Thrapston Road, Brampton, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT

LAND AT: THRAPSTON ROAD, BRAMPTON, HUNTINGDON, CAMBRIDGESHIRE

LOCAL PLANNING AUTHORITY: HUNTINGDONSHIRE DISTRICT COUNCIL

SITE CENTRED AT: NGR TL 1970 7155

KAREN FRANCIS BA, MIFA

DECEMBER 2007

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CONTENTS

Summary 1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Planning Background and Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology and Topography 4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background 5.0 Site Conditions and the Proposed Development 6.0 Conclusions 7.0 Bibliography

APPENDIX 1: Gazetteer of HER Entries

Figures

1. Location map 1:25,000. 2. Aerial view of the site (not to scale) 3. Cambridgeshire HER Data 1:12,500. 4. 1662 John Speed’s map of Huntingdonshire, 3” to 7 miles 5. 1772-1775 Brampton enclosure map 6. 1805-1836 Cassini Historical 1st edition OS 1” re-scaled to 1:50,000 7. 1841-1842 Brampton tithe map 8. 1888. Source map scale - 1:2,500. 9. 1890. Source map scale - 1:10,560 10. 1897. Godfrey Edition of 1” OS Map 11. 1900. Hunts. OS XVII SE. Scale 6” to 1 mile 12. 1901. Source map scale - 1:2,500. 13. 1952. Source map scale - 1:10,560 14. 1973-1978. Source map scale - 1:2,500 15. 1984 - 1996. Source map scale - 1:10,000.

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the Controller of HM Stationary Office Licence Number AL100014723

Plates

1. The site, looking NW from the eastern edge 2. The site, looking SW from the eastern edge 3. The site, looking west from the eastern edge 4. The northern edge of the site, looking west 5. The old Thrapston Road within the northern part of the site, looking east 6. The western edge of the site, looking north 7. The footpath at the southern edge of the site, looking west 8. The site, looking NW from the southern footpath, with the A1 in the background 9. The site and adjacent residential development, looking NE from the southern edge 10. The site and adjacent residential development, looking SE from the western edge

© CgMs Ltd No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however CgMs limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report.

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Archaeological Desk Based Assessment of Land at Thrapston Road, Brampton, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire

SUMMARY

A desk-based archaeological assessment has been carried out by CgMs Consulting on land at Thrapston Road, Brampton, Huntingdonshire, on behalf of DLP Planning Ltd. Brampton is a village and ancient parish located in the valley of the River Great Ouse, to the southwest of Huntingdon. The proposed development site, to be promoted for possible future residential development, is located on the north-western fringe of village and is bounded by the A1 and the A14 roads and by modern residential development. The site is centred at NGR TL 1970 7155 and covers an area of approximately 18.7 hectares of land, currently in agricultural use.

Brampton and the surrounding area contains rich evidence of prehistoric and Roman activity, primarily in the form of cropmark enclosures and ring-ditches identified by aerial photography and geophysical surveys. This evidence has been supplemented by numerous archaeological evaluations and excavations that have taken place in the area since the 1960s. The proposed development site forms part of the known area of intensive prehistoric settlement activity and lies adjacent to a prehistoric Scheduled Ancient Monument (SAM 121).

A previous assessment of the site conducted by John Samuels Archaeological Consultants (JSAC) in 2000 identified buried ditches on the site as well as pits and hearths associated with late prehistoric or Roman farmsteads. The settlement remains on the site were considered by JSAC to be of likely prehistoric and Roman date and potentially of Local or Regional interest. A Local Plan allocation for the site was sought in 2000 by Taywood Homes but was refused by the LPA on the grounds that further archaeological information was required in order to make an informed judgement as to whether the archaeological remains on the site merited preservation in situ.

Brampton village is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086. Medieval settlement in Brampton was dispersed but contained within the area of the modern village dominated by Brampton Park. Traces of the cultivation of the medieval open fields survive in the parish (and on the site) as ridge and furrow earthworks. Following late 18th century enclosure there was little alteration to the field boundaries, with the exception of modern boundary removals. The principal exceptions to this in the area of the site are the re-alignment of the Great North Road as the A1, which now forms the western site boundary and, more recently, by the re-alignment of Thrapston Road as the A14.

There are no listed buildings on the proposed development site or within the 1 km search area. The Brampton Conservation Area boundary is located c. 700 m to the south-east of the site. The closest buildings to the site relate to the mid and late-20th century housing estates located to the east of the site boundary.

On the basis of the currently available information, the proposed development site is considered to have a low potential for remains of the Saxon, Post-medieval, Industrial and Modern periods; a medium potential for remains of the medieval period; and a high potential for remains of the Prehistoric and Roman periods.

On the basis of the existing evidence, it is considered that the archaeological remains on the proposed development site are not sufficiently extensive and/or significant to preclude allocation of the site for residential development. However, should the site be successfully allocated, archaeological mitigation measures will be necessary as part of the planning application. Initially there will be a need for further detailed archaeological evaluation of the site to allow the specific impact of any detailed development proposal to be assessed. Depending on the results of the evaluation, further mitigation of the archaeological remains in the form of preservation in situ or preservation by record may be required by the Local Planning Authority.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY

1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been researched and prepared on behalf of DLP Planning Ltd., by Karen Francis, BA, MIFA and edited by Myk Flitcroft BA, MSc., MIFA of CgMs Consulting.

1.2 The assessment considers agricultural land at Thrapston Road, Brampton, in the district of Huntingdonshire, now part of the Shire County of Cambridgeshire. The proposed development site comprises Site no. 1 of Huntingdonshire District Council’s Housing Land Availability Study (HDC, 2007).

1.3 The site is approximately 18.7 hectares in extent and is centred at National Grid Reference TL 1970 7155 (Figure 1). It is bordered to the north by the A14 road; to the east by 20th century residential development overlying a Scheduled Ancient Monument; to the south by a Public Right of Way and by arable land also designated for potential development (as Site 12, HDC, 2007); and to the west by the A1 road (Figure 2).

1.4 Brampton is a village and ancient parish situated on the River Great Ouse in Huntingdonshire (Youngs 1979 (I) 47; Brabner c. 1893 (I) 225). Historically, the parish lay within the Hundred of Leightonstone and the Diocese of Ely. In 1854 the Prebends of Lincoln Cathedral also held manorial jurisdiction over part of the parish (Hatfield 1854). Brampton may have also served as a medieval borough.

1.5 In accordance with government guidance on archaeology and planning (PPG16) this assessment draws together the available archaeological, topographic and land-use information in order to clarify the archaeological potential of the site.

