Soyombo Script in ISO/IEC 10646
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2019 International Religious Freedom Report
CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, XINJIANG, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary Reports on Hong Kong, Macau, Tibet, and Xinjiang are appended at the end of this report. The constitution, which cites the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, states that citizens have freedom of religious belief but limits protections for religious practice to “normal religious activities” and does not define “normal.” Despite Chairman Xi Jinping’s decree that all members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) must be “unyielding Marxist atheists,” the government continued to exercise control over religion and restrict the activities and personal freedom of religious adherents that it perceived as threatening state or CCP interests, according to religious groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and international media reports. The government recognizes five official religions – Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Protestantism, and Catholicism. Only religious groups belonging to the five state- sanctioned “patriotic religious associations” representing these religions are permitted to register with the government and officially permitted to hold worship services. There continued to be reports of deaths in custody and that the government tortured, physically abused, arrested, detained, sentenced to prison, subjected to forced indoctrination in CCP ideology, or harassed adherents of both registered and unregistered religious groups for activities related to their religious beliefs and practices. There were several reports of individuals committing suicide in detention, or, according to sources, as a result of being threatened and surveilled. In December Pastor Wang Yi was tried in secret and sentenced to nine years in prison by a court in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, in connection to his peaceful advocacy for religious freedom. -
Öndör Gegen Zanabazar and His Role in the Mongolian Culture
Öndör Gegen Zanabazar and his Role in the Mongolian Culture ZSOLT SZILÁGYI In the seventeenth century, Inner Asia witnessed a struggle of armies and ideolo- gies. There was competition between the Manchu Empire and tsarist Russia for greater influence in Inner Asia. It was also a question of whether Tibet and the newly formed Oirat Khaganate would be able to counterbalance them. The terri- torial dividedness of Halha-Mongolia and the ongoing civil war made it unambi- guous that the descendants of the world-conquering Mongols of the thirteenth century could play only a subordinate role in this game. After the collapse of the Great Mongol Empire, the eastern Mongolian territories were divided for three centuries, with only the short intermission of the relatively stable rule of Batu Mongke. The foundation of the Mongolian Buddhist Church in the seventeenth century coincides with this not so prosperous era of Mongolian history. Óndór Gegen, who is known as the founder of the Mongol Buddhist Church, was an active participant in these events. Besides spreading Buddhism, he made indisputable steps to conserve the Mongol traditions and with their help to pro- tect the cultural and social integrity of Mongol society. From the second half of the seventeenth century, the foundation of the Buddhist church gave an opportu- nity for the Mongols to preserve their cultural identity even during the Manchu occupation despite the unifying efforts of the Empire, and later it was an indis- pensable condition of their political independence, too. Let me now show the in- novations which played an important role in the everyday life of the Mongols and which nowadays can be considered as traditional in the resurrection of Mon- golian Buddhism. -
Iso/Iec Jtc1/Sc2/Wg2 L2/11-125
