of their nor law and he has alienated regimenr was confident they favourite sport, football, that the thousands of Zulus who want to would win and incited the king to two factions will be playing a vote and support the ANC in the rebel. 'final' against each other tbia e1ectio . 'At first, we won ar weekend. ng Goodwill's position was Islandwana, but then we were de rejected on Friday by tens of feared and we losr our land.' thousands ofZulus who rook part They oughl ro have known, in a march in Durban. They de said Mthembu, shaking his head. clared that he had betrayed them Buthe'eul Face. future •• 'The Zulus were carrying spears he no longer represented minor provine'" functiOlUlry. and the Brirish had guns.' 1--======:=.<.----.-... ¥ THE INDEPENDENT THURSDAY 24 MARCH 1994 'Police mafia threatens endless war in South Africa' clock protection for nearly two What was the motivation behind John Carlin in ears. the decisioD of the police to use He returned to South Africa in Inkatha to orchestrate the war on Pretoria spoke to July last year and h.as.JL~n working the towDships, to orgaDise the for the intelligence service of the killiDgs on the trains? "First, they African Naticr on ess. e caD't bear the idea ofserviDg UDder Dirk Coetzee, ga ere mformation on testa e's the old 'CommuDist', 'terrorist', terror Detworks by reactivating 'anti-Christ' enemy, the ANC. They in the former links with his old partners iD crime. still think they caD cause havoc to Judge Go1dstone's revelations were prevent democracy aDd majority assassin's first an endorsement of everything Mr rule - look at Natal right DOW. Coetzee has beeD alleging. SecODd, they love the power they "I flew into Johannesburg on have in the family. They've been press interview Sunday 4 July last year without any governing the country, for God's ODe - not the ANC, not Scotland sake! Look at Basie Smit defying Yard - knowing about it. I was iso De Klerk and saying he's being since returning to lated and lonely in London and treated like a prostitute - that's above all desperate because I knew what he said in the papers on Sun that I had the information to stop his homeland day. But a prostitute is more honest, the killings. I had to come back to do my bit. ; far, far more than these guys." THE outcome of the battle raging "One thing I can do now is talk to . Proof of the hold the police have between President FW de Klerk the international team of investiga n De Klerk is provided, accordiDg and his police generals following tors coming out to look at Gold to Mr Coetzee, by the way in which the "third force" revelations last stone's findiDgs. The one thing they he has dealt with ColoDei de Kock. week will determine whether South must understand is that they're "De Kock is the biggest killer of Africa plunges into war or emerges dealing with a mafia. A big police them all. In Namibia, at the head of after next mODth's elections as a . the Koevoer (Crowbar) unit, he peaceful, stable democracy. . mafia workiDg with a junior part- would wipe out eDtire communities Dirk Coetzee, a fo~ ner, the smaller IDkatha mafia. Just loyal to Swapo. He killed over the capta~dM~a~look! Themba Khoza, the top border in SwazilaDd, where he'd go under the name of Parker on a false :~l~f t~~ co~e:~ d%e~~~d~~ J% ~;~~~ JorDe toc?:n ;~=: passport. He's gunned down dozeDs de Klerk's resolve to arrest the se- former's wa es! of ANC activists and now he's been Dior police officers implicated with e re like a close-knit family, organising the killiDgs in the town the Inkatha Freedom Party in a the senior officers in the security ships. Then there was the plot to four-year terror conspiracy that has police - they don't call it the secu- kill me in LoDdon. De Klerk was led to the deaths of thousands. told about that by John Major's of "De Klerk has always feared the rity police any more but it's still fice. He would have known too that police geDerals, that's why he's been there, tapping ANC phones, files on the British authorities deported led by the Dose by them," Mr ANC people still open. They go to him after he came in on another Coetzee said. "He's known they can each other's weddings, baptisms, false passport under the name of'de destabilise the whole democratic birthdays. They know all each oth Wet'. The British government process. That's why he hasn't acted er's sins. And I'm talking about the made a big stink about it, especially against them before. But he kDows Commissioner of Police, Johan van as he was working with Protestant