1.6 The assessment comprises an examination of evidence in the Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record (HER), the Huntingdonshire Record Office (HRO) and the John Samuels Library (JSAC). Information regarding Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs) was obtained from Cambridgeshire HER and English Heritage. The assessment also considers the results of nearby archaeological investigations, incorporates published and unpublished material and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise.

1.7 This assessment therefore aims to clarify the specific archaeological potential of the proposed development site, and identify any archaeological constraints that would preclude its allocation for development. It also enables relevant parties to assess the archaeological potential of the site and to consider the need for design, civil engineering, and/or archaeological solutions to the potential identified.

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2.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK

2.1 In November 1990 the Department of the Environment issued Planning Policy Guidance Note 16 (PPG16) ‘Archaeology and Planning’, providing guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the preservation and investigation of archaeological remains.

2.2 In considering any planning application for development, the local planning authority will be guided by the policy framework set by government guidance, in this instance PPG16, by current Development Plan policy and by other material considerations.

2.3 The Huntingdonshire Local Plan was adopted by the District Council in December 1995. Some of the policies have been superseded by the Huntingdonshire Local Plan Alteration.

2.4 Over recent years the planning system has undergone major changes with the introduction of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act in 2004. As a result of the legislation introduced in 2004 a Local Development Framework (LDF) will replace the Huntingdonshire Local Plan in setting out policies for the area. The LDF will comprise several documents to be produced over a period of time. Informal planning guidance and policy statements, which do not form part of the LDF, will also be produced.

2.5 Huntingdonshire District Council’s Development Control Policies Development Plan Document contains the following Statements that may be relevant to the proposed development site:

• Statement 16: Sites of Archaeological Interest. Corporate Plan objective: to conserve and enhance local heritage.

• Statement 17: Historic Parks and Gardens. Corporate Plan objective: to conserve and enhance local heritage. Community Strategy Objective: to improve the quality and distinctiveness of the built environment of our towns and villages.

2.6 In 2000, an allocation in the Huntingdonshire Local Plan was sought by Taywood Homes for a development of about 14 ha., comprising the majority of the current site, for the construction of housing, football pitches and landscaping. This proposal did not include the central-western portion of the currently proposed development site.

2.7 In 2000, in response to the Local Plan allocation proposal by Taywood Homes, the County Archaeological Officer for Cambridgeshire provided a brief for an archaeological desk-based assessment and geophysical survey as part of a field evaluation, to try and clarify the nature of a known cropmark complex (HER No.: 08360) and ridge and furrow earthworks

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(HER No.: 02059) on the site (Thomas, 2000). A specification for the work was prepared by JSAC (679/00/01) and the assessment was conducted the same year (JSAC 679/00/02). The results of the previous assessment are described in detail in Section 4.0 below.

2.8 Following the assessment, the allocation of the site was refused at the Huntingdonshire Local Plan Inquiry of late 2000 on archaeological grounds, on the basis that further information regarding the extent, date, character, condition, and quality of the surviving archaeological remains was deemed necessary in order to make an informed judgement as to whether the remains merited preservation in situ.

2.9 At the time of writing it is understood that the site will be the subject of a future promotion for residential development, in connection with the emerging Huntingdonshire Core Strategy and with the Huntingdonshire Site Allocations Development Plan.

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3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

3.1 Geology

3.1.1 The underlying geology on the site comprises First Terrace River Gravels. The soils of Brampton are generally loamy, with strong clay subsoils (Kelly’s 1910). The published pedological mapping for the proposed development site records the soils as 571s, Efford 1 Association, Marine and River Terrace Gravel, comprising well drained fine loamy soils, often over gravel, associated with similar permeable soils variably affected by groundwater (SSEW 1984). The Efford 1 Association is mainly located on level or gently sloping river terraces where drift overlies gravel (Hodge et al 1984, 173-6).

3.1.2 The proposed development site is located on flat, low-lying ground, c. 13-14 m AOD on well-drained loamy soil over gravel. The previous assessment and specialist surveys conducted on the site in 2000 did not identify the presence of alluvium or former stream courses, both of which have the potential to mask archaeological features. However, the presence of extensive alluvium and palaeochannels, c. 300 m to the east (see 3.1.3 and 4.2.10); c. 500 m to the northeast (see 3.1.3); and c. 550 m to the north (see 4.2.4) cannot be discounted.

3.1.3 Alluvial deposits related to Alconbury Brook (c. 500 m to the northeast of the site) are shown by the Soil Survey map to lie to the north of Thrapston Road as 813b Fladbury 1 Association River Alluvium. Alluvial deposits of variable depth were also recorded overlying the First Terrace River Gravels, during the trial excavations on the adjacent Thrapston Road Iron Age site (HER No. 02117 A), c. 300 m to the east in 1992 (Malim and Mitchell 1993) (see 4.2.10). The alluviation on the site was described as ‘extensive’ and, on the basis of the site’s stratigraphy, was believed to be associated with an active stream subject to episodes of flooding during the Late Neolithic or Bronze Age. Evidence of a palaeochannel was also identified on the site, into which many of the Neolithic features had been cut.

3.2 Topography

3.2.1 Brampton is located within the valley of the River Great Ouse, c. 2 km to the south west of Huntingdon. Brampton is an expanding village with several housing schemes, including those built in the 20th century to accommodate personnel from RAF Brampton. Residential developments dominate the western and southern fringes of the village. The old village has a medieval core, situated around Buckden Road and the High Street.

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3.2.2 The proposed development site to the south of Thrapston Road (the A14) is situated on the north-western fringe of Brampton village at NGR TL 1970 7155. The A1 (formerly the Great North Road) forms the western site boundary.

3.2.3 Brampton has been variously known in the past as: Brantune (1086); Bramton (1179); Braunton (1252) and Brampton (1291). The name is probably derived from an association with the Broom plant and comes from the OE ‘Brōm-tūn’, meaning ‘Tūn where broom grew’ (Ekwall 1991, 60).

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4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Timescales used in this report are as follows.

Prehistoric Palaeolithic 450,000 BC - 12,000 BC Mesolithic 12,000 BC - 4,000 BC Neolithic 4,000 BC - 1,800 BC Bronze Age 1,800 BC - 600 BC Iron Age 600 BC - AD 43

Historic Roman AD 43 - 410 AD Saxon/Early Medieval AD 410 - 1066 AD Medieval AD 1066 - 1485 AD Post Medieval AD 1485 - 1700 AD Industrial AD 1700 - 1900 AD Modern AD 1900 - Present

4.1.1 In 2000, Taywood Homes sought a Local Plan allocation for a 14 hectare development on part of the same site. The proposed development was for housing, sports pitches and landscaping. In support of the proposed allocation, a non-intrusive archaeological evaluation was conducted on the site (JSAC 679/00/02).

