THE ELEMENTS OF CULTURE VALUES ON MALAY TRADITIONAL FOOD WRAPPING: KETUPAT
MHD NOR OSMAN NIEOP!QFSBLVJUNFEVNZ DR. NORHASANDI MAT OPSIBT!QFSBLVJUNFEVNZ Dr. Mohd Khairul Azahari Abdul Rani NPIEL!QFSBLVJUNFEVNZ
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ABSTRACT
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124 | IDEALOGY 2 t+VSOBM4FOJ#VEBZB The History of Ketupat *O*OEPOFTJB LFUVQBUJTTPNFUJNFTCPJMFEXJUIDPDPOVU NJML GPS BEEFE øBWPS *O UIF 1IJMJQQJOFT UIF .PSPT JO ,FUVQBUJTBUSBEJUJPOBMGPPENBEFGSPNSJDFBOEXSBQQFE ,BQBNQBOHBO DBMMFE LFUVQBU BTA1BUVQBU A1VTPJO UIF JO DPDPOVU MFBWFT LOPXO BT +BOVS ,FUVQBU JT WFSZ $FCVBOPBSFBBOEA5BNVJOUIF5BVTVH-FBWFT ZPVOH QPQVMBSPOUIFFWFPG)BSJ3BZB"JEJM'JUSJPS)BSJ3BZB DPDPOVUMFBG BSFOBNFE"SFDBDFBF "JEJM"EIB5IFUSBEJUJPOPGNBLJOHUIFLFUVQBUTUBSUFE XIFO *TMBN öSTU DBNF UP +BWB 3FUSJFWFE GSPN XXX *O.BMBZTJB LFUVQBUJTVTVBMMZEJWJEFEJOUPUXPDBUPHPSJFT BDFI'PSVN$PNNVOJUZ OBNFMZ LFUVQBU OBTJ OPSNBM SJDF BOE LFUVQBU QVMVU TUJDLZSJDF ,FUVQBUSJDFJTSFDUBOHVMBSTIBQFVTJOHSJDFBT The Origin of Ketupat JUTDPOUFOUTBSFXSBQQFEXJUIDPDPOVUMFBG XIJMFLFUVQBU QVMVU VTFTUJDLZSJDF BEJBNPOETIBQFE XSBQQFEXJUI *O IJTUPSZ UIF 4VOBO ,BMJKBHB JT UIF öSTU UP JOUSPEVDF QBMBTMFBWFT VTVBMMZSFGFSSFEBTLFUVQBUQBMBT LFUVQBUJOUIF+BWBDPNNVOJUZ)FDJWJMJ[FUPNBLFLFUVQBU UXJDFSFGFSSFEUPBT#BLEBJFEVSJOHUIFDFMFCSBUJPOPG Type of Ketupat &JE BM'JUS JT DBMMFEi#BLEB -FCBSBOw BOEi#BLEB ,VQBU JT POF XFFL BGUFS UIF EBZ PG &JE BGUFS GBTUJOH TJY EBZT (FOFSBMMZ LFUVQBU JT B UZQJDBM PG 4PVUIFBTU "TJBO EJTI JO 4IBXXBM 0O UIF EBZ DBMMFE #BLEB ,VQBU JO +BWB NBEFGSPNSJDF3JDFJTJOTFSUFEJOUPUIFXPWFODPDPOVU BMNPTUFWFSZIPVTFXFBWFTUIFLFUVQBU"GUFSUIFZIBWF MFBWFTBOECPJMFEPSTUFBNFEUPDPPL,FUVQBUJTNPTU öOJTIFE DPPLJOH LVQBU LFUVQBU JT TFOU UP UIF IPNF QSFWBMFOU XIFO JU DPNFT UP UIF GFTUJWF TFBTPO XIFO PGSFMBUJWFT TUBSUJOHXJUIUIFPMEFTUöSTU BTBTZNCPMPG .VTMJNTDFMFCSBUFUIFFOEPGUIFGBTUJOHNPOUI,FUVQBU VOJUZ 3FUSJFWFE GSPN XXXB$FI 'PSVN $PNNVOJUZ JTBMTPPGUFOTFSWFEXJUITBUBZ"NPOHUIFQFPQMFJO+BWB LFUVQBU JT PGUFO IVOH PWFS UIF FOUSBODF UP UIF IPVTF "DDPSEJOHUP"HVT8JCPXP UIFUSBEJUJPOPGNBLJOH BT B TZNCPM PG TBWJOH UIJOHT *O #BMJ LFUVQBU JT PGUFO LFUVQBUXBTTUBSUFECZ,(1"".BOHLVOFHBSB* XIPXBT QSFTFOUFEBTTFSWJOHJOBSFMJHJPVTDFSFNPOZ"NPOHUIF LOPXOBTUIF1BOHFSBO4BNCFSOZBXB"UUIBUUJNF BGUFS UZQFTPGLFUVQBUBSF UIF &JE QSBZFS B NFFUJOH XBT IFME CFUXFFO UIF ,JOH BOE UIF QFOHHBXB DIJFG PG EJTUSJDUT BOE UIF TPMEJFST Ketupek Katan Kapau TJNVMUBOFPVTMZ JO UIF CBMBJ JTUBOB "MM QFOHHBXB BOE TPMEJFST XJUIUIFPSEFSMZUPHFUIFSQFSGPSNBTVOHLFN 5IJT,FUVQBU,BUBOJTTNBMMTJ[FEBOEDPPLFEXJUIDPDPOVU B XBZ UP TFFL GPS BQPMPHJFT UP UIF LJOH BOE RVFFO NJMLJOBCBNCPPDZMJOEFS%VSJOHDPPLJOH DPDPOVUNJML JTMFGUUPDPODFOUSBUFPODFBOECMFOEFEJOUPUIFLFUVQBU 5IF IJTUPSZ PG NBLJOH LFUVQBU BDDPSEJOH UP . :VTSJM ,FUVQBU LBUBO DBO CF FBUFO EVSJOH BGUFSOPPO UFB CVU "OXBS "M +BGBSZ JT TBJE UP CF EFSJWFE GSPN UIF DBOBMTPCFFBUFOXJUITQJDZEJTIFT TVDIBTDVSSZPSTUFX USBEJUJPOT PG UIF DPNNVOJUZ 8BMJ 4POHP JU XBT BO SFOEBOH BUUFNQUUPJODPSQPSBUF*TMBNJDFMFNFOUTJOUIFUSBEJUJPO PGNBLJOHUIFLFUVQBU5IJTJTCFDBVTFJOBODJFOUUJNFT Ketupat Glabed
