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South·Africa in Transition
POLITICS OF HOPE AND TERROR: South ·Africa in Transition Report on Violence in South Africa by an American Friends Service Committee Study Team November 1992 The American Friends Service Committee's concern over Southern Africa has grown out of over 60 years of relationships since the first visit by a representative of the organization. In 1982 the AFSC Board of Directors approved the release of a full length book, Challenge and Hope, as a statement of its views on South Africa. Since 1977 the AFSC has had a national Southern Africa educational program in its Peace Education Division. AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE 1501 Cherry Street Philadelphia, PA 19102 (215) 241-7000 AFSC REGIONAL OFFICES: Southeastern Region, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, 92 Piedmont Avenue, NE; Middle Atlantic Region, Baltimore, Maryland 21212, 4806 York Road; New England Region, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, 2161 Massachusetts Avenue; Great Lakes Region, Chicago, Illinois 60605, 59 E. Van Buren Street, Suite 1400; North Central Region, Des Moines, Iowa 50312, 4211 Grand Avenue; New York Metropolitan Region, New York, New York 10003, 15 Rutherford Place; Pacific Southwest Region, Pasadena, California 91103, 980 N. Fair Oaks Avenue; Pacific Mountain Region, San Francisco, California 94121,2160 Lake Street; Pacific Northwest Region, Seattle, Washington 98105, 814 N.E. 40th Street. CONTENTS II THE AFSC DELEGATION 1 PREFACE III POLITICS OF HOPE AND TERROR: South Africa in Transition 1 THE BASIC VIOLENCE 2 ANALYZING THE VIOLENCE 5 THE HIDDEN HAND 7 RETALIATION 9 POLICE INVESTIGATIONS 11 LESSONS FROM THE BOIPATONG MASSACRE 12 HOMELAND VIOLENCE IN CISKEI AND KWAZULU 13 HOMELAND LEADERS BUTHELEZI AND GQOZO 16 CONCLUSION 19 RECOMMENDATIONS 20 ACRONYMS 21 TEAM INTERVIEWS AND MEETINGS 22 THE AFSC DELEGATION TO SOUTH AFRICA The American Friends Service Committee's Board of Directors approved a proposal in June 1992 for a delegation to visit South Africa to study the escalating violence there. -
National Senior Certificate Grade 12
This memorandum consists of 32 pages. NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 HISTORY P2 EXEMPLAR 2014 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 20 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over History/P2 2 DBE/2014 NSC – Grade 12 Exemplar – Memorandum 1. SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS 1.1 The following cognitive levels were used to develop source-based questions: COGNITIVE WEIGHTING OF HISTORICAL SKILLS LEVELS QUESTIONS Extract evidence from sources Selection and organisation of relevant 30% LEVEL 1 information from sources (15) Define historical concepts/terms Interpretation of evidence from sources 40% LEVEL 2 Explain information gathered from sources (20) Analyse evidence from sources Interpret and evaluate evidence from sources Engage with sources to determine its usefulness, reliability, bias and limitations 30% LEVEL 3 Compare and contrast interpretations and (15) perspectives presented in sources and draw independent conclusions 1.2 The information below indicates how source-based questions are assessed: In the marking of source-based questions, credit needs to be given to any other valid and relevant viewpoints, arguments, evidence or examples. In the allocation of marks, emphasis should be placed on how the requirements of the question have been addressed. In the marking guideline, the requirements of the question (skills that need to be addressed) as well as the level of the question are indicated in italics. 2. ESSAY QUESTIONS 2.1 The essay questions require candidates to: Be able to structure their argument in a logical and coherent manner. They need to select, organise and connect the relevant information so that they are able to present a reasonable sequence of facts or an effective argument to answer the question posed. -
BOIPATONG by Dave Steward, Chairman of the FW De Klerk Foundation
BOIPATONG By Dave Steward, Chairman of the FW de Klerk Foundation On 17 June the EFF issued a statement to mark the 28th anniversary of the Boipatong massacre. It stated that the massacre had been orchestrated by “an Apartheid government led by FW de Klerk” who had “funded and supported the massacre in order to undermine negotiations…” I remember Boipatong. I was at the time head of the South African Communication Service (SACS). On 18 June I woke to the news of the awful event in which 45 residents of the Joe Slovo informal settlement in Boipatong had been brutally murdered. Boipatong was egregious ‐ even by the violent standards of the times. Women and babies were among the victims who were mercilessly hacked and stabbed to death. President De Klerk decided that he would visit the community to express his condolences to bereaved families the following Saturday ‐ 20 June. I was disturbed to hear an announcement of the visit on the SABC on Friday evening ‐ because it was not our practice to provide advance notice of visits to potentially sensitive areas. Our party assembled under the eggshell blue skies of a highveld winter at a police depot about 5 kms from Boipatong. SACS had made arrangements to transport members of the local and international media who wished to cover the event. We all climbed into an ancient bus and followed the presidential motorcade on its route to Boipatong. As we approached the township from the north‐ west, it became clear that my concerns about the early announcement of the visit were ominously warranted. -