that they are a mODster on the loose, der Merwe, who used to be chief of Ulster terrorists. that the security police set-up is a the security police, the guys named "And then what happeDs? On 30 Dirk Coetzee - 'You've got to huge mafia. Ifhe'd cracked the ma April last year De Kock officially put them behind bars, fia four years ago so many lives by GoldstoDe, like Basie Smit the leaves the police force with a pay especially De Kock, because could have beeD saved. Now he deputy commissioner, De Kock, ev out of Um RaDd (£240,000) then others will come forward can't delay the crunch aDY longer. erybody. I mean, don't tell me that authorised by the cabinet! A lieu and tell their stories who would He must hit them hard or the De Kock could have brought three tenant BRIEFING PAPER BP. V94 March 1994 TIIROWING LIGHT ON DETENTION "WITHOUT TRIAL Considerable confusion and misconceptions have recently arisen over the current status of DETENTION WITHOUT TRIAL in South Africa. In an effort to dispel this oonfusio~ HRe presents this Briefing Paper and at the same time takes this opportunity of re-stating its own position on the issue of Detention Without Trial (D.W.T.) THE SORRY RECORD OF THE PAST The pI3ctice of DWTby the Apartheid Government over the last 34 years resulted in the following:- - The detention of 80 000 persons including - aroWld 10 000 women - over 15 000 children (under I8) and for periods of up to 30 months. - The torture and abuse of countless thousands. - The deaths of 73 people while in detention. • The eventual relea~ without any charge whatsoever of 75% to 80% of all detainees. • The serving of banning ordeJ:S on over a thousand released detainees. . - The a>nviction of only 2% to 4% ofan those detained. CURRENT POWERS AND PRACIlCE Powers to detain without tJ:ial a.tn'e1ltly exist under • Intemal Secw:ity Act ([SA) - Public Safety Ad: (PSA) _ TBVC Legislation Intema1 Seauity Act fISA) The !SA is legislation which is in pemtanent operation. In 1982, numerous predecessor Ads were streamlined into one omru"bus security statute known as the Internal Sea.uity Ad No 74 of 1982 and this has since been amended on a few occasions. In teens of its powers of detention without trial it provided for 3 fotmS:- - Detention for interrogation 5ectian29 - Preventive detention Sections 28, 50 and SOA - Witness detention Section 31 During 1991 and 1m amendments to the ISA repealed Sections 28, SOA and 31 and at the same time reduced the possible period of detention Wlder Section 29 from effectively unlimited, down to 10 days (repeatable); Section 50 was left unchanged at 14 days. During 1993, SeCtion 29 and 50 were in <:onstant use and HRe rea>rded 197 detentions under 5edion 29 and 93 Wlder Section SO. This activity has continued into 1994 and during the months ofJanuaxy and Febnwy,HRe ~eda further 93 detentions under Section 29 and a further 18 under Section 50. 28/03 '94 08:59 '5'011 339 1422 HRC -H-+ B JOHNSTONE I4J 002/002 DuringDecember 1993, legislation entitled the Abolition ofRestrlctions on Free Political Activity Act No 206 of 1993, was adopted by a speda1 sitting of Parliament and included a clause, section 7, wheteby Section 29 of the !SA would be repealed. Act No 206 of 1m was to come into Operation,on a date to be prodaimed by the State President in consultltion with the T..aC. This proclamation was duly made on 28 January 1994, but exduded Section 7. In other words. detention under Section 29 was to continue until further notice. and the Police were free to exercise this power which they duly did, with some vigour as will be seen from the figures above. The final end of Section 29 came on 8 February 1994 when the TEe agreed to recommend its repeal by bringing Section 7 of Act Z06 of 1993 into operation. Howevc:r, amidst all of the (justified) public outcry accompanying the dragging of feet on the Section' 29 issue. Section SO appears to have escaped attention and has surviVed virtually intact., with no provision being made for its repeaL At the time of writing, 18 persons are incarcerated and being denied their right of access to the courts, by Section SO. Public Safety Ad(PSAl The PSA is legislation which maybe invoked inan em.ergency. It was of COUl'Se used to declare States of Emetgeucy in 1960, 1985 and 1986 to 1990. It was also amended' to dedam loalised. ·mini emergendes- called UIln!St Areas and this practice commenced in August 1990 and continues to the present day. ' Amongst the vast array of powers under the PSA is detention without trial