Ketupat in the Malay Archipelago ,VQBU(MBCFEJTWFSZGBNPVTJO5FHBM *OEPOFTJB,VQBU (MBCFEJTBLFUVQBUUIBUJTFBUFOXJUIUIJDLHSBWZZFMMPX ,FUVQBU IBT USBEJUJPOBMMZ CFFO NBEF BOE FBUFO JO ,FUVQBU JT DVU JOUP QJFDFT QVU JOTJEF JU TPNF GSJFE UIF .BMBZ "SDIJQFMBHP XIFO DFMFCSBUJOH &JE BM'JUS UFNQFI BOE TNPUIFSFE XJUI HSBWZ HMBCFE 'PS NPSF BOE &JE BM"EIB 5IF GFTUJWBM JT JODPNQMFUF XJUIPVU TQJDFTBNCBMJTBEEFE0OJUDSBDLFSOPPEMFTNBEFGSPN UIF LFUVQBU 1SBDUJDBMMZ FWFSZ IPNF QSFQBSFT UIJT DBTTBWBøPVSBOETQSJOLMFEXJUIGSJFEPOJPOT"TBTJEF EFMJDBDZ "T UIF FOUJSF HFPHSBQIZ PG UIF JTMBOET PG EJTIFE ,VQBU(MBCFEJTBMXBZTFBUFOXJUITBUBZDIJDLFO .BMBZ "SDIJQFMBHP JT QMBOUFE XJUI DPDPOVU USFFT JU JT PSTIFMMöTI WFSZ FBTZ UP HFU UIF MFBWFT AKBOVS UIF ZPVOH MFBWFT XIJDI BSF VTFE BT DMBEEJOH GPS XPWFO UIF LFUVQBU Ketupat Betawi (Bebanci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
IDEALOGY 2 t+VSOBM4FOJ#VEBZB | 125 Ketupat Blegong (tegal) Ketupat Cabuk Rambak (solo)
,VQBU #MFOHPOH ,VQBU (MBCFEFBUFO XJUI #MFOHPOH $BCVL 3BNCBL JT SJDF LFUVQBU TMJDFE MFNPOMJNF BOE NFBU JTUIFSFTVMUPGJOUFSCSFFEJOHTQFDJFTPGEVDLTBOE TQSJOLMFEXJUITFTBNFTBVDFNJYFEXJUIBMJUUMFHSBUFE HFFTF DPDPOVU 4BVDFT UBTUF WFSZ TQFDJBM JOEFFE5IJT EJTI JT TFSWFEXJUISJDFDSBDLFSTDBMMFELBSB Ketupat Bongko (tegal) Ketupat/lontongSayur ,VQBU#POHLPJTJTLFUVQBUXJUIWFHFUBCMFUFNQFIUIBU IBTCFFOBDJEJöFE 6TVBMMZ WFHFUBCMFT MPOUPOH TBZVS JT TFSWFE XJUI UIJDL HSBWZBEEJOTPNFHMBTTOPPEMFT TVVO CPJMFEFHHTBOE TQSJOLMFEXJUIGSJFEPOJPOT
'JHVSF%JòFSFOUUZQFTPGLFUVQBUXPWFOVTJOHZPVOHDPDPOVUMFBWFT
How to Wave Ketupat C'JMMDMBEEJOHLFUVQBUXJUISJDFVOUJMGVMM 5P NBLF UIF LFUVQBU FTQFDJBMMZ XFBWJOH UFDIOJRVFT SFRVJSFTDSFBUJWJUZBOETLJMMPGJUTPXOJOPSEFSUPQSPEVDF D8IFOCPJMFE UIFLFUVQBUNVTUCFTVCNFSHFEJO XPWFO DMBEEJOH PGAKBOVSXIJDI IBT BSUJTUJD WBMVF /PU CPJMJOHXBUFSBMUPHFUIFS*GXBUFSSFEVDFTCPJMJOH FWFSZPOFLOPXTIPXUPNBLFLFUVQBUBOEUPCFBCMFUP XBUFSJTBEEFE5IFEVSBUJPOGPSDPPLJOHLFUVQBU NBLF POFIBTUPMFBSOUPXFBWF JTCFUXFFOUPIPVST