RELIGIOUS ACTION NETWORK for Justice and Peace in Southern Africa
RELIGIOUS ACTION NETWORK for justice and peace in southern Africa a project of the American Committee on Africa ONE MORE MASSACRE by Aleah Bacquie "It seemed so absolutely unnecessary. If this is a taste of things to come, then God help us all." -John Hall, Chairperson Peace Committee God help us all indeed. Soldiers firing on unarmed peaceful demonstrators with no warning whatsoever is nothing new under the South African sun. (It was only last month that I wrote to you about the Boipatong Massacre.) Now, twenty-eight more are dead, 200 more wounded. The only fresh, but twisted slant comes from the "Gorbachevian" De Kierk, escort of the "New South Africa". You know the appalling statistics by now, nearly 8,000 people dead due to political violence since the "reformist" De Klerk began his bloody reign of terror, with tens of thousands more wounded, driven from their homes, gripped by hopelessness and fear. Complete denial of any South African governmental responsibility was expected, even though the soldiers who fired were under the command of a South African Defense Force Brigadier on loan to the "bantustan" Ciskei government. The South African government has long contended that the Black "bantustans" are independent governments, although they are not recognized by any other government, including the U.S. However, with hard evidence of government complicity mounting, De Klerk tried a new tactic, blaming the victim. He somehow mustered the gall to assert that the massacre of ANC supporters is the fault of the ANC! According to this disturbed logic, those Blacks who dared to exercise their right of peaceful assembly and protest are to blame because they should have known that Pretoria's puppet, Oupa Gqozo, would fire on the marchers. -
RELIGIOUS ACTION NETWORK for Justice and Peace in Southern Africa
RELIGIOUS ACTION NETWORK for justice and peace in southern Africa a project of the American Committee on Africa SOUTH AFRICA: WHAT'S GOING ON FOUNDING MEMBERS AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT (Pa rti al listing) Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker, Cha,·persan by Aleah Bacquie Concan Bophst Church, New York Canon Frederick B. Williams what's going on ••• Church of· the Intercession, New York Rev. M. William Howard, President In South Africa' it seems' the more things change' the Amencon Common .. on Afr;co more they stay the same. In the past two years' Nelson Jennifer Davis, EKecvtove Director Mandela and other prominent political prisoners were Ame,;canCommoHeeonAfnco released from prison . The African National Congress' Aleoh Bocquie, Coordmatar Pan Africanist Congress and other political parties RelogoousActoonNetwork were unbanned. But Blacks, some 83% of the South African · popula tion, are still denied the vote. In some areas, the rate of malnutrition among black children is as high as 60-70%. Some 400 political prisoners remairi in apartheid jails where ill treatment, torture, and murder by officials are still rampant according to human rights groups. And now, in addition to everything else, government sanctioned political violence threatens a just and democratic transition. It is no small indictment of South African society that its history is known mainly by its massacres. The Sharpeville Massacre thirty-two years ago left sixty-eight dead at the hands of police. The Soweto Uprising sixteen years later had a death toll of over 1000 due to South African police and security forces. On June 17th, 1992, another sixteen years later, fifty people lost their lives to state-sponsored violence in Boipatong. -
Death in Boipatong