4.1.2 The archaeological assessment of 2000 comprised desk-based research, a detailed walk- over survey, an aerial photographic analysis undertaken by Air Photo Services Ltd., and a geophysical survey undertaken by GSB Prospection. The latter comprised a 14-hectare scan of the whole site and a 5-hectare detailed survey. The work fulfilled the requirements of the initial brief set by the County Archaeological Officer for Cambridgeshire. Cropmarks and ridge and furrow earthworks had previously been identified within the site from aerial photographs and recorded on the Cambridgeshire SMR (now the HER) as records 08360 and 02059. The aerial photographic analysis enhanced the plot of cropmarks available and, building upon this, the geophysical survey provided additional information at a closer scale.

4.1.3 Taking both sources of evidence together, a linear concentration of linked, ditched enclosures appeared to extend in a NE/SW direction across the western part of the area of proposed residential development, in Geophysical Areas C, D and E (now representing the eastern half of the proposed development site area – see plates 2 and 3). These enclosures were believed to represent the remnants of small late prehistoric or Roman farmsteads (HER No.: 08360). Numerous weak linear responses identified in Geophysical Areas B, G and H (now located on the eastern and western edges of the proposed development site area –see plates 1, 2 and 6), were identified as former ridge and furrow/ploughing trends. A linear ferrous response identified in Area A at the northern

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edge of the site, to the north of the old Thrapston Road (see plate 4), was interpreted as a former field boundary (GSB 2000, 3) (see 4.2.9 below). The work identified the likely site type, extent, probable condition and level of importance. The assessment concluded that the pattern of buried remains was consistent with late prehistoric or Roman farmsteads commonly found in the region and were therefore considered to be of local to regional importance (JSAC 679/00/02). This conclusion was not accepted by the County Archaeological Officer for Cambridgeshire, who believed that the available evidence indicated that the site contained significant archaeological deposits with the potential for survival of archaeological remains of National Importance.

4.1.4 The remains on the site were believed to differ from a complex of cropmarks located between c. 250 m and 450 m to the east, also originally identified from aerial photographs and fieldwalking and interpreted as Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age features, which were scheduled (SAM 121). The SAM covers an extensive area to the north and south of the A14, although the latter area was subsumed by the modern housing estate following archaeological rescue excavations and archaeological mitigation carried out between 1966 and 1998. The SAM, which comprises a range of archaeological features dating from the Bronze Age to the post-medieval period, is recorded on the HER as seven individual records (HER Nos.: 02117; and 02117 A-02117 F) (see Figure 3). These include a Neolithic cursus, prehistoric enclosures, ring ditches, barrows and settlement sites; as well as artefacts recovered during fieldwalking (see Appendix 1).

4.1.5 A number of other archaeological assessments and evaluations have been conducted in and around Brampton in the past. These, together with aerial photographic surveys have shown that the Brampton area has a rich prehistoric and Roman settlement history. The results of this work are described briefly in chronological order below.

4.1.6 An up to date examination of data provided by the Cambridgeshire HER and published sources shows that two Historic Environment Records exist within the actual area of the proposed development site. There are 24 Cambridgeshire HER entries (see Appendix 1) recorded within a 1 km radius of the site and 19 of these are located within a 500 m radius (see Figure 3 and Appendix 1). It is the aim of this assessment to review the data available for the study area and to use this to construct a predictive model of the site’s archaeological potential.

4.1.7 The Cambridgeshire County HER provides information on listed buildings. There are no listed buildings within the 1 km search area.

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4.2 Prehistoric

4.2.1 Seven prehistoric HER records (plus another possible five cropmark sites of unconfirmed date) are listed within a 1 km radius of the proposed development site (see below). Three of the records relate to the Neolithic, two to the Bronze Age; and two to the Iron Age, the rest are palimpsests and/ or undated sites believed to be of prehistoric date. One of the undated sites is located within the area of the proposed development site (see 4.2.9 below):

Neolithic

4.2.2 A Neolithic cursus, initially identified as a cropmark by aerial photography, exists c. 250 m to the northeast of the proposed development site. Excavations in 1990-1 revealed an associated mortuary enclosure and pit. The site now lies partially below the A14 (HER No.: 02117 C; SAM 121).

4.2.3 A series of parallel Neolithic ditches –possibly territorial boundary markers, were identified by trial-trench evaluation in 1992, c. 150 m east of the proposed development site. This site (located in the area now occupied by Laws Crescent) now lies below the modern housing estate (HER No.: 10704 A) (see 4.2.8 and 4.2.10 below).

4.2.4 Areas of burning probably representing Neolithic land- and tree-clearance were found in association with stone tools during excavations in 1993, c. 550 m north of the proposed development site at Huntingdon Racecourse. Two palaeochannels were also identified (HER No.: 11135).

Bronze Age

4.2.5 Extensive Bronze Age cropmark evidence was identified by aerial photography c. 300 m east of the proposed development site. Excavations in 1966 and subsequent surveys found evidence for five Bronze Age ring-ditches containing cremation burials and Beaker pottery (White 1969, 1-20). The site now lies below the modern housing estate (HER No.: 02117; SAM 121).

4.2.6 A single pit, possibly a cremation burial was identified c. 600 m southeast of the proposed development site during an archaeological assessment in 1993. Fragments of Beaker Pottery and burnt bone were found in association with the pit (HER No.: 11176).

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Iron Age

4.2.7 A possible enclosure was discovered by aerial photography, c. 300 m to the east of the proposed development site. Excavations in 1966 confirmed the presence of a rectangular enclosure of Iron Age date containing occupation evidence in the form of traces of at least two huts and pottery. No evidence was found for Roman continuity of the site (White 1969, 1-20). The site now lies below Laws Crescent on the modern housing estate (HER No.: 02117A; SAM 121).

4.2.8 An Iron Age ‘settlement’ enclosure with at least one roundhouse, identified during trial trench evaluation in 1992, was located just c. 150 m east of the proposed development site. The site (located in the area now occupied by Laws Crescent) now lies below the modern housing estate (HER No.: 10704) (see 4.2.10 below).

Undated

4.2.9 A series of cropmarks initially identified from aerial photographs have been recorded within the eastern part of the proposed development site (HER No.: 08360). These features are currently of unconfirmed date but are believed to date to the late prehistoric and/or Roman periods. The archaeological assessment conducted by JSAC in 2000 proposed that the cropmarks relate to the buried ditches, pits and hearths of late prehistoric or Roman farmsteads. The assessment concluded that the site was of Local to Regional Importance and did not merit preservation in situ (see 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 above).