Materials to Make E"GUFSDPPLJOH MJGUUIFLFUVQBUBOEIBOHJUVQUPESZ +BOVS DPDPOVUMFBWFT XIJDIIBTCFFO DMFBOFEBOETFMFDUUIFCSJHIUZFMMPXDPMPS The Art Elements in Ketupat $VUUJOHUPPMT UPTFQBSBUFUIFDPDPOVU The Meaning of Art MFBGGSPNUIFTUFNT "SU DBO BMTP CF JOUFSQSFUFE BT NFBOJOH PS TFOTF BCJMJUJFT UP DSFBUF B QBJOUJOH TDVMQUVSF DBMMJHSBQIZ General Way to Make Ketupat BOE JU XBT TP CFBVUJGVM UP MPPL BU "DDPSEJOH UP 0YGPSE %JDUJPOBSZ "SU JT 5IF QSPEVDUJPO PG B$IPPTFHPPERVBMJUZSJDF XBTIVQDMFBO TPNFUIJOHCFBVUJGVM TLJMMPSBCJMJUZJOTVDIXPSL 8PSLT 4PBLUIFSJDFGPSIPVSTXJUIDMFBOXBUFS%SBJO TVDI BT QBJOUJOHT PS TDVMQUVSFT QSPEVDFE CZ TLJMMT .JYXJUIBMJUUMFLBQVSNBLBO*GUIFSJDFJTVODMFBO *CO,IBMEVOTUBUFT iBSUJTUSVUI CFBVUZBOEHPPEOFTTJO LFUVQBUXJMMCFQFSJTIBCMF XIJDIJUJTDPOUBJOTUIFDIBSBDUFSJTUJDTPGBFTUIFUJDT FUIJDT BOE MPHJDw"SJTUPUMF CFMJFWFT UIBU BSU JT BO JNJUBUJPO PS
126 | IDEALOGY 2 t+VSOBM4FOJ#VEBZB 5IFCBTJDFMFNFOUTPGBSUBSFUSBOTMBUFECZUIFSFTVMUT EVSJOHUIFQSPDFTTXFBWJOHBLFUVQBUBTUIFPCKFDUTPG BSU XIJDIBSF GPSN TIBQF öOJTIMJOF UFYUVSF TQBDFBOE DPMPS
The Form/Shape (bentuk)
'PSN XJUIJO UIF NFBOJOH PG UIF MBOHVBHF JU NFBOT XBLJOHVQ TIBQF PSQIZTJDBMGPSN GPSN #VJME TIBQF JTBLJOEPGQMBJOTIBQF BTTFFOCZUIFFZF KVTUUPNFOUJPO JU JT SPVOE TRVBSF PSOBNFOUBM JSSFHVMBS BOE TP PO 1IZTJDBMGPSNJTUIFLJOEUIBUMPPLTBOEGFFMTCFDBVTFPG UIFFMFNFOUPG WBMVF PGUIFTFPCKFDUT TVDIBTBDMPTFU $IFTU JT FYJTUT JO B TQBDF BOE JT OPU KVTU B SFDUBOHVMBS CPY CVUIBTJUTWBMVFBOEGVODUJPO5ISFFEJNFOTJPOBM TIBQFCPVOEFECZTQBDFUIBUTVSSPVOETBOEGPSNTUIBU JODMVEFQZSBNJET QSJTNT DPOFT DPOF BOEDZMJOEFS
*SSFHVMBSTIBQFDVCFTBOETRVBSF FJUIFSJOUXPPSUISFF EJNFOTJPOT BòFDU TUBUJD TUBCMF BOE GPSNBM8IFO UIF TIBQFMPPNFEVQ JUTFFNTTPHSFBUBOETUBCMF
'JHVSF3FUSJFWFEGSPNBSKVOBöSEBVTJCMPHTQPU
,FUVQBU #BOUBM SFQMJDBUJPO QSPDFTT PG UIF XPSME MJGF QFPQMF NFBOJOH UIFEJTQMBZPSOFXJEFBTPOBOFYJTUJOHEFTJHO1MBUPBMTP CFMJFWFTUIBUBSUJTBOJNJUBUJPOPGOBUVSF "SUTJNJUBUVSF OBUVSBM .FBOXIJMF 4DIPQFOIBVFSUIJOLTUIBUBSUJTBO BUUFNQUUPDSFBUFOFXGPSNTPGGVO&WFSZPOFMPWFTUIF 3PVOEPSTQIFSJDBMTIBQFPGUIFDVSWFBòFDUTEZOBNJD BSUPGNVTJD BMUIPVHINVTJDJTUIFNPTUBCTUSBDUBSU BOENPWJOH NPWFNFOU
Elements of Art
5P NBLF LFUVQBU FTQFDJBMMZ UIF DBTF OFFET DSFBUJWF ,FUVQBU QPXFS UP QSPEVDF DMBEEJOH XPWFO DPDPOVU UIBU IBT #BXBOH BSUJTUJDWBMVF*OEFFE OPUFWFSZPOFJTHPPEBUNBLJOH UIFLFUVQBUBOEUPCFBCMFUPDSFBUFUIFSFJTBOFFEUP MFBSO IPX UP XFBWF7JFXFE JO UFSNT PG JUT TIBQF UIF LFUVQBUJTTBJEUPIBWFDIBSBDUFSJTUJDTUIBUNBLFVQUIF QFSGFDUJPOPGJUTBSUBOE UIVTUIFWBMVFPGUIFLFUVQBU 5BQFSFEUSJBOHVMBSTIBQFBòFDUTBDUJWF FOFSHFUJD TIBSQ XPSLTJOUPUIFBSUBOEDVMUVSFPGBTPDJFUZ BOEQPJOUJOHEJSFDUJPO
'SPN UIF DSFBUJWJUZ PG TPNFPOF XFBWJOH KBOVS GPS DMBEEJOH NBEF PG LFUVQBU JU JT LOPXO OBNFT LFUVQBU ,FUVQBU JODMVEF LFUVQBU SBZB LFUVQBU TBUF LFUVQBU KBOUVOH *OUBO LFUVQBU CFSMJBO EJBNPOE LFUVQBU CBXBOH LFUVQBU +BOUVOH EVEVL LFUVQBU CBOUBM LFUVQBU TJOUB LFUVQBU KBHP LFUVQBU MVXBS LFUVQBU TJEP MVOHHVI LFUVQBU LIPEPL LFUVQBUCBUBBOEPUIFST*UJTOPUDMFBSUIFPSJHJOPGUIF OBNF PG LFUVQBU CVU VTVBMMZ UIFTF OBNFT DPOOFDUFE 'JHVSF3FUSJFWFEGSPNTIWPPOHDPN XJUIUIFTIBQFPGUIFLFUVQBU
IDEALOGY 2 t+VSOBM4FOJ#VEBZB | 127 The Lines (garisan)