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N4026 L2/11-125 2011-04-25 Title: Revised Preliminary Proposal to Encode Soyombo in the UCS Source: Script Encoding Initiative (SEI) Author: Anshuman Pandey ([email protected]) Status: Liaison Contribution Action: For consideration by UTC and WG2 Date: 2011-04-25 1 Introduction This document is a revision of “Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Soyombo Script in ISO/IEC 10646” (N3949 L2/10-399). The major change is the encoding model for vowels. Vowel letters are now to be written using a vowel-carrier letter and a set of combining signs (see N3986 L2/11-054). Additional changes include minor revisions to character names and properties. Some issues identified during additional research are enumerated in Section 5. Resolution of these issues is necessary before a final encoding for Soyombo may be established. The Soyombo font used here is based upon the font developed by Oliver Corff in August 1996 for his “Soyombo for LATEX” package. Some modifications have been made to Corff’s font and new glyphs added by the present author. A new font is being developed and will accompany the formal proposal. 2 Background Soyombo (Mongolian: Соёмбо бичиг soyombo bicig) is a script used for writing Mongolian, Sanskrit, and Tibetan. It was used mainly for producing ornamental Buddhist texts.1 The script was designed in 1686 by Zanabazar (1635–1723), the first spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia, who also developed the Xäwtää Dörböljin (Horizonal Square) script.2 The name soyombo (ᡒᡍᡶᡖ) is derived from Sanskrit वयंभु svayaṃbhu ‘self-existing’. -
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N 4823 Date: 2017-05-24
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N 4823 Date: 2017-05-24 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 Coded Character Set Secretariat: Japan (JISC) Doc. Type: Disposition of comments Title: Disposition of comments on PDAM1.2 to ISO/IEC 10646 5th edition Source: Michel Suignard (project editor) Project: JTC1 02.10646.00.01.00.05 Status: For review by WG2 Date: 2017-05-24 Distribution: WG2 Reference: SC2 N4518 Medium: Paper, PDF file Comments were received from the following members: China, Ireland, Japan, Mongolia, UK, and USA. The following document is the disposition of those comments. The disposition is organized per country. Note – With some minor exceptions, the full content of the ballot comments has been included in this document to facilitate the reading. The dispositions are inserted in between these comments and are marked in Underlined Bold Serif text, with explanatory text in italicized serif. As a result of this disposition, a new PDAM1.3 ballot will be initiated. It is expected to be the last PDAM ballot for Amendment 1 before a DAM ballot is initiated. Page 1 Following these dispositions, the following changes were done to the Amendment repertoire: Xiangqi game symbols 30 characters removed (U+1F270..U+1F28D) from the Enclose Ideographic Supplement block (U+1F200..U+1F2FF) and replaced by 14 characters (U+1FA60..U+1FA6D) in a new block: Chess Symbols (U+1FA00..U+1FA6F) with names and code points as follows: 1FA60 RED XIANGQI GENERAL 1FA61 RED XIANGQI MANDARIN 1FA62 RED XIANGQI ELEPHANT 1FA63 RED XIANGQI HORSE 1FA64 RED XIANGQI CHARIOT 1FA65 RED XIANGQI CANNON 1FA66 RED XIANGQI SOLDIER 1FA67 BLACK XIANGQI GENERAL 1FA68 BLACK XIANGQI MANDARIN 1FA69 BLACK XIANGQI ELEPHANT 1FA6A BLACK XIANGQI HORSE 1FA6B BLACK XIANGQI CHARIOT 1FA6C BLACK XIANGQI CANNON 1FA6D BLACK XIANGQI SOLDIER Small Historic Kana The characters proposed at 1B127..1B12F are removed from this amendment. -
ASIAN Philosophy of Protected Areas
ASIAN Philosophy of Protected Areas ! ! ! ! ! Asian Philosophy of Protected Areas Prepared by: Amran Hamzah Dylan Jefri Ong Dario Pampanga Centre for Innovative Planning and Development (CiPD) Faculty of Built Environment Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai, Johor, Malaysia October 2013 ! ! ! ! ! Asian Philosophy of Protected Areas Acknowledgement This report has been prepared for the IUCN Biodiversity Conservation Programme, Asia, with the generous financial support of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The authors would like to thank both the above agencies for their continuous support through the duration of the research, especially to Scott Perkin, the Head of the IUCN Biodiversity Conservation Programme and Tanya Wattanakorn. Many individuals provided assistance in the form of providing information, comments and suggestions and we are indebted to them. We would like to single out the exceptional contributions given by Nigel Crawhall, Les Clark, Lawal Marafa, Robert Blasiak in giving us constructive comments and suggestions to improve the report. Thanks too to the team from the Centre for Innovative Planning and Development (CIPD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for carrying out the fieldwork at Kinabalu Park, Sabah and the subsequent analysis. Sabah Parks kindly provided assistance during our fieldwork and we are grateful to its Director, Mr. Paul Basintal and Mr. Maipol Spait for their continuous help. Finally a big thank you to Yong Jia Yaik and Abdullah Lahat for their technical and editorial assistance. Amran Hamzah Dylan -
