ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N4350 Date: 2013-05-07
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The Etymology of Chinggis Khan's Name in Tangut'
THE ETYMOLOGY OF CHINGGIS KHAN'S NAME IN TANGUT' Ksenia B. Keppíng Chinggis Khan's fate is closely associated with the Tangut State: it is generally accepted that he met his death in the Great State of the \¡Vhite and hfty (= The Great state of Yab-Yum\z (982-1227), in the course of his Tangut campaign n 1226'27, when the once flourishing Tangut State had been completeþ subdued; shortly after it fell into oblivion. But in spite of this, the list of sources written in a variety of languages describ- ing Chinggis Khan's life and his military successes, lacks Tangut material, and this was and still is taken for granted, since it is widely held that Tangut historical records which, no doubt, had been compiled at the Tangut court, perished in the flames of the Mongolian invasion. However it may be' so far therc are no traces of any historical records written in Tangut script. The idea that some Tangut historical figures or figures connected with the Tanguts might appear in non-historical Tangut texts had nevef crossed my mind' That is why the mention of Chinggis Khan (as well as of two mof€ persons - the Tangut heir, the son of the last but one Tangut empefor De-wang, and 'Phags-pa lama3) in one of the Tangut poetic works (a ritual song) at first seemed to np unbelievable. As it proved to be, among Tangut ritual songs ltl4 tçiqs,which came to us in a cursive handwriting on the revefse sides of wood-block print pages, was one' I I would like to rhank my colleague Professor S. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
Documentation of Tai Ahom Manuscripts: Digital Archiving of Dead Language
DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, Vol. 40, No. 5, Sept 2020, pp. 286-291, DOI : 10.14429/djlit.40.5.16042 2020, DESIDOC Documentation of Tai Ahom Manuscripts: Digital Archiving of Dead Language Nilakshi Sharma Department of Library and Information Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl - 796 004, India Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Tai Ahom language is an extinct language only practice during the cultural events or rituals of Ahom people. Endangered archives programme of British library is one of the major initiatives taken for the documentation and archiving endangered heritages of all over the world. A project, namely “Documenting, conserving and archiving the Tai Ahom manuscripts of Assam” is an initiative of British Library where total 55 manuscripts collections’ containing 474 individual manuscripts with 15088 images of Sibsagar district of Assam was digitally archived. The study describes various attributes of those collected manuscripts. Analysis of the study shows that most of the manuscripts were created during 18th century in Tai and Assamese language. Various historical, astrological, spiritual writings of our forefathers are there. Some are fortune telling manuscripts, Mantras, Religious prayers are there in the manuscripts. Keywords: Ahom dynasty; Tai language; Assamese language; Manuscripts; Digital archiving; Documentation. 1. INTRODUCTION Eastern Indo-Aryan language that is officially by more than In 1228, a group of Tai people came to the Brahmaputra 14 million people of Assam. It is believed that Assamese was valley of Assam. Some local people joined them afterwards and evolved from the middle Indo-Aryan Magadhi Prakrit before formed an ethnic group named as The Ahom or Tai- Ahom. -
View Ball from the Barrel
ICONIC HONG KONG +44 (0)7866 424 803 [email protected] runjeetsingh.com INTRODUCTION I’m excited to say that this is my first time exhibiting at Fine Art Asia and I’m looking forward to displaying a diverse group of exceptional objects from China, Tibet, Korea and India. Many of these pieces have formed important parts of collections in the West and been treasured for many decades. Several are decorated with powerful Buddhist themes—testament to the importance placed upon them by their makers and owners. It will be a great pleasure to bring them to the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre and share them with the collecting world. I would like to offer a sincere message of appreciation to the numerous colleagues and friends who contributed to the research and production of this publication and the accompanying exhibition. I also thank my family for their endless love, patience and support. 30 Sept – 3 Oct 2017 Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre Stand A13 CONTENTS Daggers 08 Swords 28 Polearms 38 Firearms 42 Archery 44 Equestrian 48 Armour 56 Helmets 60 Written by Runjeet Singh September 2017 All prices on request 9 1 SAWASA KNIFE This is a highly unusual Chinese Two further mounts in the form Notes eating knife with mounts of Sawasa of bats (Chinese symbols of good Knives were highly important to (a term applied to a group of black luck) are decorated in contrasting CHINA, QING DYNASTY the Manchus. Emperor Qianglong lacquered and gilt artefacts made techniques. The upper bat has a 18TH – 19TH CENTURY erected a tablet in front of the Jian from a copper alloy with gold, silver black body, silver wings and gold on Ting (the Archery Pavilion in the and arsenic). -