5IFTF GFX MJOFT PG EPUT BSF DPOUJHVPVT PS XIJDI IBWF B DFSUBJO EJTUBODF -JOFT QMBZ B WFSZ JNQPSUBOU SPMF JO DSFBUJOH UIF BQQFBSBODF TIBQF GBCSJD NPWFNFOUT UPOFTBOEQBUUFSO-JOFTBMTPQMBZBOJNQPSUBOUSPMFJO TIPXJOHPOFTGFFMJOHTJOBXPSL
5IFSFBSFUXPIPMFTPOUIFUFYUVSF OBNFMZ
J3FBMJTUJD5FYUVSF XIFSFUIFTVSGBDFPGBOPCKFDU XIFOTFFOBOEUPVDIFEIBWFUIFTBNF DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT
JJ7JSUVBM5FYUVSF UIFTVSGBDFPGBOPCKFDUUIBUMPPLT TJNJMBSUPUIFDIBSBDUFSJTUJDTPGUIFPCKFDU XIFOUPVDIFE
The Colors (warna)
$PMPS QMBZT BO JNQPSUBOU SPMF JO DSFBUJOH BUNPTQIFSF -JOFT IBWF FMPOHBUFE OBUVSF BOE IBWF B DFSUBJO 7BSJPVTBSUJTUTDBOTIPXPOFTGFFMJOHTXIJMFVTJOHUIF EJSFDUJPO"MUIPVHIJUIBTBOFMFNFOUPGUIJDLOFTT UIF UZQFTPGDPMPSJOIJTBSUXPSL OBUVSFPGUIFNPTUQSPNJOFOUJTUIFMFOHUIEJNFOTJPO 0G TIBQF MJOF EJTUJOHVJTIFE CZ TUSBJHIU MJOFT DVSWFE "DDPSEJOHUP$IBJ8VBOH4IFO DPMPSJTUIFNPTU MJOFTBOECSPLFOMJOFT [JH[BH 3VMFSBMTPIBTBTQFDJöD JNQPSUBOU FMFNFOU JO UIF WJTVBM BSUT öFME $PMPST BSF DIBSBDUFS EFQFOEJOH PO UIF NFEJB UFDIOJRVFT BOE EJWJEFEJOUP QMBDFNBLJOH t5IFCBTJDDPMPSTSFE CMVFBOEZFMMPX t4FDPOEBSZDPMPSTNJYUXPTIBEFTPGCBTJDDPMPSTJOUP The Interwoven (jalinan) UIFUIJSEDPMPS t5FSUJBSZDPMPSTBNJYPGSFWFOVFUPUIFUISFFDPMPST *OUFSXPWFOJOUFOETFòFDUTGPVOEJOBOPCKFDUTTVSGBDF t.POPDISPNFDPMPSUIFDPMPSJTNJYFEXJUIXIJUFBOE *OUFSXPWFO JT EJWJEFE JOUP UXP TFDUJPOT *OUFSXPWFO CMBDLUPEBSLDPMPSEFTJSFEDPOUSPM UPVDIBOEMPPLT t/BUVSBMDPMPSCMBDLBOEXIJUF UIFSFTVMUPGUIFFòFDU PGMJHIUBOETJMIPVFUUF
The Symbolic Meaning in Ketupat
The Symbolic Meaning
%FTQJUFUIFUSBEJUJPOPGXFBWJOHDPDPOVUMFBWFT UIFSF BSFQIJMPTPQIJFTDPOUBJOFEUIFSFJO"DDPSEJOHUP.:VTSJM The Texture (tekstur) "OXBS"M+BGBSZ BLFUVQBUPSBUSBEJUJPOBM+BWBOFTF A,VQBUBOJTOPUKVTUBUSBEJUJPOBMEBZPG&JECZTFSWJOH 5IFUFYUVSFJOBSUNFBOTLBSBLUVS OBUVSF PSUIFWBMVF LFUVQBU CVU IBT NBOZ QSPGPVOE NFBOJOHT CFIJOE JUT PGBTVSGBDFNBUFSJBMUIBUMPPLTBOEPSUPVDIFE6TVBMMZ VTFGPSWBSJPVTPDDBTJPOTJOUIFMJGFPGTPDJFUZ SBOHJOH JOUIFGPSNPGBTNPPUIUFYUVSF SPVHI CVNQZ TMJQQFSZ GSPNNFUIPETBOENBUFSJBMTUPNBLFJU UPIPXUPFBUJU BOETPPO0GDPVSTFUIFUFYUVSFPGXPPE TUPOF DFSBNJD *UJTUIFTZNCPMJDNFBOJOHPGUIFTFWBSJPVTBTQFDUT BOEQBQFSIBWFEJòFSJOHWBMVFT
128 | IDEALOGY 2 t+VSOBM4FOJ#VEBZB Meaning from the Name -FCVSBO JO MJOF XJUI UIF NFBOJOH PG OHBLViMFQBUw JF DPOGFTTBOEBQPMPHJ[FUPFBDIPUIFSJO+BWBOFTFDVMUVSF ,FUVQBU JO UIF +BWB MBOHVBHF JT DBMMFE ,VQBU UIBU JT UIF JNQMFNFOUBUJPO PG -FCVSBO PO TU 4IBXXBM XJUI UIF USBEJUJPO PG UIF LFUVQBUDPOTVNJOH PVUTJEF BGUFS TQFFDIFTPGBQPMPHZGSPNBMPXFSTPDJBMTUBUVTQFSTPOUP UIFEBZPGFJE XIJDIJTVTVBMMZDBMMFE,FUVQBU3BZB PS BQFSTPOPGIJHIFSTPDJBMTUBUVT PSGSPNDIJMEUPQBSFOU SFGFSSFEUPBTBOPVUTJEF,VQBUUSBEJUJPO,VQBUDPNFT UIBUJT HSFFUJOHiNVHJTFHFEBMFCVSJOHEJOUFONFOJLBw GSPN1BUPS-FQBU PòFOTF