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Marindwa.Pdf (876.2Kb) BINDURA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE TROPHY HUNTING PATTERNS AND STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTIONS FOR ELEPHANT ( Loxodonta africana ) AND BUFFALO ( Syncerus caffer ) IN GOKWE SOUTH, ZIMBABWE MARINDWA PAMHIDZAI PATIENCE B1232733 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE HONOURS DEGREE IN NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT December 2015 DEDICATION I dedicate this to my parents for all their support and care. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all those who worked extremely hard to ensure the success of this write up. First my thanks go to the entire staff at SWRA for allocating resources that contributed to this research, great appreciation goes to the principal ecologist at Sengwa Wildlife Research Area (SWRA) Mr G. H. Moyo, as well the endless support of the senior ranger scientific services Mr E Chinoitezvi. To the late W. J. Mavheneka for guidance I thank you all. Special thanks also go to my academic supervisor Mr W. Mhlanga, for all his time and assistance and Mr S. Wachenuka for liaising with RDC for my data collection. Not forgetting my fellow companions Shaddy, Bonnie and Fortue for helping me during the field work. I would also want to thank the area manager Central Region Mr A. Sibanda for all his help not forgetting the support of Mr K. Zhou. Lastly my gratitude is extended to my family members, mum, dad, Manyara, Simba and Shingie for all their support during the compilation of this write up. I thank God for the guidance and wisdom he has shown me though out this phase. ii ABSTRACT Trophy quality patterns and hunting success rate for elephant Loxodonta africana and buffalo Syncerus caffer in Gokwe South were analysed from 2004-2014. Trophy quality data were obtained from hunting records and Hunting Return Forms. Stakeholder perceptions were determined through assessing, the Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) on the trophy quality and hunting success rate in the district for elephant buffalo and lion. This was obtained through using thirty semi-structured questionnaires administered to seven different categories of stakeholders involved in hunting in the area. The questionnaires asked questions on socio-demographic aspects, trophy quality trends and hunting success rate and effort. A One Way ( Kruskal Wallis ) Anova test, of the trophy quality data showed that from 2004 to 2014, there were significant annual variations for elephant trophy quality (p < 0.05) and for buffalo, the variations were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Local Ecological Knowledge showed that there was low hunting success rate or buffalo (73.3%) while for elephant it was high (83.3%). The results revealed that trophy quality for elephant and buffalo was decreasing over the study period. The major contributors of this were reported to be anthropogenic factors like poaching. It is recommended that management considers further reduction of quotas and improvement of monitoring systems of the hunting industry in CAMPFIRE areas. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENT PAGE DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ ii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... vii ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the Study ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Justification ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Aim ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.6 Hypotheses ........................................................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 4 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Trophy Hunting ................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Trophy Hunting in Africa ................................................................................................. 4 2.3 Hunting in Communal Areas ............................................................................................ 4 2.4 Overview of Campfire Programme ................................................................................... 5 2.5 Conservation Role of Hunting .......................................................................................... 6 2.6 Threats to Trophy Hunting in Communal Areas .............................................................. 6 2.7 Effects of Trophy Hunting on Species .............................................................................. 8 2.8 Hunting Quota ................................................................................................................... 8 2.9 Hunting Success Rate ....................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 10 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 10 iv 3.1 Description of Study Area .............................................................................................. 10 3.2 Research Design.............................................................................................................. 11 3.3 Data Collection Methods ................................................................................................ 11 3.4 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................. 12 CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................................. 14 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................. 14 4.1: Trophy Size Trends For Elephant and Buffalo from 2004-2014 ................................... 14 4.2: Hunting Success Rate For Elephant and Buffalo from 2004-2014 ............................... 15 4.3: Stakeholders Perceptions on Trophy Hunting in the Area ............................................ 17 CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................................... 30 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................... 30 5.1: Trophy Size Trends for Elephant and Buffalo from 2004 to 2014. ............................... 30 5.2 Hunting Success Rate of Elephant and Buffalo from 2004-2014. .................................. 31 5.3: Stakeholders Perceptions on Trophy Hunting Characteristics in Gokwe South District. ............................................................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER SIX ............................................................................................................................. 39 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................... 39 6.1 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 39 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................ 40 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 40 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................. 46 Appendix 1: Questionnaire ....................................................................................................... 46 Appendix 2: Data Sheet Showing Years, Mean Annual Trophy Size, Allocated Quota and Utilised Quota for Buffalo And Elephant in Gokwe South District From 2004 To 2014 ........ 49 v
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