ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N 4823 Date: 2017-05-24
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Section 18.1, Han
The Unicode® Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2020 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 13.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-26-9 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/) 1. -
Töwkhön, the Retreat of Öndör Gegeen Zanabazar As a Pilgrimage Site Zsuzsa Majer Budapest
Töwkhön, The ReTReaT of öndöR GeGeen ZanabaZaR as a PilGRimaGe siTe Zsuzsa Majer Budapest he present article describes one of the revived up to the site is not always passable even by jeep, T Mongolian monasteries, having special especially in winter or after rain. Visitors can reach the significance because it was once the retreat and site on horseback or on foot even when it is not possible workshop of Öndör Gegeen Zanabazar, the main to drive up to the monastery. In 2004 Töwkhön was figure and first monastic head of Mongolian included on the list of the World’s Cultural Heritage Buddhism. Situated in an enchanted place, it is one Sites thanks to its cultural importance and the natural of the most frequented pilgrimage sites in Mongolia beauties of the Orkhon River Valley area. today. During the purges in 1937–38, there were mass Information on the monastery is to be found mainly executions of lamas, the 1000 Mongolian monasteries in books on Mongolian architecture and historical which then existed were closed and most of them sites, although there are also some scattered data totally destroyed. Religion was revived only after on the history of its foundation in publications on 1990, with the very few remaining temple buildings Öndör Gegeen’s life. In his atlas which shows 941 restored and new temples erected at the former sites monasteries and temples that existed in the past in of the ruined monasteries or at the new province and Mongolia, Rinchen marked the site on his map of the subprovince centers. Öwörkhangai monasteries as Töwkhön khiid (No. -
India & Mongolia in the Middle Ages – More Than Just a Connection
Ancient History of Asian Countries India & Mongolia in the Middle Ages – More Than Just a Connection By Mohan Gopal Author Mohan Gopal The Taj Mahal area and traced his lineage to a line of Turkic-Mongol warlords who alternately plagued, plundered, ruled and governed in greater or If there is one monument which conjures up an image of India, it lesser components a vast region which roughly spans the areas of is the Taj Mahal. It was constructed c. 1631 at the behest of Emperor present-day Turkey, southern Russia, the northern Middle East, Shah Jahan as the ultimate memorial and place of eternal rest for his central Asia, northern Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India. beloved wife, Mumtaj. The Taj, as it is commonly referred to, is for The most commonly known name in this lineage was Tamerlane, romanticists across the globe, the ultimate architectural poem of love born in 1336 in central Asia, also known as Timur the Lame, Timur etched in white marble with floral motifs inlaid with precious stones; the Great or Timur the Horrible, depending on which perspective one a monument of perfect geometrical balance and symmetry. In this took – that of his huge territorial conquests or the countless and mausoleum lie the tombs of Emperor Shah Jahan and his beloved endless massacres and lootings which formed the basis of them. queen. Babur chose the former perspective and with pride considered It may come as a surprise to many that this widely admired, loved himself a Timurid, a descendant of the mighty Timur. and romanticized world artefact which has come to be known as a Babur’s mother was Qutlugh Nigar Khanum. -
Overview and Rationale