BOEiPVUTJEFwXIJDINFBOT *U NFBOT UIBU BMM NJTUBLFT CFGPSF UIJT DBO CF SFNPWFE PVUTJEF PSGSFFEPSSFMFBTFE XJUIUIFIPQFUIBUQFPQMF BOEFYDVTFEPOUIBUEBZ XIPFBUBLFUVQBUNFBOTUIFZBSFJOEFQFOEFOUBOEGSFF GSPNPòFOTF8JUIUIFQVCMJDFYQFDUFEUPGPSHJWFTJOTPG -BCVSBO MBCVS XIJUFXBTI JT NBUFSJBM UP XIJUFO UIF FWFSZPOFXJUIUIFTZNCPMJTNPGLFUVQBUDPOTVNJOH XBMMT *O UIJT DBTF BT B TZNCPM UIBU HJWFT NFBOJOH UP UBLFDBSFPGZPVSTFMGQIZTJDBMMZBOETQJSJUVBMMZ4PBGUFS 'SPNPOFTPVSDF UIFLFUVQBUGSPNLFSPUPCPTP MBOHVBHF JNQMFNFOUJOH UIF MFCVSBO GPSHJWJOH FBDI PUIFS BCCSFWJBUJPO PGTBJE/HBLV-FQBUUIBUNFBOTBENJUUJOH .VTMJNTBSFBEWJTFEUPLFFQBHPPEBUUJUVEFBOEBDUJPOT NJTUBLFT 5IF USBEJUJPO PG NBLJOH BOE DPOTVNJOH UPSFøFDUHPPENBOOFSTUPP LFUVQBUJTFYQFDUFEUPNBLFVTBENJUPVSNJTUBLFTTP UIBUIFMQTVTUPGPSHJWFUIFNJTUBLFTPGPUIFSTBTXFMM 5IVT UIF NFBOJOH DPOUBJOFE JO UIF LFUVQBU TFSWFE 5IJTNFBOT UIFSFXJMMCFBOPUIFSTJOEJTTPMWFE XIFSFBOZPOFXIPFBUTJUTDPOTJEFSTBCPVUUIFNFBOJOH BOEUIFNFTTBHFDPOUBJOFEJOJU ,FUVQBUPS,VQBUJO+BWBMBOHVBHFBTi+BWBEIPTPLwBMTP NFBOTiOHBLVMFQBUw*OUIJTDBTFDPOUBJOTUIFPSEFSUIBU Meaning from the Form/Shape TPNFPOF JNNFEJBUFMZ BENJUUT IJT HVJMU XIFO NBLJOH NJTUBLFT5IFBDUJPOiOHBLVMFQBUwIBTCFDPNFBIBCJU ,FUVQBU TIBQF SFQSFTFOUT QFSGFDUJPO 5IJT SFMBUFT UP PSUSBEJUJPOPOUIFöSTUEBZPG4IBXXBM JFCZQSPWJEJOH UIFWJDUPSZPG.VTMJNTBGUFSBNPOUIPGGBTUJOHBOEUIF LFUVQBUBOEUIFPUIFSEJTIFTJOUIFIPNFTPOUIFEBZPG WJDUPSZBHBJOTUMVTU &JE TPDBMMFELFUVQBUMFCBSBO"MMUIJTTIPXTUIFTBNF TZNCPM DPOGFTTJPO UP UIF "MNJHIUZ (PE BOE UP UIFJS 5IFBOHVMBSTIBQFPGUIFLFUVQBUDBOCFEFöOFECZUIF GFMMPXIVNBOCFJOHT +BWBDPNNVOJUZBTUIFFNCPEJNFOUPGLJCMBUQBQBUMJNP QBODFS *U JT NFBOJOH LJCMBU QBQBU MJNP QBODFS BT UIF ,FUVQBU GSPN UIF MBOHVBHF PG 4VOEB JT BMTP DBMMFE BT CBMBODF PG OBUVSF EJBHPOBM EJSFDUJPOT OBNFMZ &BTU LVQBU NFBOTUIBUTPNFPOFXIPEPFTOUMJLFUPOHVQBU 4PVUI 8FTU BOE/PSUI)PXFWFS BMMUIFTFEJSFDUJPOTBSF HPTTJQ XIJDIJTCBENPVUIJOHPUIFSQFPQMF CFDBVTF BSPVOEBDFOUFS LJCMBU 8IFOPOFPGUIFNJTNJTTJOH UIJTXPVMEBSPVTFUIFBOHFSPGPUIFST*OUIJTTFOTFPOF UIF CBMBODF PG OBUVSF XJMM CF MPTU 4VDI XBT UIF NBO DBOCFSFNJOEFEUPSFGSBJOGSPNBDUJPOTUIBUOHVQBU JOIJTIFSMJGF IFTIFHPFTJOBOZEJSFDUJPO CVUOPUUP GPSHFU(PE"MNJHIUZ "MPOHXJUIUIFBCPWFNFBOJOHTBOEUIFEBUFTPG4IBXXBM ,VQBUJTi+BWBEIPTPLwGSPNiMBLVQBQBUw GPVSNFBTVSFT ,JCMBU QBQBU MJNP QBODFS DBO BMTP CF EFöOFE BT 5IFDVMUVSFPGTFSWJOHLFUVQBUPOTUPG4IBXXBMHJWFT UZQFT PG IVNBO QBTTJPOT JO UIF USBEJUJPO PG BNBSBI UIFNFBOJOHUIBUIVNBOTIBWFUPUBLFBDUJPOTXIJDI BMVBNBI TVQJBI EBONVUNBJOBI"OHFSJTBOFNPUJPOBM MFCBSBO MVCFSBO MFCVSBOBOEMBCVSBO EFTJSF MVTUBMVBNBIUPTBUJTGZIVOHFS MVTUTVQJBIJTUP IBWF TPNFUIJOH CFBVUJGVM PS HPPE BOE UIF MVTU GPS &JE NFBOTiDPNQMFUJPOw*UJTJOUFOEFEUIBUUIFöSTUEBZ NVUNBJOBI GPSDF ZPVSTFMG 5IF GPVS QBTTJPOT BSF GPVS PG4IBXXBMJTUIFTJHOPGUIFDPNQMFUJPOPGGBTUJOH