Printed County Maps of the Isle of Wight, 1590-1870: a Check-List and Guide for Students (And Collectors)

PRINTED COUNTY MAPS OF THE ISLE OF WIGHT, 1590-1870: A CHECK-LIST AND GUIDE FOR STUDENTS (AND COLLECTORS)

By RAYMOND V. TIRI.EY

THERE are several pitfalls awaiting the Naturally I cannot claim that my survey inexperienced student of those attractive, is complete, even within the limits set out decorative English county maps of the 17th, below, but I have tried to bring together 18th and even 19th centuries. Not least among material which is otherwise scattered over these are the difficulties of identifying an many reference books. Background informa- isolated specimen torn from its parent atlas, tion about the earliest printed maps of the or of simply knowing what is generally avail- Isle of Wight has been included since this able. This article, therefore, has been centred does not seem to be readily available else- round a chronological check-list covering the where. more important early maps of the Isle of Wight, as well as those most likely to be Limitations of the Survey found in the hands of dealers or in public Since I am dealing with an island, my first collections. limitation is to consider maps rather than

Plate i. Part of Baptista Boazio's 'The true description or draffte of that famous He of Wighte' (1591), the earliest separate printed map of the Island so far discovered (British Library Maps G.2.a.n). Reproduced by permission of the Board of the British Library. Proc. Hants. Field Club Achaeol. Sc. 31, 1976, 53-64. 53 PROCEEDINGS FOR THE YEAR 1974 charts. To distinguish between these it will temporary colouring has been added. The be sufficient to say that in the case of a map, style of the engraving resembles that of the printed details relate mainly to the Jodocus Hondius, who is known to have been island's interior; whereas for a chart, they are in London at this date; but what of Baptista primarily concerned with the surrounding sea. Boazio who 'made' the map? My second limitation is restriction of cover- According to Edward Lynam, whose age to 'county' maps: i.e. maps on which 'English Maps and Mapmakers of the Six- detail outside the county boundary is only teenth Century' appears in a volume of his shown incidentally, or to supplement infor- collected essays The Mapmaker's Art (1953), mation given for the county itself. In this the available evidence indicates Boazio was a article the Island is treated as a county in its draughtsman rather than a surveyor; in other own right, so maps including both Hampshire words his maps were based on the surveys (the adjoining 'county') and the Isle of Wight of other men. Lynam also says: are automatically excluded. 'In 1591 Boazio drew a map of the Isle Maps of the Island issued separately, as of Wight which was no more inaccurate individual publications (those produced by than others of that time. This reveals him the Ordnance Survey, for example) have also as a mature draughtsman, calligrapher and been omitted, together with any which once colourist in the style of the Flemish school, formed part of local guide-books or histories with a taste for decoration on his maps, - I certainly have no desire to encourage especially for graceful sailing ships.' removal of the latter from their rightful homes. In fact, the emphasis throughout is Although my survey is basically concerned on maps extracted from general atlases or with printed maps, mention must be made at topographical works. this point of an important manuscript map by John Norden (which is also to be found in the British Library). During the 1590's this The Earliest Printed Maps of the Island skilful cartographer surveyed the .southern Of what is thought to be the earliest English counties, publishing maps of Surrey, (separate) printed map of the Isle of Wight, Sussex, and Hampshire (not including the only one copy is known; that in the Map Isle of Wight) between 1594 and 1596. • Library of the British Library (formerly the Norden evidently got into financial difficulty Map Room of the British Museum - Maps at this time. He used his earlier maps and C.2.a.ll (Pl.l)). Its title is rather explicit: notes, most of which are now lost, to compile 'The true description or draffte of that an elaborately decorated manuscript volume famous He of Wighte, with some parte of (B.L. Add. MS. 31,853) entitled the Englishe or Britaine coast and inwarde 'A Chorographicall discription of the Countreye of Hampshire and Sussex wherin seuerall Shires and Islands of Middlesex, Gentle Reader you maye See the true Essex, Surrey, Sussex, Hamshire, Weighte, distances sett downe by measure or Scale Garnesey and Jarsey, performed by the of any parte therof, also the particuler traueyle and uiew of John Norden, 1595', descriptions of Hills, Woodes, Beacons, and presented it to Queen Elizabeth I (with Castells, Rockes, and Townes, whiche vnto a pathetic letter describing his misfortunes) this platt are adioyninge. Made by Baptista in the hope of securing royal patronage. The Boazio. 1591. Scale of Englishe Moyles map of Hampshire in this volume extends [blank]'. only as far as the northern portion of the This map measures about 13£ x 10 inches: Isle of Wight but, inset along the right-hand the unfinished state of the scale suggests the side, are three additional maps of 'Weyght impression is an early proof, to which con- Hand' (P1.2), 'Iarsay', and 'Garnesay*. 54 PRINTED COUNTY MAPS OF THE ISLE OF WIGHT, 1590-1870