Integration Panel: Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-4 Overview and Rationale REVISION – November 09, 2018 Table of Contents 1 Overview 3 2 Maximal Starting Repertoire (MSR-4) 3 2.1 Files 3 2.1.1 Overview 3 2.1.2 Normative Definition 3 2.1.3 Code Charts 4 2.2 Determining the Contents of the MSR 5 2.3 Process of Deciding the MSR 6 3 Scripts 7 3.1 Comprehensiveness and Staging 7 3.2 What Defines a Related Script? 8 3.3 Separable Scripts 8 3.4 Deferred Scripts 9 3.5 Historical and Obsolete Scripts 9 3.6 Selecting Scripts and Code Points for the MSR 9 3.7 Scripts Appropriate for Use in Identifiers 9 3.8 Modern Use Scripts 10 3.8.1 Common and Inherited 11 3.8.2 Scripts included in MSR-1 11 3.8.3 Scripts added in MSR-2 11 3.8.4 Scripts added in MSR-3 or MSR-4 12 3.8.5 Modern Scripts Ineligible for the Root Zone 12 3.9 Scripts for Possible Future MSRs 12 3.10 Scripts Identified in UAX#31 as Not Suitable for identifiers 13 4 Exclusions of Individual Code Points or Ranges 14 4.1 Historic and Phonetic Extensions to Modern Scripts 14 4.2 Code Points That Pose Special Risks 15 4.3 Code Points with Strong Justification to Exclude 15 4.4 Code Points That May or May Not be Excludable from the Root Zone LGR 15 4.5 Non-spacing Combining Marks 16 5 Discussion of Particular Code Points 18 Integration Panel: Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-3 Overview and Rationale 5.1 Digits and Hyphen 19 5.2 CONTEXT O Code Points 19 5.3 CONTEXT J Code Points 19 5.4 Code Points Restricted for Identifiers 19 5.5 Compatibility with IDNA2003 20 5.6 Code Points for Which the -
Preliminary Agenda
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N4505-A DATE: 2014-02-23 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) - ISO/IEC 10646 Secretariat: ANSI DOC TYPE: Preliminary Agenda TITLE: Preliminary Agenda Meeting # 62 SOURCE: Mike Ksar, Convener PROJECT: JTC 1.02.18 – ISO/IEC 10646 STATUS: ACTION ID: ACT – Review preliminary agenda in document N4505-A and provide feedback to Convener DUE DATE: 2014-02-18 DISTRIBUTION: SC2/WG2 members and Liaison organizations MEDIUM: Electronic NO. OF PAGES: 4 Below is a copy of the preliminary agenda for the upcoming meeting 62 of JTC1/SC2/WG2. Please review and provide feedback. Mike Ksar ISO/IEC/JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 Convener Phone: +1 408 255-1217 22680 Alcalde Rd. e-mail: [email protected] Cupertino, CA 95014 – U. S. A. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N4505-A DATE: 2014-02-23 Preliminary Agenda – Meeting # 62 Topic (Document No.) Proposed Outcome 1. Opening and roll call (N4401) Update Distribution List 2. Approval of the agenda (N4505-A) Approved agenda 3. Approval of minutes of meeting 61 (N4403) Approved Minutes 4. Review action items from previous meeting (N4403-AI) Updated Action Item List 5. JTC1 and ITTF matters 6. SC2 matters: 6.1. SC2 Program of Work FYI 6.2. FDAM2 Results of 3rd edition – 100% approved (N4532) FYI 6.3. Results of PDAM1 subdivision proposal (N4531) FYI 6.4. Summary of Voting DIS – 4th edition (N4524 & N4524-A) Consider and progress 6.5. Draft additional Repertoire DIS – 4th edition (N4459) Consider and Progress 6.6. -
WG2 Meeting Unicode 2011 N4005 Agenda
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N4005-A Date: 2011-06-03 mikeksar ! 6/3/11 9:41 AM Deleted: 2 Draft Agenda– Meeting # 58 Topic (Document No.) Proposed Outcome 1. Opening and roll call (N4001) Update WG2 Distribution List 2. Approval of the agenda (N4005-A) Approved agenda 3. Approval of minutes of meeting 57 (N3903) Approved Minutes 4. Review action items from previous meeting (N3903-AI) Updated Action Item List 5. JTC1 and ITTF matters: FYI 5.1. Results of voting on ISO/IEC 10646 2nd Edition (N3993) 5.2. Publication of ISO/IEC 10646 – 2nd Edition; includes AMD 8 6. SC2 matters: FYI 6.1. SC2 Program of Work FYI 6.2. Calling Notice and Draft Agenda for the 17th Plenary Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC 2 to be held in Helsinki, Finland, 2011-06-10 (N3994) 6.3. Draft WG2 report to SC2 (N4045) FYI 6.4. Submittals to ITTF – 2nd Edition (N3993) FYI 6.5. Ballot results Prepare Disposition of Comments 6.5.1. 3rd Edition (N4014.zip) – Text (N3967.zip) 6.5.2. PDAM1 – 3rd Edition (N4009.zip) – Text (N3968.zip) 6.6. JTC1 SC35: Comments on ISO/IEC JTC1/SC35 N1579 Proposal to incorporate symbols of ISO/IEC 9995-7:2009 and Amendment 1 into the UCS [=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3897] (N3996) (N4085) 6.7. Draft Technical Report Cultural and Linguistic Interoperability – Definitions and relationship between symbols, icons, animated icons, pictograms, characters and glyphs (N3927) 6.8. Proposal to encode missing Latin small capital and modifier letters (N4068, N4085) 6.9. -