4.2.10 Between c. 250 m and 450 m to the east of the proposed development site is another cropmark palimpsest of Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Iron Age features (HER No.: 02117 A-F), which are protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument (SAM 121) of National Importance. All of the features are buried and, since they cannot be seen at ground level, do not have a setting (JSAC 679/00/02). Outlying features related to this landscape (HER No.: 10704 / 10704A) located adjacent to the eastern boundary of the proposed development site were investigated by Cambridgeshire Archaeology in 1992. The evaluation excavation found an Iron Age enclosed settlement containing a roundhouse, which was situated on a gravel terrace slightly above the local flood plain. A series of contemporary field system ditches were also located, as well as a series of Neolithic parallel boundary ditches (Malim and Mitchell 1993).

4.2.11 A number of other (undated) cropmarks have been identified in the study area from aerial photography. These are presented below in order of their proximity to the site:

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• a series of enclosures and stockades comprised of lines of large postholes located c. 250 m west of the site (HER No.: 07608);

• a possible ring ditch, conjoined barrows, oval enclosure, hut circles and rectilinear enclosure complex at Meadow View Farm, c. 400 m to the northeast of the proposed development site. (HER No.: 02117 B; SAM 121);

• possible ring ditches and a rectangular enclosure, c. 400 m to the east of the site (HER No.: 02578). These features now lie below the modern housing estate;

• a complex ditch system located c. 600 m southwest of the proposed development site (HER No.: 00820).

4.2.12 An archaeological evaluation and excavation conducted c. 250 m southeast of the proposed development site in 2002 revealed a series of undated pits and ditches (HER No.: CB 15265). The site now lies below the modern housing estate.

4.3 Roman

4.3.1 One HER record of certain Roman date is recorded within a 1 km radius of the site (plus another from a multi-period site). In addition, the archaeological assessment conducted on the proposed development site in 2000 revealed that cropmarks identified within the eastern part of the site by aerial photography (HER No.: 08360) probably relate to buried features associated with Roman (and/or prehistoric) farmsteads (JSAC 679/00/02).

4.3.2 A series of narrow, shallow field ditches were revealed by excavation in 1990, c. 450 m to the east of the proposed development site (HER No.: 02117 D; SAM 121). Roman pottery was recovered from the ditches.

4.3.3 An archaeological evaluation and excavation conducted c. 250 m southeast of the site in 2002 revealed a Roman pit within a multi-period site. The majority of features on the site were undated (HER No.: CB 15265). The site now lies below the new housing estate.

4.4 Saxon/Early Medieval

4.4.1 Brampton is not mentioned in the 7th-11th century Anglo-Saxon Charters (Sawyer 1968); although the settlement is believed to have Saxon origins (JSAC 679/00/02). No Saxon remains have been recorded within 1 km of the proposed development site.

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4.5 Medieval

4.5.1 There are eight medieval HER records listed within a 1 km radius of the proposed development site (see Figure 3 and Appendix 1). Six of these relate to ridge and furrow earthworks; one to a deserted medieval settlement site; and one to a find-spot of medieval pottery. A ninth record relates to a multi-period site. These are described below in order of their proximity to the site:

4.5.2 Traces of the former open field cultivation are recorded as ridge and furrow within the western half of the of the proposed development site (HER No.: 02059). These earthworks were possibly observed during the site visit in November 2007 (see 5.1.4).

4.5.3 North-south aligned ridge and furrow has been identified as faint cropmarks on aerial photographs, c. 100 m south of the proposed development site (HER No.: 11610) (Palmer 2000).

4.5.4 WSW/ENE-aligned ridge and furrow has been identified as cropmarks on aerial photographs, c. 250 m southwest of the proposed development site (HER 11612) (Palmer 2000). 4.5.5 North-south aligned ridge and furrow and a possible pond has been identified as cropmarks on aerial photographs and on the ground, c. 300 m northwest of the proposed development site (HER NO.: 11652).

4.5.6 A find-spot of medieval pottery is recorded from field-walking, c. 400 m to the east of the proposed development site. (HER NO.: No. 02117 E; SAM 121).

4.5.7 Ridge and furrow cultivation has also been identified, c. 500 m southeast of the proposed development site (HER NO.: 11501).

4.5.8 Traces of narrow ridge and furrow cultivation have been observed on the ground, c. 600 m southeast of the proposed development site. These earthworks were destroyed by the modern housing estate (HER NO.: No.: 11176 A).

4.5.9 The site of the Deserted Medieval Village of Houghton, located c. 650 m southwest of the proposed development site, is evidenced by field names on the 1773 Brampton enclosure award map (HER No.: 11422).

4.5.10 Archaeological evaluation and excavation in 2002, c. 250 m to the southeast of the proposed development site revealed a medieval pit and ditch within a multi-period site.

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The majority of features on the site were undated but contained sparse medieval pottery and struck flints (HER NO.: CB 15265). The site now lies below the new housing estate.

4.5.11 Brampton is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as a substantial royal manor with a minor holding by one of the king’s thegns or military ‘companions’ (Harvey 1975, 1, 8 and 29, 4). The royal manor continued to be prominent until at least the 17th century, together with the Prebendal Manor and Brampton Park (see below 4.5.12). Domesday records a church and priest at Brampton in 1086. 100 acres of meadow were also recorded, as well as a half league of woodland pasture, 2 furlongs wide; and 2 mills (Harvey 1975, 1,8).

4.5.12 There is no record of a medieval park at Brampton (Cantor 1983, 40). Brampton Park, located c. 1.4 km south-east of the proposed development site, is later (see 4.6.5 below).

4.5.13 Brampton Wood is an ancient wood of probable medieval origin, located on a hill overlooking the village. It is recorded that King Stephen (1135-1154) came to Brampton to enjoy ‘sports of the chance’ (Hatfield 1854). The wood was also recorded in the Hundred Rolls of 1279 (Kirby & Oosthuizen 2000, 35).

4.5.14 A possible reference to Brampton dating to 1319, records that it was taxed at urban rate as a borough that year and in other years as a vill (Beresford and Finberg 1973, 126).

4.6 Post Medieval

4.6.1 There is one post-medieval HER record listed within a 1 km radius of the site and another relating to a multi-period site (see Figure 3 and Appendix 1).

4.6.2 A find-spot of post-medieval pottery was identified during field-walking, c. 450 m east of the proposed development site (HER No.: 02117 F; SAM 121).