Plate 2. The Isle of Wight portion of John Norden's manuscript map of Hampshire (1595), taken from 'A Choro- graphicall discription of. . . seuerall Shires and Islands' (British Library Add. MS. 31,853). Reproduced by permission of the Board of the British Library.

Norden's manuscript is today incomplete: of 159."): indeed R. A. Skelton (a former a portion of the text (relating to Sussex) and Superintendent of the Map Room of the several maps are missing. It is curious to note British Museum) considered the latter to have that the maps which originally formed part been based on Norden's work. of this volume were extracted during the 18th century; when at least three of them, to- Elsewhere Skelton (19.57) notes that the map gether with the title-page and dedication to of the Isle of Wight by Baptista Boazio (1591) the Queen, passed into the possession of also shows a close affinity with the Norden/ Francis Grose (the antiquary), and subse- Mercator version, and postulates the deriva- quently to Richard Bull of Northcourt, near tion of all three from a common original, Shorwell in the Isle of Wight. Some of this no longer extant, to which Boazio's map is material, including the map of Hampshire, nearest in time. He further suggests that since etc., was restored to Norden's manuscript the security of the Island was then a matter after the sale of Richard Bull's collection of of concern to the authorities, this lost original drawings and engravings in May, 1881. might have been a 'plot' drawn in connec- The manuscript map of the Island by John tion with defence projects by a military Norden is important because it very closely engineer, such as Richard Popinjay, Surveyor resembles that published in Mercator's Atlas of the Works at Portsmouth (who has several

55 PROCEEDINGS FOR THE YEAR 1974 plans of Portsmouth and the Solent to his 'The gentlemen which lived in ye Island credit). in ye 7th yere of Kinge James his reygne [c. 1610], all lived well, and weare moste However, the really intriguing feature about commonly at owre ordinarie, viz Mr. the earlier maps is that when John Speed William White, . . .' came to publish his well known and picturesquely inaccurate map of the Isle of Elsewhere, in A Royalist's Notebook edited Wight in 1611 (based, incidentally, upon the by Francis Bamford (1936), mention is made work of William White - a cartographer of of a list drawn up by Sir Edward Dennis and whom virtually nothing else is known), there Sir John Oglander, Deputy Lieutenants of were in existence at least three more accurate the Isle of Wight, giving 'all the names of representations of the Island's coasdine; one those knights, gendemen, and others within of which, being published in an atlas our Island, who are anyway fitting to lend (Mercator's) of 1595, must by this time have His Majesty money, together with the sums achieved a reasonably wide circulation. More- according to their worths and abilities.' This over, the less accurate Speed version was document, which is dated 5th November, copied by some later cartographers (Blaeu, 1625, includes Mr. William White of Shalfleet 1645 for example, and Seller, 1694?), remain- - who was assessed at £20, the maximum ing current in one form or another even until amount. the end of the seventeenth century. The extent to which Speed relied on the Arrangement of Entries in the Check-List surveys of others is not always realised. As he Entries are arranged in chronological order, freely admits in his introduction to The maps being entered under the name of the Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine: person usually associated with them (whether 'it may be obiected that I haue put my or not that person actually drew the map) Sickle into other mens Corne, and haue laid followed by the date at which the item is my Building vpon other mens Foundations thought to have been first printed, and refer- (as indeed who can doe otherwise, especially ences to the standard Bibliographies of in a subiect of this nature)'. We can be fairly Chubb, Skelton, or Koeman (where applic- certain, though, that Speed did at least set able). foot on the Isle of Wight. When referring to the inserted plans of cities and shire towns Next is given the title of the Adas or other he says: Topographical Work in which the map was published (if appropriate), together with the 'some haue beene performed by others, place and date of publication and, where without Scale annexed, the rest by mine readily available, the approximate size of the owne trauels, and vnto them for distinc- volume concerned (n.b. many maps in tions sake, the Scale of Paces, accounted atlases etc. are folded down the middle, so according to the Geometricall measure, flue this should be taken into account when foot to a pace I haue set.' comparing sizes). The town plan of Newport, forming part of Then comes a description of the Isle of the map of the Island, is one which does Wight map from the volume in question, bear a scale of paces. using words which appear on the map itself It has proved impossible to identify (the length of the scale being given in 'William White Gent.', the true author of brackets), with a note of any special features. Speed's map, with any certainty. He may be Finally, an indication of the number and referred to in a passage from Sir John dates of later issues (including changes of Oglander's papers (Long, 1888) which reads: 'parent' publication) is provided.