UIFO UIJOHT UIBU XF OFFE UP NBJOUBJO EVSJOH GBTUJOH TP CZ TUPG4IBXXBMJTDPNNPOMZSFGFSSFEUPBTUIFIPMJEBZ FBUJOH LFUVQBU TZNCPMJ[FT UIBU XF IBWF CFFO BCMF UP 0OUIFEBZPG&JE.VTMJNTBSFSFRVJSFEUPFBU BOEOPUUP SFTJTUUFNQUBUJPOT GBTUBOZNPSF Meaning from the Making Process -VCFSBO NFBOT PWFSøPX MJLF XBUFS GSPN B KBS TP BCVOEBOUDPOUFOUTBSFTQJMMFEPWFS*UJTBTZNCPMUIBU ,FUVQBUJTBGPPEXJUISJDFDPOUFOUTJOJU QBDLFEVTJOH HJWFTUIFPSEFSUPHJWFTPNFPGPOFTXFBMUIUPUIFQPPS KBOVS PS DPDPOVU MFBWFT XIJDI BSF ZFMMPXJTI JO DPMPS UIBUJT DIBSJUZXJUITVDITJODFSJUZTQJMMTPWFSøPXXBUFS 5IF USBEJUJPO CFHBO XJUI UIF XFBWJOH UIF QBDLBHJOH GSPNUIFKBS5IJTDBOCFTFFOJOUIF*TMBNJDUSBEJUJPOUIBU PS DBTJOH 5IF DBTJOH JT NBEF VTVBMMZ CFGPSF &JE BOE JT HJWJOHTFEFLBIPS[BLBUöUSBIPOTUPG4IBXXBM NBEFVTVBMMZ CZ XPNFO .BLJOH B LFUVQBU JO B HSPVQ
IDEALOGY 2 t+VSOBM4FOJ#VEBZB | 129 JT FOMJWFOFE PO UIF %BZ PG &JE BOE EFNPOTUSBUFT Meaning from Weaving Process GBNJMJBSJUZBNPOHUIFDPNNVOJUZ0OFXBZUPDPPLSJDF DBLFJTCZCPJMJOHJUJODPDPOVUNJML PS JGUIFLFUVQBUJT 5XPTUSBOETPGDPDPOVU ZPVOHDPDPOVUMFBWFT XPWFO CPJMFEJOQMBJOXBUFS JUXJMMCFTFSWFEXJUIGPPEXIJDI JOUPBLFUVQBUTZNCPMJ[FUIFCPOEPGIVNBOMJGFNBSSJFE JT DPPLFE XJUI DPDPOVU NJML5IJT NBLFT UIF QSJWJMFHF DPVQMF PG UXP TPVMT JOUP POF 5XP TUSBOET PG XPWFO PG UIF LFUVQBU BT B TQFDJBM GPPE BT XFMM TJHOJöFT UIF DPDPOVU XFBWFE QBJOTUBLJOHMZ UP CFDPNF DBTJOH PG SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO DPNNVOJUJFT BOE UIF TPDJBM LFUVQBU 5IJT TJUVBUJPO JT BLJO UP IPX EJóDVMU JU JT UP JOUFSBDUJPO CFUXFFO GBNJMJFT BOE SFTJEFOUT EVSJOH UIF NBJOUBJOIBSNPOZPGIPVTFIPMET,FUVQBUJTOPUEJóDVMU QSPDFTTPGQSFQBSJOHUIFLFUVQBU JGZPVXBOUUPFBUKVTUCZUBLJOHBLOJGFBOEUIFODVUJU BOEDBODPOUJOVFUPFBU5IJTTJUVBUJPOJTBLJOUPIVNBO Meaning from the Yellow Janur (Young Coconut MJGFUIBUJTIBSEUPCFNBSSJFECVUJGZPVXBOUBEJWPSDF Leaves) JT WFSZ TJNQMF BT TQMJUUJOH UIF LFUVQBU ,FUVQBU BMTP TZNCPMJ[FTWBSJPVTIVNBOBõJDUJPOT XIJDIBSFWJTJCMF +BOVS B OBNF JO +BWBOFTF EIPTPL DVMUVSF USVF OVS GSPNUIFDPNQMFYJUZPGXFBWJOHUIFLFUVQBUDBTJOH TIPSU GPSi+BUJOJOH OVSw PS CF DPOTUSVFE BT B WPJDF PG DPOTDJFODF BQVSFIFBSU 5IFZFMMPXKBOVSPSDPDPOVU Meaning from Colors MFBWFT BSF B TZNCPM PG SFGVTFE SFJOGPSDFNFOUT "U UIF ,SBUPO4VSBLBSUB JTPOFPGUIFBDDFTTPSJFTSFRVJSFEUPCF ,FUVQBUSFøFDUTUIFDMFBOMJOFTTBOEQVSJUZPGIFBSUBGUFS VTFE JOUIFGPSNPGMPOHZFMMPXDMPUI5IFGBCSJDJTDBMMFE QSBZJOH GPS GPSHJWFOFTT5IBU JT USBOTMBUFE UISPVHI UIF 4BNJS4BNJSJTBSFQFMMFOUSFJOGPSDFNFOU TPUIFKBOVSJT XIJUFDPMPSPGUIFSJDFBTXFMMBTUIFDPMPSXIJUFDPDPOVU UIFTZNCPMPGUIFTBNJS NJML .FBOXIJMF UIF ZFMMPXJTI HSFFO MFBG DPMPS HJWFT NFBOJOHPGGSFTIOFTT TFSFOJUZBOEHFOUMFOFTTPGOBUVSF Meaning from Rice DSFBUFECZ(PE