Töwkhön, the Retreat of Öndör Gegeen Zanabazar As a Pilgrimage Site Zsuzsa Majer Budapest
Töwkhön, The ReTReaT of öndöR GeGeen ZanabaZaR as a PilGRimaGe siTe Zsuzsa Majer Budapest he present article describes one of the revived up to the site is not always passable even by jeep, T Mongolian monasteries, having special especially in winter or after rain. Visitors can reach the significance because it was once the retreat and site on horseback or on foot even when it is not possible workshop of Öndör Gegeen Zanabazar, the main to drive up to the monastery. In 2004 Töwkhön was figure and first monastic head of Mongolian included on the list of the World’s Cultural Heritage Buddhism. Situated in an enchanted place, it is one Sites thanks to its cultural importance and the natural of the most frequented pilgrimage sites in Mongolia beauties of the Orkhon River Valley area. today. During the purges in 1937–38, there were mass Information on the monastery is to be found mainly executions of lamas, the 1000 Mongolian monasteries in books on Mongolian architecture and historical which then existed were closed and most of them sites, although there are also some scattered data totally destroyed. Religion was revived only after on the history of its foundation in publications on 1990, with the very few remaining temple buildings Öndör Gegeen’s life. In his atlas which shows 941 restored and new temples erected at the former sites monasteries and temples that existed in the past in of the ruined monasteries or at the new province and Mongolia, Rinchen marked the site on his map of the subprovince centers. Öwörkhangai monasteries as Töwkhön khiid (No. -
Studie Tvarového Řešení Národního Mongolského Oděvu
STUDIE TVAROVÉHO ŘEŠENÍ NÁRODNÍHO MONGOLSKÉHO ODĚVU Bakalářská práce Studijní program: B3107 – Textil Studijní obor: 3107R013 – Management obchodu s oděvy Autor práce: Dorzhi Munkuev Vedoucí práce: Ing. Blažena Musilová, Ph.D. Liberec 2014 Prohlášení Byl jsem seznámen s tím, že na mou bakalářskou práci se plně vzta- huje zákon č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, zejména § 60 – školní dílo. Beru na vědomí, že Technická univerzita v Liberci (TUL) nezasahuje do mých autorských práv užitím mé bakalářské práce pro vnitřní potřebu TUL. Užiji-li bakalářskou práci nebo poskytnu-li licenci k jejímu využití, jsem si vědom povinnosti informovat o této skutečnosti TUL; v tomto pří- padě má TUL právo ode mne požadovat úhradu nákladů, které vyna- ložila na vytvoření díla, až do jejich skutečné výše. Bakalářskou práci jsem vypracoval samostatně s použitím uvedené literatury a na základě konzultací s vedoucím mé bakalářské práce a konzultantem. Současně čestně prohlašuji, že tištěná verze práce se shoduje s elek- tronickou verzí, vloženou do IS STAG. Datum: Podpis: Poděkování Tímto bych rád poděkoval své vedoucí bakalářské práce paní Ing. Blaženě Musilové za její čas a cenné rady, které mi poskytla při konzultacích. Dále bych poděkoval pracovníkům národní knihovny Burjatské republiky za poskytnutí literatury. Současně bych chtěl poděkovat rodině za podporu a přátelům za pomoc s korekturami textu. 5 ANOTACE Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá studiem historie a specifiky národního mongolského oděvu. Na základě této studie je navržen novodobý oděv s využitím tradičních prvků. Analytická část zahrnuje studium informací o hodnocení somatotypu mongolských mužů a národních norem pro označování velikostí oděvu. Praktická část zahrnuje měření vybraného somatotypu a test dynamiky oděvu. -
The Bank of Mongolia the BANK of MONGOLIA