Secondary Indian Culture and Heritage
Culture: An Introduction MODULE - I Understanding Culture Notes 1 CULTURE: AN INTRODUCTION he English word ‘Culture’ is derived from the Latin term ‘cult or cultus’ meaning tilling, or cultivating or refining and worship. In sum it means cultivating and refining Ta thing to such an extent that its end product evokes our admiration and respect. This is practically the same as ‘Sanskriti’ of the Sanskrit language. The term ‘Sanskriti’ has been derived from the root ‘Kri (to do) of Sanskrit language. Three words came from this root ‘Kri; prakriti’ (basic matter or condition), ‘Sanskriti’ (refined matter or condition) and ‘vikriti’ (modified or decayed matter or condition) when ‘prakriti’ or a raw material is refined it becomes ‘Sanskriti’ and when broken or damaged it becomes ‘vikriti’. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson you will be able to: understand the concept and meaning of culture; establish the relationship between culture and civilization; Establish the link between culture and heritage; discuss the role and impact of culture in human life. 1.1 CONCEPT OF CULTURE Culture is a way of life. The food you eat, the clothes you wear, the language you speak in and the God you worship all are aspects of culture. In very simple terms, we can say that culture is the embodiment of the way in which we think and do things. It is also the things Indian Culture and Heritage Secondary Course 1 MODULE - I Culture: An Introduction Understanding Culture that we have inherited as members of society. All the achievements of human beings as members of social groups can be called culture. -
Sir Gerard Clauson and His Skeleton Tangut Dictionary Imre Galambos
Sir Gerard Clauson and his Skeleton Tangut Dictionary Imre Galambos Sir Gerard Leslie Makins Clauson (1891–1974) worked most of his life as a civil servant and conducted academic research in his spare time.1 Only after retiring in 1951 at the age of 60 was he able to devote his full attention to scholarly endeavours, which were primarily focussed on Turkish languages. Thus as a scholar, today he is primarily remembered for his contribution to Turkish studies, and his Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish is still an essential reference tool in the field.2 Yet in addition to his study of Turkish and Mongolian linguistics, he also worked on a number of other Asian languages, including Tangut. Even though his extensive list of publications includes a small number of items related to Tangut studies,3 he devoted an incredible amount of time and effort to studying the language and to compiling a dictionary. He never finished the dictionary but deposited a draft version along with his notes in seven large volumes at the Library of the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), so that they would be available to anyone who wished to study Tangut and perhaps continue his research. Eric Grinstead, who used the dictionary when working on the Tangut manuscripts at the British Museum, called it “a paragon of excellence” in comparison with high level of errors in dictionaries available at the time.4 Indeed, the erudition of Clauson’s dictionary is obvious even upon a cursory look at the manuscript version and had it ever been published, it would have undoubtedly made a major impact on scholarship. -
Nonromanization: Prospects for Improving Automated Cataloging of Items in Other Writing Systems.Opinion Papers No