3JDF BT B TZNCPM PG QSPTQFSJUZ SJDF JT DPOTJEFSFE BT Meaning from the Way it is Serves B QSBZFS UIBU XF XJMM BMM CF HJWFO UIF BCVOEBODF PG QSPTQFSJUZBGUFSGBTUJOH3JDFQSPWFEUPCFBTZNCPMPG "TJEFGSPNFBUJOHBLFUVQBUJOUIFNPSOJOHPG&JEXJUI BMVTUGVMXPSME TPUIBUUIFLFUVQBUTZNCPMPGMVTUGVMUIF GBNJMZ UIFSF QVOKVOHBO FWFOU UIBU JT EFMJWFSJOH PG XPSMEUIBUNBZCFDPWFSFECZDPOTDJFODF UIFJOUFOUPG SFBEZDPPLFE NFBMT BU OJHIU PS FBSMZ NPSOJOH UP ZPVS UIFMFBG 5IJTNFBOTFWFSZIVNBOCFJOHIBTEFTJSFT CVU SFMBUJWFT IPVTFT TUBSUJOH XJUI UIF PMEFTU CSPUIFST EFTJSFTJUNBZCFDPOUSPMMFEPSSFTUSBJOFECZDPOTDJFODF IPVTFöSTU5IJTHJWFTNFBOJOHJOUIF+BWBDPNNVOJUZ *O UIJT WFJO JG B NBO DBOOPU DPOUSPM UIF EFTJSFT PG IJT JOEJHFOPVTQVOKVOHBOXIJDINFBOTUPHJWFSFTQFDUBOE XPSME UIFOTPNFPOFXJMMSFWFBMUIFOBUVSFPGUIFFHP BQQSFDJBUJPOUPPMEFSSFMBUJWFTBOEUIJTNBLFTBGBNJMZ BOEUIFBDUJPOTJUEPFTSFøFDUUIFTIFFSMVTU5IJTNFBOT SFMBUJPOTIJQ UIBUUIFMJHIUPG(PETIJOJOHSFEVDFEGSPNUIFIVNBOT IFBSU0OFTIPVMECFBCMFUPöHIUIJTMVTUTPBTUPBDIJFWF TFMGDPOUSPM Meaning from Customs and Beliefs
Meaning from Coconut Milk ,FUVQBUJTBMTPVTFEBTBTVQQMFNFOUJOUIFIVNBOMJGF DZDMF GPSFYBNQMF GPSUIFQVSQPTFPGGPVSNPOUITPME $PDPOVU NJML PS JO UIF +BWB MBOHVBHF JT TBOUFO CBCZ JO UIF XPNC 5IF UZQFT PG LFUVQBU VTFE JO UIJT TZOPOZNPVT XJUI UIF TPVOE PG UIF XPSE OHBQVOUFO DFSFNPOZUPDFMFCSBUFBSFLFUVQBUKBHP LFUVQBUTJOUB XIJDINFBOTBQPMPHJ[F"GBNPVTQPFNUIBUNFOUJPOT LFUVQBUTJEPMVOHHVIBOELFUVQBUMVXBSUIFGPMMPXJOH UIFLFUVQBUBOEDPDPOVUNJMLJT NFBOJOHT
'PVSUZQFTPG,FUVQBUBSFVTFE JOMJOFXJUIUIFQSFHOBODZ .BOHBOLVQBUOHBOHHPTBOUFO QFSJPEPGGPVSNPOUIT .FOBXJMFQBU OZVXVOQBOHBQVOUFO &BUJOHLFUVQBUXJUIDPDPOVUNJML ,FUVQBU+BHP$POUBJOTUIFJOUFOUJPOUIBUUIFCBCZUP *GUIFSFBOZNJTUBLFQMFBTFGPSHJWF CFCPSOBNBMFJTUPCFBDIBNQJPO IFSP UIBUJT IBWF UIFDIBSBDUFSPGBLOJHIUBOEIBWFIJHITUBUVT
130 | IDEALOGY 2 t+VSOBM4FOJ#VEBZB ,FUVQBU4JOUB4JOUBJTBTZNCPMPGBCFBVUJGVMXPNBO References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iOHFMVXBSJ VKBSw JF GVMöMMFE UIF FYQFDUBUJPO "HVT 8JCPXP ,FTBMFIBO ,VMUVSBM 5SBEJTJ 4ZBXBMBO 5IJT NFBOT UIF QSFHOBODZ JT UIF BDIJFWFNFOU PG UIF )BSJBO 4JOBS )BSBQBO &EJTJ 4FMBTB 4FQUFNCFS FYQFDUBUJPOTPGQBSFOUTXIPXBOUBDIJMEUISPVHIUIF +BLBSUB QSPDFTTPGQSFHOBODZ "LUB8BSJTBO,FCBOHTBBO "LUB +BCBUBO8BSJTBO 3FUSJFWFE GSPN 5JN ,PPSEJOBTJ 4JBSBO %JSFLUPSBU /FHBSB ,FNFOUFSJBO ,FCVEBZBBO ,FTFOJBO EBO 8BSJTBO +FOEFSBM,FCVEBZBBO ,F,,8" ,VBMB-VNQVS
Conclusion #JMM 4 1BDLBHJOH %FTJHO -BVSFODF ,JOH 1VCMJTIJOH UK 5IFöOEJOHTIBWFTIPXOUIBUPOMZPGIPVTFIPMET XIPLOPXIPXUPXFBWFLFUVQBU5IJTNFBOTUIBUJOB $IBJ 8VBOH 4IFO 6OTVSVOTVS 4FOJ IUUQ GBNJMZXJUIBUPUBMPGGBNJMZNFNCFST POUIFBWFSBHF DIBJXVBOHTIFOXFFCMZDPNQPTU VOTVSVOTVS TFOJIUNM POMZ QFSTPOT LOPX IPX UP XFBWF LFUVQBU "NPOH QBSFOUTXIPLOPXIPXUPXFBWFLFUVQBU JTPOMZ (SPUI $ &YQMPSJOH 1BDLBHF %FTJHO 5IF "SU BOE PG UIFN 5IF SFNBJOJOH