THE BANK OF MONGOLIA THE BANK OF MONGOLIA ANNUAL REPORT 2020 FOREWORD BY THE GOVERNOR OF THE BANK OF MONGOLIA On behalf of the Bank of Mongolia, I extend my sincere greetings to all of you and am pleased to present the Bank of Mongolia's annual report. It was a year marked with facing unprecedented challenges economically and socially. The Mongolian economy contracted by 5.3 percent in 2020, the worst contraction in the past 20 years, driven by non-economic shock. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic affecting every country across all sectors and people's lives, we successfully overcame economic and financial challenges together. In this regard, highlighting 3 crucial courses of actions: First, the Bank of Mongolia is taking necessary measures following international experience and laws to reduce the negative impact on the economy and the financial sector, to alleviate the financial difficulties and pressures of citizens, businesses, and financial institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The monetary policy outlook was eased through countercyclical measures, and the policy rate was reduced from 11 percent to a historically low of 6 percent. These policy measures will have a direct impact on economic recovery and lower interest rates. Second, Mongolia was removed from the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)'s list of jurisdictions under increased monitoring in a short amount of time. The European Commission also decided to remove Mongolia from its list of high-risk third countries with strategic deficiencies in their regime on anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing. Third, the togrog's exchange rate has remained stable despite the pandemic. -
India & Mongolia in the Middle Ages – More Than Just a Connection
Ancient History of Asian Countries India & Mongolia in the Middle Ages – More Than Just a Connection By Mohan Gopal Author Mohan Gopal The Taj Mahal area and traced his lineage to a line of Turkic-Mongol warlords who alternately plagued, plundered, ruled and governed in greater or If there is one monument which conjures up an image of India, it lesser components a vast region which roughly spans the areas of is the Taj Mahal. It was constructed c. 1631 at the behest of Emperor present-day Turkey, southern Russia, the northern Middle East, Shah Jahan as the ultimate memorial and place of eternal rest for his central Asia, northern Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India. beloved wife, Mumtaj. The Taj, as it is commonly referred to, is for The most commonly known name in this lineage was Tamerlane, romanticists across the globe, the ultimate architectural poem of love born in 1336 in central Asia, also known as Timur the Lame, Timur etched in white marble with floral motifs inlaid with precious stones; the Great or Timur the Horrible, depending on which perspective one a monument of perfect geometrical balance and symmetry. In this took – that of his huge territorial conquests or the countless and mausoleum lie the tombs of Emperor Shah Jahan and his beloved endless massacres and lootings which formed the basis of them. queen. Babur chose the former perspective and with pride considered It may come as a surprise to many that this widely admired, loved himself a Timurid, a descendant of the mighty Timur. and romanticized world artefact which has come to be known as a Babur’s mother was Qutlugh Nigar Khanum. -
Magazine-Web.Pdf
- 1 - LOST FOR WORDS spread world-wide, was the A QI development this year has been the Back in 2017, away from texts and language trait, where the last word prowess of the Model UN Team messages and posts, oral commu- in Australian English always has a in Conferences, most notably our nication thankfully still flourishes. rising pitch. performance at our own Chinggis Conversation is one of the delights Khaan Hotel Event. Our involve- of human inter-action: from gos- ment over the years in Debates sip to speechmaking, the endless- Intonation and a sense of the ver- (for public speaking debating is a ly flexible to-and-fro of chat, cra- naculars are also very much part of strong apprenticeship) has honed ic, and discussion. Nuance, irony, the English-speaking lyrical voice formidable skills in many of our repetition, humour, sarcasm play tradition all the way from Dow- senior students. their part. But also: imitation, land’s Flow My Tears to Ed Sheer- And near to this, creative enter- Fast forward. It’s 2037. A hot world. mimicry, accent. English lends an’s Divide. A vibrant, improvi- prises of all shapes and sizes are And hot tempers, as massive ac- itself well to countless shades of sational and conversational tone everywhere on display at ESM. tion suits multiply, against the once variation. Think of region alone belongs as surely to these as to any Trying to live out this spirit and darlings of the digital world, the in the British Isles. Scottish, Welsh of our great national and interna- effervescence day to day at ESM largest Silicon Valley and Shen- and Irish ideas and ranges of con- tional orators. -