for periods effectively limited onlybythe period. ofthe declaration. The putpOSeS ofsuch detention maybe for interrogation as well as for ·prevention-, and is thereby prone to an of the dangers and abuses of ISA detention of the pasL During 1993, HRe recorded 285 such detentions as well as numerous reports of torture and other abuse. As with the remnants of the ISA, we are still unaware of any proposed amendments to the PSA and its powetS of detention Without triaL TBVC Ugislation TheInternal Secw:ity Adis mim:lred by legislation. in the TBVC -states-. Detentionwithout trial forms part of the ~resSive powers under this legislation, but currently Bophuthatswana is the only one which routinelyengages in this practice. HRC recmded 153 such detentions during 1993 and another 17 during the fust two months of 1994- It can be assumed that an of this legislation will disappear when the -states" themselves cease to exist on 27 ApC11994, or earlier, as the commencement date of the Interim. Constitution is proclaimed. THE FUI'URE OF DETENTION WITHOUT TRIAL An encouraging feature of the Interim Constitution under the Chapter headed "Fundamental Rights" is Section 11 (1) which states: ~very person shall have the right to freedom and securityof the perso~ which shall include the right not to be detained without trial-. This is dear enough and would seem to put an end to detention without trial. However the right expressed in Section 11 (1) is then suspended by Section 34 (6) in a situation of a State of Emergency. The HRe acknowledges that any state is entitled to declare a state of emergency in order to preserve and defend its integrity against threats whether external orintemal. Howeverit rejects the notion that detention without tJ::ial can everbe justified; and maintains that whatever the safeguards, experience has shown that -cruel, inhuman or degrading treatmen~ will inevitably OCOU', especially where intetrogation is the purpose of detentio~ or is permitted. At most the HRCbelieves that some form ofinternment underinternational supervision (International Red Cross orequivalent) and. subject to international protcx:ols, could meet the needs of an emergency situatiOIL 2 f) t o.s+cc{ The Welcome Home Centre bo~ 2.~~o-o Second Floor, 36 Davies Street ~0'oert:, ParK Doornfontein ~O4--'4 SC 1./7N' t9 rrrl {<-/'J G~t~ll..·, C. \ L. cVV\e· olqr ~e entrance of the building is quite This is the Welcome Home Of course political factors playa part, brightly lit; a few people are making Centre. The force behind this but the greatest single cause is a fire outside on the pavement on this incredible place is Emelda Damani. unemployment - brought on mainly cold July evening in Doomfontein, Emelda came to the assistance of by sanctions, job reservation and lack Johannesburg. You climb two steep these unfortunate people on the edge of training. There are thousands of flights of stairs and reach the security ofour society in April 1992, when they blacks who have never worked. They gate puffing a little. You push open were evicted from the old factory hunt for work, day after day, always the door and are met with a sight of building which they had regarded as ending up with nothing, until order, peace, warmth. Over 200 frustration and despair eventually take destitute people - men, women, over. They have nothing, they have children - the never had r homeless, anything, and unemployed, therefore have returned exiles nothing to lose. and victims of The escape route township is found in a life of violence are crime. A man having their who has to face supper. Some each day without are sitting on knowing where to chairs or on the find a meal for floor with their himself or his plates on their loved ones - can laps. Others . we really blame are still , him for resorting queuing for to crime? Today, food. A rented in South Africa, television set is DO one is playing against completely secure the far wall, because of the and some are watching it wlUlst eating Emelda (fourth from the left) with a crime rate. The rich and poor are their food. The kitchen staff are busily few of the residents of the Welcome bound together by their shared fear of dishing up food, whilst in a back room, Home Centre, Doomfontein. tomorrow." where the women sleep, a few mothers Emelda changed the name of the are tending their babies. Part of the home, and the Pastor who had been centre to Welcome Home Centre, factory floor had been partitioned off running Christian Fellowship, as it was because she wanted to change