4.6.3 Archaeological evaluation and excavation conducted c. 250 m to the southeast of the proposed development site in 2002 revealed a post-medieval extraction pit within a multi- period site (HER No.: CB 15265). This site was later destroyed by the new housing estate.

4.6.4 John Speed’s 1662 map of Cambridgeshire shows Brampton, although no detail of the site is visible (Figure 4).

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4.6.5 Brampton Park, located c. 1.4 km south-east of the proposed development site, became important from the 17th century and especially in the 18th and 19th centuries, with the setting out of the grounds and the extensive mansion house built in 1877 (Russell 1936). The park belonged to Sir John Barnard MP and was later the seat of Lady Olivia Bernard Sparrow. The park is first visible on the 1805-1836 map (see 4.7.3).

4.7 Industrial

4.7.1 There are no Industrial period HER records within a 1 km radius of the site.

4.7.2 An award for the enclosure of Brampton’s fields was made in 1772 and comprised 2,411 areas out of a total parish acreage of 2,500. The 1773 enclosure map for Brampton (Figure 5) shows the area of the proposed development site as land owned by the ‘Rev’d. Mr Burnaby’. Further references to the name of Burnaby are visible in Brampton parish records dating to between 1716 and 1748.

4.7.3 The Cassini 1805-1836 map shows the earlier course of the Great North Road (now subsumed by the A1 trunk road), with a well-known coaching inn known as the Brampton Hut, located at the crossroads with Thrapston Road, adjacent to the north-west corner of the proposed development site (Figure 6). No features are visible within the actual area of the proposed development site on the 1805-1836 map. West Field Barn, which was located at the end of a track on the eastern edge of the site is not visible on the ground today. An area of increased magnetic response identified during the 2000 geophysical survey in Area G may relate to this structure, which was deemed unlikely to be of archaeological significance (GSB 2000).

4.7.4 The 1841-42 tithe map for Brampton (Figure 7) shows the area of the proposed development site clearly, located to the east of the Alconbury to Buckden (Great North) Road, although no detail is shown. No details exist as to the ownership or tenancy of the land or its state of cultivation.

4.7.5 A ‘creamers hut’ located at the Great North crossroads on the 1841-42 Brampton tithe map later became a public house known as the Sun, and later, the Brampton Hut public house (see Figure 7). In 1854, the proprietor of ‘Brampton Hut or the Sun’ public house was James Heathcote, an innkeeper and glass- and china dealer (Hatfield 1854). The Brampton Hut was subsequently run by John Pestell (Kelly’s 1885); Joe Scott (Kelly’s 1894); and by William King (Kelly’s 1910).

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4.7.6 In 1851 the population of Brampton was 1,282. In 1854 the Prebends of Lincoln Cathedral held manorial jurisdiction over part of the parish (Hatfield 1854).

4.7.7 The 1888, 1:2,500 OS map of the proposed development site shows the area to have comprised three large fields bounded by hedgerows (Figure 8). The southern edge of the site was delineated by a public footpath. The old Huntingdon to Thrapston Road (later the A604 and subsequently the A14) extended across the northern edge of the site area. An un-named building with a pump is located within the site area, to the north of the road. This building, demolished in about 1973, is not visible on earlier maps. The Sun public house (later the Brampton Hut Hotel) is located to the west of the site, within the south- eastern quadrant of the crossroads with the Great North Road. The same features are shown within the area of the site on the subsequent 1890, 1:10,560 scale (Figure 9) and the 1897 Godfrey 1” (Figure 10) maps.

4.8 Modern

4.8.1 There is a single modern HER listing recorded within a 1 km radius of the proposed development site. This relates to a World War II pillbox, c. 100 m west of the proposed development site, which was removed during the construction of the A1 (HER No.: 15210).

4.8.2 The 1900, 6” map (with 1950 revisions) of the proposed development site shows the area still comprising three large fields bounded by hedgerows (Figure 11); and the southern edge of the site delineated by a public footpath. The old Thrapston Road (subsequently the A14) extended through the northern edge of the site area. The Brampton Hut Hotel is located to the west of the site on the Great North Road crossroads. The same features are visible on the following subsequent maps:

• 1901, 1:2,500 scale (Figure 12); • 1902, 1:10,560 scale (not shown); • 1952, 1:10,560 scale (Figure 13); • 1958, 1:10,560 scale (not shown);

4.8.3 A number of significant changes to the site are visible on the 1973-1978, 1:2,500 scale map (Figure 14). These changes comprise the removal of all of the previous internal field boundaries; and the demolition of the previously un-named building located in the north- western corner of the site. The Brampton Hotel is shown to the west of the site and the western site boundary is now formed by the insertion of the A1 road. The same features are shown within the area of the site on the subsequent 1977, 1:2500 (not shown); the

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1994, 1:2500 (not shown); and the 1984-1996 1:10,000 (Figure 15) scale maps. The 2000, 1:10,000 scale map (not shown) includes the full re-alignment of the former A604 road as the A14, leaving the old defunct road surface within the northern part of the site.

4.9 Summary

4.9.1 There are 12 HER records of prehistoric activity (five of which are of uncertain date) within a 1 km radius of the proposed development site. Eight of these sites are located within a 500 m radius of the site and one is located within the site itself. The potential for archaeological remains of the prehistoric period on the site is therefore considered to be high. 4.9.2 There is one HER record of Roman activity (plus another one from a multi-period site) within a 1 km radius of the proposed development site. A third possible Roman record relates to the cropmarks of unconfirmed date identified within the proposed development site itself. The potential for archaeological remains of the Roman period on the site is therefore considered to be high.

4.9.3 No Saxon sites are recorded within a 1 km radius of the site. During the early medieval period the proposed development site probably comprised farmland or woodland. The potential for archaeological remains of the Saxon/early medieval period on the site is therefore considered to be low.

4.9.4 There are eight medieval HER records (plus another one from a multi-period site) within a 1 km radius of the site. Six of these (represented by five records of ridge and furrow earthworks and one find-spot of pottery) lie within a 500 m radius of the site, with one instance of ridge and furrow located within the actual area of the site. Despite their locations, the ridge and furrow earthworks are not considered to be highly significant in terms of archaeology and the site lies well away from Brampton’s medieval settlement core. Therefore, the potential for archaeological remains of the medieval period on the proposed development site is considered to be medium.

4.9.5 There is one post-medieval HER record (plus another one from a multi-period site) located within a 1 km radius of the proposed development site. The potential for archaeological remains of the post-medieval period on the site is therefore considered to be low.

4.9.6 There are no Industrial period HER records listed within a 1 km radius of the proposed development site. A late 19th century building at the northern end of the site demolished in c. 1973 is not believed to be significant in terms of archaeology. The potential for

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significant archaeological remains of the Industrial period on the site is therefore considered to be low.