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 354 915 IR 054 501 AUTHOR Agenbroad, James Edward TITLE Nonromanization: Prospects for Improving Automated Cataloging of Items in Other Writing Systems.Opinion Papers No. 3. INSTITUTION Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 92 NOTE 20p.; Version of a paper presented ata meeting of the Library of Congress Cataloging Forum (Washington, DC, July 22, 1991). A product of the Cataloging Forum. AVAILABLE FROMCataloging Forum Steering Committee, Libraryof Congress, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Reports Evaluative/Feasibility (142) Speeches /Conference Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PCO1 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Bibliographic Records; Classification; Cyrillic Alphabet; Ideography; Indo European Languages; Library Automation; Library Catalogs; *Library Technical Processes; *Machine Readable Cataloging; *Non Roman Scripts; Online Catalogs;Semitic Languages; Standards; *Written Language IDENTIFIERS Asian Languages; Indic Languages; MARC; *Unicode ABSTRACT The dilemma of cataloging works in writingsystems other than the roman alphabet is explored.Some characteristics of these writing system are reviewed, and theimplications of these characteristics for input, retrieval, sorting,and display needed for adequate online catalogs of such worksare considered. Reasons why needs have not been met are discussed, andsome of the ways they might be met are examined. The followingare four groups into which non-roman systems are generally divided for simplicityand features that have implications for cataloging: (1)European scripts--upper and lower case (Greek, Cyrillic, and Armenian);(2) Semitic scripts--read right to left (Hebrew and Arabic);(3) Indic scripts--implicit vowel (indigenous scriptsof India and Nepal); and (4) East Asian scripts--verylarge character repertoires (Chinese, Korean, and Japanese). Unicode, which isan effort to define a character set that includes the letters,punctuation, and characters for all the world's writing systemsoffers assistance in cataloging, and will probably becomean international standard late in 1992. -
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N 4823 Date: 2017-05-24
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N 4823 Date: 2017-05-24 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 Coded Character Set Secretariat: Japan (JISC) Doc. Type: Disposition of comments Title: Disposition of comments on PDAM1.2 to ISO/IEC 10646 5th edition Source: Michel Suignard (project editor) Project: JTC1 02.10646.00.01.00.05 Status: For review by WG2 Date: 2017-05-24 Distribution: WG2 Reference: SC2 N4518 Medium: Paper, PDF file Comments were received from the following members: China, Ireland, Japan, Mongolia, UK, and USA. The following document is the disposition of those comments. The disposition is organized per country. Note – With some minor exceptions, the full content of the ballot comments has been included in this document to facilitate the reading. The dispositions are inserted in between these comments and are marked in Underlined Bold Serif text, with explanatory text in italicized serif. As a result of this disposition, a new PDAM1.3 ballot will be initiated. It is expected to be the last PDAM ballot for Amendment 1 before a DAM ballot is initiated. Page 1 Following these dispositions, the following changes were done to the Amendment repertoire: Xiangqi game symbols 30 characters removed (U+1F270..U+1F28D) from the Enclose Ideographic Supplement block (U+1F200..U+1F2FF) and replaced by 14 characters (U+1FA60..U+1FA6D) in a new block: Chess Symbols (U+1FA00..U+1FA6F) with names and code points as follows: 1FA60 RED XIANGQI GENERAL 1FA61 RED XIANGQI MANDARIN 1FA62 RED XIANGQI ELEPHANT 1FA63 RED XIANGQI HORSE 1FA64 RED XIANGQI CHARIOT 1FA65 RED XIANGQI CANNON 1FA66 RED XIANGQI SOLDIER 1FA67 BLACK XIANGQI GENERAL 1FA68 BLACK XIANGQI MANDARIN 1FA69 BLACK XIANGQI ELEPHANT 1FA6A BLACK XIANGQI HORSE 1FA6B BLACK XIANGQI CHARIOT 1FA6C BLACK XIANGQI CANNON 1FA6D BLACK XIANGQI SOLDIER Small Historic Kana The characters proposed at 1B127..1B12F are removed from this amendment. -
Ancient Scripts
The Unicode® Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2020 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 13.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-26-9 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/) 1. -
Artificial Languages Across Sciences and Civilizations