JT BNPOH UIF DIJMESFO 5FDIOJRVFT PG %FTJHOJOH &YDFQUJPOBM 1BDLBHJOH 5IPNTPO XIPSFQSFTFOUUIFZPVOHFSHFOFSBUJPO5IFTUVEZBMTP %FMNBS-FBSOJOH $BOBEB TIPXTBCPVUPGUIF.BMBZDPNNVOJUZLOPXBCPVU UIF TZNCPMJD NFBOJOH BOE QIJMPTPQIZ CFIJOE UIF BSU (PSEPO -3 'PPE1BDLBHJOH1SJODJQMFTBOE1SBDUJDF PGXFBWJOHBTBUSBEJUJPOBMGPPEDBLF)PXFWFS OPUBMM .BSDFM%FLLFS*OD /FX:PSL 64" QSBDUJDFEUIFTFTZNCPMTJOUIFJSEBJMZMJGFBTIBECFFO QSBDUJDFECZQSFWJPVTHFOFSBUJPOT )BTBOBI %S "OZBN ,FUVQBU 4FOJ ,SBGUBOHBO ZBOH EJMVQBLBO XXX%S)BTBOBIDPN 5IJTTJUVBUJPOHJWFTUIFJNQSFTTJPOUIBUUIFJNQPSUBODF )BTIJN )K .VTB 1FNFSLBTBBO 5BNBEVO .FMBZV PG SFTFBSDI EPOF PO UIF LFUVQBU BT USBEJUJPOBM GPPE .BMBZTJB .FOHIBEBQJ (MPCBMJTBTJ #BSBU 1FOFSCJU 6OJWFSTJUJ QIJMPTPQIZ BTBDVMUVSBMQSBDUJDFDBODSFBUFTPNFUIJOHPG .BMBZB ,VBMB,VNQVS BSUJTUJDWBMVF BOEBMTPBTBTZNCPMPGDVMUVSBMFYQSFTTJPOT UIBUIBWFNFBOJOHBOEHPPEQSBDUJDF*UUVSOFEPVUTP )JEFZVLJ 0LB )PX UP 8SBQ 'JWF &HHT 5SBEJUJPOBM GBS UIBUUIFQVCMJDOFFETUPCFDVMUJWBUFEBHBJOTPUIBU +BQBOFTF1BDLBHJOH 8FBUIFSIJMM #PTUPO UIFZVOEFSTUBOEUIFNFBOJOHCFIJOEDVMUVSBMBDUJWJUJFT .:VTSJM"OXBS"M+BGBSZ 1FOHBSVI5SBEJTJ,VQBUBO )BSJ BOETPDJBMBSPVOEUIFNUIBUIBTBNFBOJOHUIBUDBOCF 3BZB,FUVQBU UFSIBEBQTJLBQLFBHBNBBO.BTZBSBLBU%VLVI VTFEJOFWFSZEBZMJGF5IFLFUVQBUTIPVMECFQSPNPUFEJO ,MVNPTBSJ 'BLVMUJ "HBNB *TMBN 6OJWFSTJUJ .VIBNNBEJBI BOJOJUJBUJWFUPJNQSPWFUIFDPVOUSZTDVMUVSBMIFSJUBHFTP 4VSBLBSUB *OEPOFTJB UIBUJUCFDPNFTQBSUPGUIFOBUJPOBMDVMUVSF
IDEALOGY 2 t+VSOBM4FOJ#VEBZB | 131 .BS[JUB 1VUFI 4BEJBI #BIBSPN +BNJMBI 0NBS 8BO )BTIJN8BO5FI /JMBJ #VEBZB .BTZBSBLBU 1FNJLJSBO 4BJOUJöL EBO .BUFNBUJL EBMBN ,SBG %FTB ,BKJBO&UOPHSBöEJ8BOH,FMJBO 1FSMJT %#1 "OZBNBO #VMVI .FMBZV 5SBEJTJPOBM 4BUV ,BKJBO ,FT +VSOBM1FSBEBCBO.FMBZV +JMJE 5BIVO 6OJWFSTJUJ :VSJLP 4BJUP &WFSZEBZ "FTUIFUJDT 0YGPSE 1FOEJEJLBO4VMUBO*ESJT 5H.BMBN 6OJWFSTJUZ /:
/JL )BTTBO 4VIBJNJ /JL "CE 3BINBO "TQFL IUUQBSKVOBGJSEBVTJCMPHTQPUDPNUVUPSJBM BTQFL5BNBEVO.FMBZV1FSLFNCBOHBOEBO1FSVCBIBO NFNCVBUNFOHBOZBNLFUVQBUSBZBIUNM 4FNJOBS8BSJTBO4FOJ#BOHTB#JDBSB8BSJTBO,IB[BOBI +JXB 6QFOB 6J5.4IBI"MBN IUUQXXX"CTPMVUF"TUSPOPNZDPN
/PPS /JLNBO 4BMMFI #BC *NQBL (MPCBMJTBTJ IUUQXXX B$FI 'PSVN $PNNVOJUZIUN 4FKBSBI 4FOJEBO,FCVEBZBBO 6OJWFSTJUJ5FLOPMPHJ.BMBZTJB ,FUVQBU <"QSJM>
3BINBU"XBOH 1SPG.BEZB #BIBZB#BIBO,JNJB IUUQJETIWPPOHDPNIVNBOJUJFTBSUTVOTVS %BMBN 1FNCVOHLVTBO 1MBTUJL 1VTBU 3BDVO /FHBSB VOTVSTFOJSVQB 64. IUUQXXX5JN ,PPSEJOBTJ 4JBSBO %JSFLUPSBU +FOEFSBM 4..PIBNFE*ESJT ,FUVQBU4FHFSB%BMBN1MBTUJL ,FCVEBZBBO "OFLB 3BHBN ,IBTBOBI #VEBZB CPMFI"LJCBU,BOTFS 6UVTBO.BMBZTJB /PWFNCFS /VTBOUBSB 7* +BLBSUB %FQBSUFNFO 1FOEJEJLBO EBO QH> ,FCVEBZBBO
4JUJ;BJOPO*TNBJM 3FLBCFOUVL,SBGUBOHBO.FMBZV 5SBEJTJ %FXBO#BIBTBEBO1VTUBLB ,VBMB-VNQVS
5IF0YGPSE1BQFSCBDL%JDUJPOBSZ
132 | IDEALOGY 2 t+VSOBM4FOJ#VEBZB