4.9.7 There is one Modern HER record listed within a 1 km radius of the proposed development site. The potential for modern archaeological remains on the site is therefore considered to be low.

4.9.8 The proposed development site does not contain, and would not affect the setting of any Conservation Areas, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Historic Battlefields or Scheduled Ancient Monuments. The adjacent Scheduled Ancient Monument (SAM No. 121) comprising buried prehistoric and Roman remains, is not visible above ground. The proposed development site lies approximately 700 m to the northwest of the Brampton Conservation Area, which was established towards West End Road in Brampton in 1976 (Pearce et al 1990, 2).

4.9.9 There are no listed buildings within the 1 km search area. The closest listed building to the proposed development site is possibly the Grade I Listed parish church of St. Mary Magdalene, located c. 1.6 km to the east.

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5.0 SITE CONDITIONS AND THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

5.1 Site Conditions

5.1.1 The site was accessed on foot via the eastern boundary adjacent to Laws Crescent, which is reached via the western end of the old Thrapston Road. A site visit and walkover survey was undertaken by CgMs on 22nd November 2007 to examine the topography of the site and to identify any previously unrecorded above ground archaeology. In addition, the current land use was noted in order to determine what, if any, further fieldwork might be appropriate. During the site visit, notes were made and photographs were taken of the site and surrounding area (see Plates 1-10).

5.1.2 The proposed development site is located at c. 13-14 m AOD and is generally flat, with the exception of a visible raised linear area or lynchet, located at the centre of the western site boundary (see Plate 6). This feature corresponds with the alignment of a former east/west-aligned field boundary visible on OS maps between 1888 and 1958. The site is located on the north-western periphery of Brampton and is bounded by modern residential development on its eastern side and south-eastern corner (see plates 9 and 10). To the north the site is bounded by the A14 (formerly Thrapston Road) (see Plate 4); and to the west it is bounded by the A1 (formerly the Great North Road) (see Plate 8). The southern edge of the site is bounded by a public footpath and is bordered by an arable field (see plates 7, 8 and 9). The remains of part of the old Thrapston Road are visible within the north-eastern corner of the site (see Plate 5). The land to north of the road was part fallow and part arable (see Plate 4). A scatter of modern building material and refuse was observed in this area, close to the old road surface. This scatter almost certainly relates to the unnamed building visible on this part of the site on OS maps dating to between c. 1888 and 1973.

5.1.3 On its northern and western sides, the site is delineated by a picket fence and a broken hedgerow of young trees and shrubs. The footpath at the southern edge of the site is undelineated and runs parallel to a mature hedgerow containing oak trees. The houses to the east of the site are separated by high fences and by a substantial modern open drainage ditch. The remains of a former north/south aligned field boundary visible on OS maps between 1888 and 1958 were discernible in the form of a number of trees surviving on the same alignment. At the time of the visit the site comprised a single arable field planted with a young cereal crop.

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5.1.4 No definite archaeological features were observed on the site during the visit, although an area of possible ridge and furrow, possibly relating to HER No. 02059, was identified on the western, central part of the site. An area of uneven ground was also observed in the northern part of the site, to the south of the old road surface. Four archaeological artefacts were recovered from the site during the recent site visit. These comprised three prehistoric struck flints of indeterminate date and a sherd of industrial period(?), glazed pottery. The artefacts were recovered from the eastern half of the site.

5.1.5 In 2000, the proposed development site was recorded as an area of flat pasture and set- aside with no features visible above ground, with the exception of some traces of ridge and furrow in the north-west corner (now the north-western, central part of the site) (JSAC 679/00/02).

5.2 The Proposed Development

5.2.1 Although plans have yet to be finalised, it is understood that the site will be the subject of a future promotion for residential development, in connection with the emerging Huntingdonshire Core Strategy and with the Huntingdonshire Site Allocations Development Plan.

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6.0 CONCLUSIONS

6.1 This desk-based assessment has established that there are 24 Cambridgeshire HER entries within a 1 km radius of the site, 19 of which are located within 500 m. Two Historic Environment Records exist within the actual area of the proposed development site. These relate to an extensive, linear concentration of prehistoric and/or Roman enclosures and other associated features; and medieval ridge and furrow earthworks.

6.2 The Brampton prehistoric landscape is of high significance and is protected by a Scheduled Ancient Monument (SAM 121) of National Importance, although following archaeological rescue excavations and mitigation, parts of the area now scheduled were destroyed by modern housing development. The SAM comprises a range of buried prehistoric and Roman enclosures, ditches, settlement sites and features and is located between 250 m and 450 m east of the proposed development site. The surviving archaeology is located to the north of the A14 road and, as it lies below ground, is not visible from the proposed development site.

6.3 Following the prehistoric and Roman periods the site was probably utilised as agricultural land until the present day. It remained part of the medieval open-field system until 1772- 1775, when the majority of the land around Brampton was enclosed.

6.4 The assessment has concluded that the site has a low potential for remains of the Saxon, Post-medieval, Industrial and Modern periods; a medium potential for remains of the medieval period; and a high potential for remains of the Prehistoric and Roman periods.

6.5 Settlement remains identified in the previous archaeological survey work in 2000 were considered to be of likely prehistoric and Roman date and potentially of Local or Regional interest (JSAC 679/00/02). A Local Plan allocation for the site sought in 2000 was refused by the LPA on the basis that further information was required in order to make an informed judgement as to whether these remains merited preservation in situ.

6.6 On the basis of the existing evidence, it is considered that the archaeological remains on the proposed development site are not sufficiently extensive and/or significant to preclude allocation of the site for residential development. However, should the site be successfully allocated, archaeological mitigation measures will be necessary as part of the planning application. Initially there will be a need for further detailed archaeological evaluation of the site to allow the specific impact of any detailed development proposal to be assessed. Depending on the results of the evaluation, further mitigation of the archaeological remains in the form of preservation in situ or preservation by record may be required by the Local Planning Authority.

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7.0 SOURCES CONSULTED

Abbreviations used in this report:

CAS: Cambridgeshire Archives Service CHER: Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record HDC: Huntingdonshire District Council JSAC: John Samuels Archaeological Consultants PCAS: Proceedings of the Cambridgeshire Antiquarian Society RCHME: Royal Commission on Historical Monuments

Bibliographic

BENDALL, A.S., 1992. Maps, Land and Society: A history, with carto-bibliography of Cambridgeshire estate maps c. 1600-1836. Cambridge: CUP.

BERESFORD, M AND FINBERG, H.P.R., 1973. English Medieval Boroughs: A Hand-list. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.