56 PRINTED COUNTY MAPS OF THE ISLE OF WIGHT, 1590-1870 Some of the maps in this list were also associated with Jan Jansson or Johan issued separately: in such cases any text Cloppenburg. which would otherwise have appeared on the reverse side was omitted. SPEED, John (1611); Chubb XXII, Skelton 7. The Theatre of the Empire of Great Check-List of Isle of Wight Maps, 1590-1870 Britaine ... London, 1611-12 (fol. 9£x 15 inches) BOAZIO, Baptista (1591) Wight Island. Described by William White The true description or draff te of that Gent. Augmented . . . by Iohn Speed . . . famous He of Wighte, with some parte of solde by Iohn Sudbury and G. Humbell . . . the Englishe . . . coast . . . The scale of Englishe miles, 7 (= 4^ inches) n.p., 1591 (13£x 10 inches) Plans: Newport, Southampton The earliest (separate) printed map of the Arms: 4 coats of arms of nobility Island so far discovered, of which the only The Isle of Wight was not included amongst known copy is in the British Library. some earlier impressions of Speed's maps, dating from 1605 to 1610. MERCATOR, Gerard (1595); Skelton pp. 220-25, Later issues: 1616 (English or Latin text), Koeman Me 12. 1623?, 1627, 1632, 1646, 1650, 1651, 1652, Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditaliones de 1653, 1654, 1665? (imprint of Roger Rea), Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura . . . 1676 (imprint of Thomas Bassett and Richard Chiswell). The maps were reissued Duisburg, 1595 (fol. 11x16 inches) several times between about 1700 and 1755 Anglesey. Miliaria Angliae, 10 ( = 2f inches) with an Overton imprint, and were finally Garnesay. Per Gerardum Mercatorem, Cum reprinted by C. Dicey fc Co. around 1770. Privilegio, Miliaria Anglica, 6 (=2^ inches) Wight Vectis olim. Miliaria Anglica, 6 BERTIUS, Petrus (1616); Skelton pp. 227-28, ( = 2\ inches) Koeman Lan 11A. Iarsay. Miliaria Anglica, 6 ( = 3£ inches) Petri Bertii Tabularum geographicarum This map appears in the third part of contraclarum . . . Mercator's Atlas, entitled Atlantis Pars altera. Amsterdam, 1616 Geographia Nova. Tolius Mundi ... Anglesey Ins. Miliar Ang. parua, 10 Later issues: Many other editions were pub- ( = 1 >nch) lished after 1602, those between 1606 and Ins. Garnesay. Milliar Ang. comm., 6 1646 being associated with members of the ( = f inch) Hondius family and/or Jan Jansson. Ins. Iarsay. Milliar Ang. com., 4 ( = | inch) Wight ol. Vectis. Miliaria Ang. mediocria, 5 HONDIUS, Jodocus (1607); Skelton pp. 226-30, ( = | inch) Koeman Me 186. After Mercator (1595) Later issues: 1618 (Latin or French text), Atlas Minor Gerardi Mercatoris a I. 1639 (published in an abridged edition of Hondio . . . Camden's Britannia — Chubb LV, Skelton Amsterdam, 1607 24). Anglesey, Ins.; Wight ol. Vectis; Ins. Garnesey; Ins. Jarsey A miniature version of Mercator (1595) VAN DEN KEERE, Pieter (1627); Chubb XI, Later issues: There were many issues (includ- Skelton 17. ing a few which appeared in English books England Wales Scotland and Ireland De- between 1625 and 1639), later editions being scribed and Abridged . . . from a fair Larger