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N4350 Date: 2013-05-07
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N4350 Date: 2013-05-07 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 Universal Character Set (UCS) - ISO/IEC 10646 Secretariat: ANSI Title: SC2/WG2 partial document register (N4250 – N4427) Source: Mike Ksar – Convener Action: Review contributions for the next SC2/WG2. Distribution: SC2/WG2 experts and Liaison Organizations SC2/WG2 Register Document Ranges File Name Document Ranges From To File size N4350 N4250 – N4350 2012-10-03 2013-05-07 350KB N4250 N4256 – N4384 2012-10-01 2012-11-06 512KB N4100 N4046 – N4255 2010-10-08 2012-02-27 397KB N4000 N3800 – N4045 2008-10-08 2011-05-11 440KB N3800 N3505 – N3948 2008-08-17 2010-10-14 550KB N3550 N3550 - N3599 2008-04-07 2009-03-30 460KB N3450 N3288 – N3547 2007-07-23 2008-10-16 634KB N3400 N3250 – N3476 2007-09-05 2008-04-24 450KB + N3350 N3250 – N3436 2007-09-05 2008-04-09 428KB N3250 N3000 – N3316 2005-01-27 2007-08-29 508KB + N3000 N2855 – N3107 2005-01-27 2006-01-10 278KB N2950 N2650 – N3006 2003-10-27 2005-09-15 644KB N2700 N2190 – N2721 2003-03-14 2004-02-09 1220KB N2300 N1600 – N2360 with some Links 1997-07-04 2001-04-05 1550KB N1500 N1400 – N1604 1996-08-02 1997-07-04 589KB N1300 N0001 – N1270 with some Links 1984/June 1986 1995-10-20 255KB N1299 N1200 – N1465 1995-05-03 1996-11-28 311KB Number T I T L E Source Date N4427 IRG Meeting Summary Lu Qin Pending N4426 IRG Meeting No. -
L2/10-468: Proposal to Add Two Kana Characters
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 PROPOSAL SUMMARY FORM TO ACCOMPANY SUBMISSIONS 1 FOR ADDITIONS TO THE REPERTOIRE OF ISO/IEC 10646TP PT Please fill all the sections A, B and C below. Please read Principles and Procedures Document (P & P) from HTUhttp://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/principles.html UTH for guidelines and details before filling this form. Please ensure you are using the latest Form from HTUhttp://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/summaryform.htmlUTH. See also HTUhttp://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/roadmaps.html UTH for latest Roadmaps. A. Administrative 1. Title: Proposal to add two kana characters 2. Requester's name: Joint US/UTC Contribution 3. Requester type (Member body/Liaison/Individual contribution): Member body 4. Submission date: 02/09/2011 5. Requester's reference (if applicable): See attached L2/10-468 6. Choose one of the following: This is a complete proposal: X (or) More information will be provided later: B. Technical – General 1. Choose one of the following: a. This proposal is for a new script (set of characters): Proposed name of script: b. The proposal is for addition of character(s) to an existing block: X Name of the existing block: Kana Supplement 2. Number of characters in proposal: 2 3. Proposed category (select one from below - see section 2.2 of P&P document): A-Contemporary X B.1-Specialized (small collection) B.2-Specialized (large collection) C-Major extinct D-Attested extinct E-Minor extinct F-Archaic Hieroglyphic or Ideographic G-Obscure or questionable usage symbols 4. -
Soyombo Test Case for the Universal Shaping Engine
A Soyombo test case for the Universal Shaping Engine These slides were first presented by John Hudson (Tiro Typeworks) at the 38th International Unicode Conference, as part of a larger, joint presentation with Andrew Glass (Microsoft) entitled Shaping in the Post-Tofu Era.* The overall presentation consisted of an introduction to the background and business case for the new Universal Shaping Engine, followed by the Soyombo test case as illustrated in these slides, and then a live demo of the Soyombo font in use in a virtual machine running a build of the new engine with preliminary Soyombo data. The Universal Shaping Engine (USE) is a new Unicode layout engine within the Microsoft Uniscribe layout component, introduced in the Windows 10 technical preview. The strategic goal of USE is to dramatically reduce the amount of time between the proposal of a script for encoding in the Unicode Standard and support for that script in software, which currently averages eight years. The business case for USE focuses on the diminishing returns on investment in dedicated shaping engines for individual scripts, especially for historical and minority scripts with few and sometimes impoverished users. Unlike previous, script-specific shaping engines, the Universal Shaping Engine is based on a generic cluster model that requires no specialised knowledge of a particular writing system, but only a set of character property data from the Unicode Standard. This data is employed by USE to handle some aspects of cluster-level reordering—e.g. left-side vowels for Indic scripts—, but most of the responsibility for script behaviour resides with the font’s OpenType Layout (OTL) tables. -