Journal of Indian Philosophy (2006) 34: 87-139 © Springer 2006 DOl: 10.1007/sl0781-005-8189-0 FRITS STAAL ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGES ACROSS SCIENCES AND CIVILIZATIONS anupiisitavrddh iilJiilfl vidyii niitiprasTdati "science does not smile on those who neglect the ancients" Bhartrhari, Viikyap adfya INTRODUCTION Beneath this essay lies a philosophic question: how can language, natural or artificial, assist us in knowledge of the world (which includes ourselves)? I shall not try to contribute to the answer of this question by mere speculation, but start with some facts: artificial languages are at least as universal as natural languages and are neither restricted to one civilization, viz., the so-called Western which I call Euro-American; nor are they confined to mathematics, physics and a few other sciences that in English are often referred to as 'exact.' My paper consists of four parts. Parts I and 11 pave the way for Ill and IV. Part I deals with ancient and medieval science. Its theatre is Asia, the large continent to which Europe is appended. Part 11 sketches the sciences of language that developed there and provides a background for the emergence of artificial languages that will be-treated in Parts Ill, 'Early Artificial Languages' and IV, 'From Natural to Artificial Language.' Definitions come in the end, but the concept of artificial language that is used here must be clarified at least to some extent. Artificial languages contrast with natural languages such as English or Thai. An artificial language is not natural- or so it seems. But the opposite does not hold. Natural languages may be artificial and artificiality admits of degrees. -
Neo-Vernacularization of South Asian Languages
LLanguageanguage EEndangermentndangerment andand PPreservationreservation inin SSouthouth AAsiasia ed. by Hugo C. Cardoso Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 7 Language Endangerment and Preservation in South Asia ed. by Hugo C. Cardoso Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 7 PUBLISHED AS A SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION & CONSERVATION LANGUAGE ENDANGERMENT AND PRESERVATION IN SOUTH ASIA Special Publication No. 7 (January 2014) ed. by Hugo C. Cardoso LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION & CONSERVATION Department of Linguistics, UHM Moore Hall 569 1890 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 USA http:/nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI’I PRESS 2840 Kolowalu Street Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822-1888 USA © All text and images are copyright to the authors, 2014 Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License ISBN 978-0-9856211-4-8 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4607 Contents Contributors iii Foreword 1 Hugo C. Cardoso 1 Death by other means: Neo-vernacularization of South Asian 3 languages E. Annamalai 2 Majority language death 19 Liudmila V. Khokhlova 3 Ahom and Tangsa: Case studies of language maintenance and 46 loss in North East India Stephen Morey 4 Script as a potential demarcator and stabilizer of languages in 78 South Asia Carmen Brandt 5 The lifecycle of Sri Lanka Malay 100 Umberto Ansaldo & Lisa Lim LANGUAGE ENDANGERMENT AND PRESERVATION IN SOUTH ASIA iii CONTRIBUTORS E. ANNAMALAI ([email protected]) is director emeritus of the Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore (India). He was chair of Terralingua, a non-profit organization to promote bi-cultural diversity and a panel member of the Endangered Languages Documentation Project, London. -
The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Seminars Number 2
oi.uchicago.edu i THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ORIENTAL INSTITUTE SEMINARS NUMBER 2 Series Editors Leslie Schramer and Thomas G. Urban oi.uchicago.edu ii oi.uchicago.edu iii MARGINS OF WRITING, ORIGINS OF CULTURES edited by SETH L. SANDERS with contributions by Seth L. Sanders, John Kelly, Gonzalo Rubio, Jacco Dieleman, Jerrold Cooper, Christopher Woods, Annick Payne, William Schniedewind, Michael Silverstein, Piotr Michalowski, Paul-Alain Beaulieu, Theo van den Hout, Paul Zimansky, Sheldon Pollock, and Peter Machinist THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ORIENTAL INSTITUTE SEMINARS • NUMBER 2 CHICAGO • ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu iv Library of Congress Control Number: 2005938897 ISBN: 1-885923-39-2 ©2006 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2006. Printed in the United States of America. The Oriental Institute, Chicago Co-managing Editors Thomas A. Holland and Thomas G. Urban Series Editors’ Acknowledgments The assistance of Katie L. Johnson is acknowledged in the production of this volume. Front Cover Illustration A teacher holding class in a village on the Island of Argo, Sudan. January 1907. Photograph by James Henry Breasted. Oriental Institute photograph P B924 Printed by McNaughton & Gunn, Saline, Michigan The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Infor- mation Services — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. oi.uchicago.edu v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................