the with lockers to form another room of called then, had left for the United whole aspect of running a home for sorts where some young men are States. the homeless. Having received sitting on mattresses eating their food. Emelda, like many of us, had advanced leadership training in A few others are in the bathrooms, looked upon street people as hobos, Singapore, she has managed through washing in plastic bowls on the floor. alcoholics, people who had ended up love and respect and individual The plumbing presents grave in the gutter as a result of their own counselling to change the lives of problems, but somehow they cope, bad judgement. "I would sometimes many of these people in radical ways. manage to keep themselves and their give them some money or food as a Some have been offered temporary home clea!! and respectable. At bed gesture of being 'nice to sinners'. jobs, some permanent employment; time the office too beromes a Within the first week of inheriting the they are able to leave the Centre and bedroom. There is hardly any privacy, abandoned residents of Christian return to society. certainly nowhere to play if you're Fellowship 1 had learned so much and Suzanne, a fourteen year old, who little, but there is safety, warmth, regretted my ignorance and blindness was brought to the Centre after kindness. towards the realities of homelessness. attempting suicide, was restored mentally and physically through much over their heads, food to eat and lead, in the case of theatricals, for love and prayer. A school was found clothes to wear, but also education, instance, to fund raising for the for her, and today she is a good training that will help them to find Centre. The Centre is in dire need of looking happy teenager, doing very their aptitudes and limitations, to . blankets, mattresses, lockers, clothes, well at schoo~ and the pride of cultivate a sense of responsibility, to furniture, kitchen appliances, food prepare them to return to society as and money. "The people of the Centre are ready to face the world, but they need training. There have been offers of training equipment etc, but there is no room as the present premises are bursting with refugees from Tokoza and other violence-torn townships." Emelda has found a building which lends itself perfectly to the needs of the Centre. It consists of 7 storeys, with 62 rooms, each with bathroom and toilet, offering accommodation for 400 people, and also have halls which could be used for training purposes. In addition, there are beds, blankets, chairs, stoves, fridges - literally everything the Centre needs. ii... ; Emelda and Suzanne everyone in the Centre. A bursary is needed to pay for her continued studies, however. iil;L Another resident, Mr X, a Jil' talented artist, had lost his job, 'Ill! r'" , home and family. He was i'l'(I': , I" drinking heavily when he came ; !, to the Centre. Emelda, I' d' liilH,,, through counselling, helped • I • , ~ him to come to terms with his problems. New clothes and lots of encouragement helped him back to normality, and today, his dignity restored, he is preparing to leave for the States to demonstrate his talents there next year. Who provides the funds for Residents queue for their evening "The owner is emigrating to running this centre? Most of it has meal after a hard day trudging the Europe, and is prepared to let the come from Emelda herself. In her streets looking for work. building go for Rl.5 million. In a own words, "With my R61,OOO God country where millions are spent has helped me to help others to fmd annually on sports promotions etc, themselves. The successes achieved useful citizens. She envisages training surely this is not too much to ask for a by the residents are the factors that in health care, economics, social Centre to rebuild the shattered lives of have kept me going for the past 17 sciences, and various technical fields. people, many of whom are children, months without a salary. I don't regret "For proper self-esteem people the future ofour country?" my investment when I see the change should receive a stipend - perhaps You are welcome to visit the of attitudes and revived hopes." RIO a month. This would be a form of Centre at any time should you be It does not end there, however. power a necessity in our interested to see what Emelda is Emelda has a dream, a vision, of a capital-centred world". They need achieving with the very meagre centre that will provide not only a roof recreational facilities, which could resources at her disposal.