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman Or Degrading Treatment Or Punishment, Which Was Ratified on 2 November 2000 by the State Great Khural of Mongolia
United Nations CAT/C/MNG/1 Convention against Torture Distr.: General 22 February 2010 and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment Original: English or Punishment Committee against Torture Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 19 of the Convention Initial reports of States parties due in 2003 Mongolia*, ** [23 September 2009] * In accordance with the information transmitted to States parties regarding the processing of their reports, the present document was not formally edited before being sent to the United Nations translation services. ** Annexes to the present document are available with the Secretariat of the Committee. GE.10-41138 (E) 160310 CAT/C/MNG/1 Contents Paragraphs Page I. Introduction............................................................................................................. 1–2 3 II. General information ................................................................................................ 3–21 3 III. Implementation of the Convention.......................................................................... 22–211 6 Article 1................................................................................................................... 22–26 6 Article 2................................................................................................................... 27–42 7 Article 3................................................................................................................... 43–53 9 Article 4.................................................................................................................. -
Landschaftsarchäologische Untersuchungen Im Oberen Orkhon-Tal, Zentrale Mongolei
Landschaftsarchäologische Untersuchungen im Oberen Orkhon-Tal, Zentrale Mongolei Teil I Text Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn vorgelegt von Birte Ahrens aus Gießen Bonn 2020 Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Zusammensetzung der Prüfungskommission: Prof. Dr. Rudolf Simek (Vorsitzender) Prof. Dr. Jan Bemmann (Betreuer und Gutachter) Prof. Dr. Michael Schmauder (Gutachter) Prof. Dr. Hans-Eckart Joachim (weiteres prüfungsberechtigtes Mitglied) Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 12.06.2018 Danksagung Für die wertvolle Hilfe und Unterstützung bei der Entstehung dieser Arbeit möchte ich an erster Stelle Prof. Dr. Jan Bemmann herzlich danken, der die Dissertation im Rahmen des Projekts „Geoarchäologie der Steppe“ betreut und ermöglicht hat. Prof. Dr. Henny Piezonka danke ich für die zahlreichen fachlichen Gespräche und Ratschläge und auch für ihre Mitarbeit und Unterstützung bei den Feldarbeiten in der Mongolei. Auch die vielen nicht-wissenschaftlichen und motivierenden Gespräche mit ihr haben meine Arbeit unterstützt. Zusammen mit Susanne Feine hat sie zudem die zeichnerische Dokumentation sowie eine Analyse der Steingeräte vorgenommen, wofür ich ihr und auch Frau Feine herzlich danken möchte. Ebenfalls danken möchte ich Dr. Ernst Pohl und Dr. Torsten Rünger für den fachlichen Austausch, die Unterstützung und Zusammenarbeit. Für ihren Einsatz im Rahmen des Projekts „Geoarchäologie der Steppe“, auch unter widrigen Bedingungen im Feld, möchte ich den wissenschaftlichen Kooperationspartnern Prof. Dr. Martin Oczipka, Dr. Sven Linzen, Dr. Christoph Grützner, Dr. Norbert Klitzsch und Riccardo Klinger während der Feldarbeiten, und auch darüber hinaus, ebenfalls herzlich danken. Die umfangreichen Arbeiten im Feld wären ohne die Mitarbeit und Hilfe der beteiligten mongolischen Kollegen Munkhbayar Lhakvadorj, Orgilbayar Samdantodool und Nomgunsuren Gunchigsuren nicht möglich gewesen.