57 PROCEEDINGS FOR THE YEAR 1974 Voulume done by John Speed . . . Dutch text), 1653 (Dutch text), 1656 (French London, 1627 (obi. 8vo. 6£ x 4£ inches) text), 1658? (German text), 1659 (Latin or Wight Island. The scale of miles, 4 Dutch text), 1659? (German text), c. 1705 (=finch) (published by Karel Allard as Atlas Major), A miniature version of Speed (1611) 1714 (published as Atlas Anglois by David Van den Keere's atlas was first published Mortier and reissued in 1715), 1724 (pub- c. 1605 and reissued in 1617, but the Isle of lished as Atlas Anglois by Joseph Smith). Wight did not feature in these earlier editions. Late impressions bear the imprint of Pieter Later issues: 1632?, 1646?, 1662, 1665, 1666, Schenk and Gerard Valk, who acquired 1668, 1676. Jansson's plate towards the end of the 17th century. BLAEU, Joan (1645); Chubb LIX, Skelton 28, Koeman Bl 43A. BLOME, Richard CI673); Chubb XCIX, Skelton Guil. et lonnis Blaeu Theatrum Orbis 90. Terr arum, sive Atlas Novus. Pars quarta. Britannia; or, a Geographical Description of Amsterdam, 1645 (fol. 13^x21 inches) the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Vectis Insula. Anglice The Isle of Wight. Ireland . . . Joh. Blaeu Excud. Milliaria Anglica, 4 London, 1673 (fol. 5£x lOf inches) (= 3 inches) A Mapp of the Isles of Wight, Jarsey, Arms: 4 coats of arms of nobility Garnsey, Sarke, Man, Orcades, and Shet- After Speed (post-1623) land. By Ric. Blome Later issues: 1645 (French text), 1646 (Latin, Arms: 4 coats of arms of nobility- French or German text), 1647 (Dutch text), Later issues: 1677. 1648 (Latin, French, German or Dutch text), 1659 (Spanish text), 1662 (Latin, LEA, Philip (c. 1689); Skelton 110. French or Spanish text), 1663 (French text), All the Shires of England and Wales De- 1664 (Dutch text), 1667 (French text), and scribed by Christopher Sax ton . . .With various others after 1672. many additions . . . by Philip Lea . . . London, c. 1689 JANSSON, Jan (1646); Chubb LXX, Skelton 34, A Map of the Isle of Wight Portsea Halinge, Koeman Me 152. also The islands of Iarsey & Garnsey . . . loannis lanssonii Novus Atlas, sive Made &: Sold by Philip Lea Theatrum Orbis Terrarum . . . Tomus Also includes inset maps of the Isle of quartus. Man, Scilly Isles, Holy Island and the Amsterdam, 1646 (fol. 9£ x 16^ inches) Fame Islands. Mona Insula vulgo Anglesey. Milliaria Saxton's atlas, which was first published in Anglica, 6 (= 2\ inches) 1579, did not contain a separate map of the Mona Insula: vulgo The Isle of Man. Mil- Isle of Wight. liaria Anglica, 25 (=1$ inches) Later issues: c. 1693 (English or French text, Vectis Insula Anglice The Isle oE Wight. published as The Shires of England and Milliaria Anglica, 5 ( = 2£ inches) Wales etc. in this and subsequent editions), Arms: 4 coats of arms of nobility, the c. 1720 (published by George Willdey), c. arms of England, and those of the 1749 (published by Thomas Jefferys), c. Isle of Man 1770 (published by C. Dicey & Co.). After Speed (pre-1623). Later issues: 1646 (French text), 1647 (French, DEFER, Nicolas (1692) German or Dutch text), 1649 (German or L'Isle de Wight . . . Milles d'Angleterre, 6 Dutch text), 1652 (French, German or ( = 2i inches)