BRABNER, J.H.F. ed., c. 1893. The Comprehensive Gazetteer of England and Wales. London: William Mackenzie.

CANTOR, LEONARD, 1983. The Medieval Parks of England: A Gazetteer. Loughborough: Loughborough University of Technology.

COZENS, D. 1989. Huntingdonshire: a portrait in old picture postcards. Volume 1.

DEVELOPMENT, LAND & PLANNING CONSULTANTS LTD., (July 2006). Huntingdonshire Housing Land Availability Assessment: phase 2 Site Availability Survey. Land West of Brampton.

EKWALL, E. 1991. The Concise Dictionary of English Place-names. 4th Edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

ENGLISH HERITAGE, c. 1994. Register of Historic Battlefields. London: English Heritage.

ENGLISH HERITAGE. 1992. County List of Scheduled Monuments: Cambridgeshire London: English Heritage.

ENGLISH HERITAGE, 1999. List of Scheduled Monuments - East of England Region Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire and the unitary authorities of Luton and Peterborough. London: English Heritage.

FOX, C., 1923. The Archaeology of the Cambridge Region. Cambridge: CUP.

GLAZEBROOK, J. 1997. Research and Archaeology: a framework for the Eastern Counties.

GSB Prospection. 2000. Brampton Cambridgeshire. Geophysical Survey Report 2000/74.

HARVEY, S., 1975. Domesday Book 19 Huntingdonshire. Chichester: Phillimore.

HDC. October 2007. Housing Land Availability Study. Brampton. Huntingdonshire District Council Operational Services – Planning.

HODGE, C.A.H. et. al., 1984. Soils and Their Use in Eastern England. Harpenden: Soil Survey of England and Wales.

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JSAC. August 2000. A Specification for undertaking an archaeological desk-based assessment and geophysical survey at land south of Thrapston Road, Brampton, Cambridgeshire. JSAC 679/00/01. Unpublished report.

JSAC. August 2000. An archaeological assessment of land south of Thrapston Road, Brampton, Cambridgeshire. JSAC 679/00/02. Unpublished report.

KELLY’S, 1885. Kelly’s Directory of Huntingdonshire. London: Kelly’s Directories.

KELLY’S, 1894. Kelly’s Directory of Huntingdonshire. London: Kelly’s Directories.

KELLY’S, 1910. Kelly’s Directory of Huntingdonshire. London: Kelly’s Directories.

KELLY’S, 1936. Kelly’s Directory of Bedfordshire, Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire. London: Kelly’s Directories.

KELLY’S, 1940. Kelly’s Directory of Bedfordshire, Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire. London: Kelly’s Directories.

KIRBY, T. & OOSTHUIZEN, S., 2000. An Atlas of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire History. Cambridge: Centre for Regional Studies, Anglia Polytechnic University.

MALIM, T & MITCHELL, D. 1993. Neolithic Ditches and Iron Age Settlement at Thrapston Road, Brampton 1992 (unpublished AFU report No. 81).

MARGERY, I.D., 1955. Roman Roads in Britain Vol. 1. South of the Foss Way - Bristol Channel. London: Phoenix House.

MAWER A & STENTON F.1926. The Place names of Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire.

MEANEY, A., 1964. A Gazetteer of Early Anglo-Saxon Burial Sites. London: George Allen & Unwin.

OOSTHUIZEN, S., 1996. Cambridgeshire from the Air. Stroud: Alan Sutton.

OOSTHUIZEN, S., 2006. Landscapes Decoded: The origins and development of Cambridgeshire’s medieval fields. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.

PALMER, R. 2000. Land at Brampton, Huntingdon, Area centred TL198716, Cambridgeshire: Aerial Photographic Assessment. Air Photo Services (Cambridge) Report 2000/13.

PEARCE, G. et.al. 1990. The Conservation Areas in the East of England. London: English Heritage.

PEVSNER, N & RADCLIFFE, E. 1985. The Buildings of England, Huntingdonshire.

PIGOT AND CO. 1830. National Commercial Directory Bedfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire. King’s Lynn: Michael Winton facsimile ed. 1994.

RCHME. 1926. An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Huntingdonshire.

RCHME, 1968. An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in the County of Cambridge. Vol. 1 West Cambridgeshire. London: HMSO.

ROACH, J.P.C. ed., 1959. Victoria County Histories: Cambridge and the Isle of Ely Volume 3 The City and University of Cambridge. London: Dawsons of Pall Mall 1967 reprint.

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SAWYER, P.H. 1968. Anglo-Saxon Charters: an annotated list and bibliography. London: Royal Historical Society.

SSEW. 1:250 000. Sheet 4: Eastern England and Legend

SSEW. 1984. Soils and their uses in Eastern England. Bulletin 13, Harpenden

TATE, WE & TURNER ME. 1978. A Domesday of English Enclosure Acts and Awards.

THOMAS, A. July 2000. Brief for Archaeological Desk-Top assessment. Land south of Thrapston Road, Brampton. Cambridgeshire County Council Archaeology Office.

WHITE, D.A. 1966. Excavations at Brampton, Huntingdonshire. Proceedings of the Cambridgeshire Antiquarian Society 62: 1-20.

YOUNGS, R., H., S., 1979. Local Administration Units of England. Volume I: Southern England. London: Royal Historical Society.

Cartographic

• Location map 1:25,000. • Site Plan (not to scale). • Cambridgeshire HER Data 1:12,500. • 1662 John Speed’s map of Huntingdonshire, 3” to 7 miles. • 1772-1775 Brampton enclosure map (HCRO Ref: LR3 / 309) • 1805-1836 Cassini Historical 1st edition OS 1” map no 153. Re-scaled to 1:50,000 • 1841-1842 Brampton tithe map (HCRO Ref: Map 310) • 1888. Source map scale - 1:2,500. Sheet 017_16 • 1890. Source map scale - 1:10,560 • 1897. Godfrey Edition of 1” OS Map 187, South Huntingdonshire • 1900. Hunts. OS XVII SE. Scale 6” to 1 mile • 1902. Source map scale - 1:10,560 • 1952. Source map scale - 1:10,560. Ordnance Survey Plan • 1958. Source map scale - 1:10,560. Ordnance Survey Plan • 1973-1978. Source map scale - 1:2,500. Ordnance Survey Plan • 1977-1991. Source map scale - 1:2,500. Ordnance Survey Plan • 1994. Source map scale - 1:2,500. Ordnance Survey Plan • 1984 - 1996. Source map scale - 1:10,000. 10K Raster Mapping • 2000. Source map scale - 1:10,000. 10K Raster Mapping