DEATH IN BOIPATONG The Dead ofBoipatong More than forty people were massacred at Boipatong on Wednesday 17 June. Men, women and children, and even those in their mother's womb were hack ed to death. Life, which hitherto offered only suffering, was snuffed out by men so low, that they could only attack at the dead of night when the shadows concealed their identity. Even though the evidence is hidden and might never be established there is little doubt about who is guilty. This killing must be laid at the door of the Intelligence Department and their allies in the Inkatha Freedom Party. It is clearly the work of men who are out to destabilize the townships, destroy all movements of opposition and reimpose the state of emergency. Addressing this issue, John Carlin said in The Independent (24 June 1992): In Boipatong, as in the majority of other massacres, the people who actually do the killing are blacks linked to the Inkatha Freedom Party...Those who direct them are whites operating within the intelligence structures of the police and army. The only issue in doubt is how high up does the authority come from? Does it stop at the 'securocrats', the generals and colonels who effectively ran the country during the Eighties? Or does it go right up to F W de Klerk, as Nelson Mandela claims? These questions have not been conclusively answered. The argument that this event was the result of previous shootings in the area is beside the point. The townships and squatter camps are witness to violence and murders week after week. -
Local Government and Housing
Vote 7: Local Government and Housing VOTE 7 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND HOUSING Infrastructure to be appropriated R4 058 777 000 Responsible MEC MEC for Local Government and Housing Administering department Department of Local Government and Housing Accounting officer Head of Department 1. STRATEGIC OVERVIEW OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAMME Strategic Overview There has been a shift in focus from the provision of housing to the establishment of sustainable human settlements due to the fact that previous policies to address housing did not adequately address the housing needs within the context of the brooder socio-economic needs of communities. In an effort to address this inconsistency gap, Cabinet approved the Comprehensive Plan for the Development of Human Settlements in 2004 which provides the framework to address housing needs within the context of broader socio-economic needs resulting in sustainable human settlements. The Comprehensive Plan is supplemented by the following business plans, which in turn informs the department’s infrastructure programme: • Stimulating the Residential Property Market; • Spatial Restructuring and Sustainable Human Settlements; • Social (Medium-Density) Housing Programme; • Informal Settlement Upgrading Programme; • Institutional Reform and Capacity Building; • Housing Subsidy Funding System Reforms; and • Housing and Job Creation. The following functional areas have been identified as the basis for the roll out of the infrastructure programme: • Service Delivery and Development Targets – the department will accelerate its current programmes of Mixed Housing Developments, Eradication of Informal Settlements, Alternative Tenure, Rural Housing, Urban Renewal Programme and the 20 Prioritised Township Programme to address historical backlogs in basic services, housing and infrastructure. • Capacity Building and Hands on Support – the department will strengthen its support to municipalities to ensure that the municipal capacity to deliver basic service is achieved and service delivery is realised. -
8848 – Boitshepi – I&AP Database Last Name First Name Company
8848 – Boitshepi – I&AP Database Last Name First Name Company City Thandeka Sasolburg Community Developemnt Forum ZAMDELA The Manager Nampak Metal Packaging VANDERBIJLPARK The Manager South African Heritage Resource Agency (SAHRA) MMABATHO The Marketing Edward Nathan Sonnenbergs SANDTON Ackerman PMeaterna ger African Cables (Pty) Ltd VEREENIGING Anderson Tara Lonmin Platinum Mines MARIKANA Antunes Melanie VCR Stereo VEREENIGING Aphane Maria Boipatong Public Library BOIPATONG Banfield John Dixon Batteries VEREENIGING Basson Johan Emfuleni Local Municipality VANDERBIJLPARK Bengani Nomsa NAMPAK Management Services SANDTON Berry Belinda Enviroserv Waste Management BENONI Bester Stefan EnviroBits VANDERBIJLPARK Bezuidenhout Jessica The Sunday Times Newspaper SAXONWOLD Biketsha Mabuli Emfuleni Local Municipality BOPHELONG Boden Denis National Petroleum Refiners of S A (Pty) Ltd (NATREF) SASOLBURG Bokala Willie Sowetan Newspaper JOHANNESBURG Botes Andre Enviro-Fill cc ASTON MANOR Bradshaw John Save the Vaal Environment SASOLBURG Burger Elmie Vaal University of Technology VANDERBIJLPARK Burger Marcia Karan Beef HEIDELBERG Cave Billy Itshokolele Working Group SASOLBURG Christie Lloyd Edward Nathan Sonnenbergs Incorporated SANDTON Coetzee Martin AFCAT SASOLBURG Colegate Gary DCD Dorbyl: Heavy Engineering VEREENIGING Cooks James Dow Sasolburg (Leeu Taaibosspruit Forum) SASOLBURG Cooper Ivan AFCAT SASOLBURG Cornelissen Andries Beeld Newspaper AUCKLAND PARK Da Silva Gina Mama She's Waste Recyclers KELVIN de Jager Etienne Enviro-Fill cc ASTON MANOR -
We Were Cut Off from the Comprehension of Our Surroundings