Section 18.1, Han
The Unicode® Standard Version 12.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2019 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 12.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-22-1 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode12.0.0/) 1. -
Overview and Rationale
Integration Panel: Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-5 Overview and Rationale REVISION – APRIL 06, 2021 – PUBLIC COMMENT Table of Contents 1 Overview 3 2 Maximal Starting Repertoire (MSR-5) 3 2.1 Files 3 2.1.1 Overview 3 2.1.2 Normative Definition 4 2.1.3 HTML Presentation 4 2.1.4 Code Charts 4 2.2 Determining the Contents of the MSR 5 2.3 Process of Deciding the MSR 6 3 Scripts 8 3.1 Comprehensiveness and Staging 8 3.2 What Defines a Related Script? 9 3.3 Separable Scripts 9 3.4 Deferred Scripts 9 3.5 Historical and Obsolete Scripts 9 3.6 Selecting Scripts and Code Points for the MSR 10 3.7 Scripts Appropriate for Use in Identifiers 10 3.8 Modern Use Scripts 11 3.8.1 Common and Inherited 12 3.8.2 Scripts included in MSR-1 12 3.8.3 Scripts added in MSR-2 12 3.8.4 Scripts added in MSR-3 through MSR-5 13 3.8.5 Modern Scripts Ineligible for the Root Zone 13 3.9 Scripts for Possible Future MSRs 13 3.10 Scripts Identified in UAX#31 as Not Suitable for identifiers 14 4 Exclusions of Individual Code Points or Ranges 16 4.1 Historic and Phonetic Extensions to Modern Scripts 16 4.2 Code Points That Pose Special Risks 17 4.3 Code Points with Strong Justification to Exclude 17 4.4 Code Points That May or May Not be Excludable from the Root Zone LGR 17 4.5 Non-spacing Combining Marks 18 Integration Panel: Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-3 Overview and Rationale 5 Discussion of Particular Code Points 20 5.1 Digits and Hyphen 20 5.2 CONTEXT O Code Points 21 5.3 CONTEXT J Code Points 21 5.4 Code Points Restricted for Identifiers 21 5.5 Compatibility -
Proposal to Encode the Zanabazar Square Script in ISO/IEC 10646
L2/15-337 2015-12-03 Proposal to Encode the Zanabazar Square Script in ISO/IEC 10646 Anshuman Pandey Department of History University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. [email protected] December 3, 2015 (Revised: December 3, 2015) 1 Introduction This is a proposal to encode the Zanabazar Square script in the Unicode standard / Universal Character Set (ISO/IEC 10646). It supersedes the following documents: • N3956 L2/10-411 “Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Xawtaa Dorboljin Script in ISO/IEC 10646” • N4041 L2/11-162 “Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Mongolian Square Script in ISO/IEC 10646” • N4160 L2/11-379 “Revised Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Mongolian Square Script” • N4413 L2/13-068 “Proposal to Encode the Mongolian Square Script in ISO/IEC 10646” • N4471 L2/13-198 “Revised Proposal to Encode the Mongolian Square Script in ISO/IEC 10646” • N4541 L2/14-024 “Proposal to Encode the Zanabazar Square Script in ISO/IEC 10646” The ‘Zanabazar Square’ script was referred to as ‘Mongolian Square’ in previous proposals. The name change is described in section 3.1. Other changes introduced after N4471 L2/13-198 include: the replace- ment of the generic ‘subjoiner’ for controlling conjunct stacks with a character (see sections 4.8 and 4.10); new names for several characters (see section 3.3); new head marks and ornaments (see section 4.11); the reordering of characters within the block; and the reallocation of the script block to a new range within the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP). These changes are based upon feedback from experts and attempts to align the encoding model with that of other Brahmi-based scripts.