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APPENDIX 1

Gazetteer of HER Entries within 1 km of the site

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HER SAM NGR Distance Description Period No. No. From Site TL 197 Within the Well defined ridge and furrow Medieval: 02059 716 site AD 1066-1485 121 TL 350 m east Extensive cropmark evidence of sites to Bronze Age: 02117 2031 north of Brampton, initially identified by 2500 BC – 700 BC 7134 aerial photography, including a Bronze Age barrow, cremation, ditch, pit, ring- ditch and posthole. Confirmed by 1966 excavation and subsequent survey and excavations. Site now below modern housing estate. 02117 A 121 TL 300 m east Iron Age enclosure discovered by aerial Iron Age: 2025 photography. Excavations in 1966 600 BC-43 AD 7147 revealed occupation evidence, traces of huts and pottery. Site now below modern housing estate. 02117 B 121 TL 204 400 m Undated cropmarks relating to possible Prehistoric?: 717 north-east ring ditch, conjoined barrows, oval Unconfirmed enclosure, hut circles and rectilinear enclosure complex. All identified by aerial photography at Meadow View Farm.

02117 C 121 TL 203 250 m Possible Neolithic cursus identified from Neolithic: 715 north-east cropmark by aerial photography. 4,000 BC – 1,800 Excavations in 1990-1 revealed an BC associated mortuary enclosure and pit. Site now partially destroyed by A14. 02117 D 121 TL 204 450 m east Narrow Roman field ditches revealed by Roman: 716 excavation in 1990. Contained Roman 43 AD – 410 pottery. 02117 E 121 TL 204 400 m east Findspot of medieval pottery recovered Medieval: 716 during fieldwalking AD 1066-1485 02117 F 121 TL 204 450 m east Findspot of post-medieval pottery Post-Medieval: 716 recovered during fieldwalking AD 1485 – 1700 00820 TL 192 600 m Complex ditch system identified as Undated 706 south-west cropmark from aerial photography TL 203 400 m east Cropmarks of ring ditches and a Prehistoric?: 02578 713/ rectangular enclosure identified by aerial Undated TL 204 photography. Site now below modern 716 housing estate. 07608 250 m Cropmarks of enclosures and stockades Undated west comprised of lines of large postholes. Identified by aerial photography. TL 197 Within site Cropmarks identified by aerial Late Prehistoric / 08360 714 photography revealing dispersed complex Roman?: of enclosures linked by linear ditches; Unconfirmed and further enclosures and pits. 10704 TL 201 150 m east Iron Age ‘settlement’ enclosure with at Iron Age: 715 least one roundhouse identified during 600 BC-43 AD trial trench evaluation in 1992. Site now below modern housing estate. 10704 A TL 201 150 m east Series of parallel ditches –possibly Neolithic: 715 territorial boundary markers, identified 4,000 BC – 1,800 by trial trench evaluation in 1992. Site BC now below modern housing estate. 11135 TL 200 550 m Areas of burning, tree-clearance Neolithic: 723 north associated with stone tools. Two 4,000 BC – 1,800 palaeochannels also found during BC Excavations in 1993 revealed TL 600 m A single pit, possibly a cremation burial , Bronze Age: 11176 2025 southeast identified during an archaeological 2500 BC – 700 BC 7085 assessment in 1993. Fragments of

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Beaker Pottery and burnt bone were found. 11176 A TL 600 m Traces of narrow ridge and furrow Medieval?: 2025 southeast cultivation observed on the ground. Site AD 1066-1485 7085 now below modern housing estate. 11422 TL 190 650 m Site of Deserted Medieval Village of Medieval: 710 south west Houghton, evidenced by field names on AD 1066-1485 1722 enclosure map. TL 500 m Ridge and furrow earthworks reported by Medieval: 11501 2000 southeast RAF member. AD 1066-1485 7075 11610 TL 100 m North-south aligned ridge and furrow Medieval: 1970 south identified as faint cropmarks on aerial AD 1066-1485 7120 photographs. 11612 TL 250 m WSW/ENE-aligned ridge and furrow Medieval: 1940 southwest identified as cropmarks on aerial AD 1066-1485 7125 photographs. 11652 TL 300 m North-south aligned ridge and furrow and Medieval: 1925 northwest a possible pond identified as cropmarks AD 1066-1485 7195 on aerial photographs and on the ground. CB 15210 TL World War II pillbox recorded in Modern AD 1900 – 100 m 19454 unpublished report. present west 71852 CB 15265 TL Archaeological evaluation and excavation Undated; 250 m 20065 in 2002 revealed series of pits and Roman: southeast 71125 ditches dating to the Roman, medieval 43 AD – 410; and post-medieval periods. The majority Medieval: of features were undated and contained AD 1066-1485; struck flints and sparse medieval pottery. Post-Medieval: Site now below modern housing estate. AD 1485 – 1700

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Figure 1. Location map 1:25,000.

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Figure 2. Site aerial view (from housing Land Availability Study, Huntsdc.gov.uk).

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Figure 3. Cambridgeshire HER Data (after Cambs HER)

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Figure 4. 1662 John Speed’s map of Huntingdonshire, 3” to 7 miles.

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Figure 5. 1772-1775 Brampton enclosure map (Courtesy of CAS)

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Figure 6. 1805-1836 Cassini Historical 1st edition OS 1” re-scaled to 1:50,000

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Figure 7. 1841-1842 Brampton tithe map (Courtesy of CAS)

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Figure 8. 1888. Source map scale - 1:2,500.

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Figure 9. 1890. Source map scale - 1:10,560.

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Figure 10. 1897. Godfrey Edition of 1” OS Map

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Figure 11. 1900. Hunts. OS XVII SE. Scale 6” to 1 mile

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Figure 12. 1901. Source map scale - 1:2,500.

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1

Figure 13. 1952. Source map scale - 1:10,560.

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Figure 14. 1973-1978. Source map scale - 1:2,500.

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Figure 15. 1984 - 1996. Source map scale - 1:10,000.

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Plates

Plate 1. The site, looking NW from the eastern edge

Plate 2. The site, looking SW from the eastern edge

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Plate 3. The site, looking west from the eastern edge

Plate 4. The northern edge of the site, looking west

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Plate 5. The old Thrapston Road within the northern part of the site, looking east

Plate 6. The western edge of the site, looking north

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Plate 7. The footpath at the southern edge of the site, looking west

Plate 8. The site, looking NW from the southern footpath, with the A1 in the background

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Plate 9. The site and adjacent residential development, looking NE from the southern edge

Plate 10. The site and adjacent residential development, looking SE from the western edge

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