Black Peril, White Fear – Representations of Violence and Race in South Africa’s English Press, 1976-2002, and Their Influence on Public Opinion Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln vorgelegt von Christine Ullmann Institut für Völkerkunde Universität zu Köln Köln, Mai 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The work presented here is the result of years of research, writing, re-writing and editing. It was a long time in the making, and may not have been completed at all had it not been for the support of a great number of people, all of whom have my deep appreciation. In particular, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Michael Bollig, Prof. Dr. Richard Janney, Dr. Melanie Moll, Professor Keyan Tomaselli, Professor Ruth Teer-Tomaselli, and Prof. Dr. Teun A. van Dijk for their help, encouragement, and constructive criticism. My special thanks to Dr Petr Skalník for his unflinching support and encouraging supervision, and to Mark Loftus for his proof-reading and help with all language issues. I am equally grateful to all who welcomed me to South Africa and dedicated their time, knowledge and effort to helping me. The warmth and support I received was incredible. Special thanks to the Burch family for their help settling in, and my dear friend in George for showing me the nature of determination. Finally, without the unstinting support of my two colleagues, Angelika Kitzmantel and Silke Olig, and the moral and financial backing of my family, I would surely have despaired. Thank you all for being there for me. We were cut off from the comprehension of our surroundings; we glided past like phantoms, wondering and secretly appalled, as sane men would be before an enthusiastic outbreak in a madhouse. -
AK2672-E3-001-Jpeg.Pdf
AMC INTERVIEW WITH DR. WADDINGTON On the 2nd July 1992, Barbara Sudano and Rev. Iloerane met with Dr. Waddington. The ANC requested Rev. Moerane to speak on their behalf. He was also representing the Vaal Council of Churches. We collected Dr. Waddington and Commissioner Laidlaw from the Vanderbijlpark Police Station and took them to a church nearby where the meeting took place. The discussion was prefaced by Dr. Waddington and Mr. Laidlaw, stating that they were not investigating the events on the night of the 17th June 1992, but were investigating : - a* whether the police could have prevented the event; and k* the investigation by the police subsequent to the events of the night of the 17th June 1992. ERIQR WARMINGS OF THE ATTACK TO THE POLICE We reported a call by Rev. Paul Verryn to Col. Gouws, the calls by Watch Mothibidi and we reported the discussion held between Capt. De Klerk and Lucas Nthobejane. We stated that Paul Verryn and Lucas Nthobejane had both referred to an impending attack in the Vaal that night. We stated that Watch Mothibidi had communicated an impending attack in Sebokeng and that he was phoning from Zone 11. We were questioned as to whether this number of calls was an unusual occurrence, or whether it was common practice or a daily occurrence that people would phone the police with rumours of impending attacks. Rev. Moerane states that in his opinion that it was a fairly unusual occurrence. He stated that he had called Col. Du Pont about an impending attack on an individual by Kwa-Madala residents approximately 3 weeks prior to the massacre. -
Telematics 2021 History Grade 12
DIRECTORATE: CURRICULUM FET TELEMATICS 2021 HISTORY GRADE 12 1 Telematics Schedule DAY DATE TIME TOPIC Wednesday 10 March 15:00 – 16:00 Cold War P1 Wednesday 12 May 15:00 – 16:00 Paper 2 Content Tuesday 10 August 15:00 – 16:00 Examination Preparation P1 and 2 2 SESSION 1 THE COLD WAR 10 MARCH 2021 ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR COUNTRY:__________________ COUNTRY:__________________ IDEOLOGY:_________________ IDEOLOGY:_________________ MEANING:__________________ MEANING:__________________ _____________________________ ___________________________ _____________________________ ___________________________ KNOW THE FOLLOWING: HISTORICAL EVENTS EXPLANATION IRON CURTAIN / BERLIN WALL POLICY OF CONTAINMENT THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE MARSHALL PLAN BERLIN BLOCKADE BERLIN AIRLIFT CONFERENCES: DATE AND PLACE YALTA CONFERENCE POTSDAM CONFERENCE 3 ROLE PLAYERS COUNTRIES: LEFT: _________________________ _______________________ CENTRE: ______________________ _______________________ RIGHT: ________________________ _______________________ WHAT WAS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE YALTA AND POTSDAM CONFERENCES? YALTA POTSDAM 4 ACTIVITY 1 SOURCE 1A This is an extract from a speech delivered by Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Britain, at Fulton, Missouri, in the United States, on 5 March 1946. It called for greater partnership between Britain and the United States of America to prevent Soviet expansion into Eastern Europe. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind the line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and populations around them lie in the Soviet sphere and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and increasing measure of control from Moscow. -
Vereeniging Sub District of Emfuleni Magisterial District
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