58 PRINTED COUNTY MAPS OF THE ISLE OF WIGHT, 1590-1870

Les Isles Sorlingues, ou Silley This map, which was published in the second Tor Baye part of Coronelli's atlas entitled Isolario Paris, 1692 (12£x 14 inches) descrittione . . . , bears 4 separate plate-marks. This map was probably issued in De Fer's atlases from about 1700 onwards. It includes a MORDEN, Robert (1701); Chubb CXXIV, description of the Isle of Wight (in French) Skelton 123. between the map of the Stilly Isles and that of The New Description and State of Eng- Tor Bay. land ... London, 1701 (8vo. 4£ x 5£ inches) SELLER, John (1604?^; Chubb CXVIII, Skelton The Smaller Islands in the British Ocean 115! by Robt. Morden Anglia Contractu; or, A Description of the A miniature version of Morden (1695) Kingdom of England & Principality of Later issues: 1704, 1708 (published as Fifty Wales . . . Six new and acurate Maps of Great Britain), London, 1694? (8vo. 3f x 5 | inches) 1720-31 (published in Magna Britannia The Island of Wight. By J. Seller. English attributed to Thomas Cox, which was re- miles, 5 (= I inch) issued in 1738). After Speed. CORONELLI, Vincenzo Maria (1706) Later issues: 1701 (published in Camden's Teatro della Guerra . . . Britannia Abridged), 1703 (published in Naples, 1706 (obi. 4to. 10£ x 8 inches) John Seller's The History of England), 1777 Wight I. D.D. Dal P. Coronelli. M. Inglesi 4 (published in Supplement to the Antiquities ( = 1^. inches) of England and Wales by Francis Grose, and This map appears in the part of Coronelli's reissued on several occasions). atlas entitled Isole Britanniche. MORDEN, Robert (1695); Chubb CXIII, Skelton VAN DER AA, Pieter (1712?); Koeman Aa 5. 117. L'Atlas Soulage de son gros

59 PROCEEDINGS FOR THE YEAR 1974 ROCQUE, John (1746); Chubb CLXXXV. British statute miles, 5 (= If inches) The English Traveller; giving a Description After Kitchin (1764). of those Parts of Great-Britain called Eng- Later issues: 1766 (French text), 1768, 1773, land and Wales. 1777. London, 1746 The Isle of Wight. English miles, 5 ( = l j LODGE. John (1787); Chubb CCXLIX. inches) The Political Magazine and Parliamentary, After Moll (1724). Naval, Military, and Literary Journal. . . Later issues: 1753 (published in John London, 1782-90 (8vo. 5 x 7£ inches) Rocque's The Small British Atlas, which A Map of the Isle of Wight... J. Lodge sc. was reissued in 1762 and 1764), 1769 (pub- London. Published . . . 30 April, 1787, by J. lished in England Displayed by P. Russell Murray . . . British statute miles 5 (=lf and Owen Price). inches) Later issues: c. 1795 (imprint etc. removed). OSBORNE, T. (1748); Chubb CLXXXIX. Geographia Magna Britanniae; or, Correct COLE, G. and ROPER, J. (1805); Chubb Maps of all the Counties in England, Scot- CCCXXXIX. land, and Wales . . . The British Atlas; comprising a complete set London, 1748 (8vo. 4 x 7 inches) of County Maps, of England and Wales . . . A Correct Map of the Isle of Wight. Miles, 5 London, 1810 (4to. 8£ x II inches) ( = If inches) Isle of Wight . . . Octr. 1st, 1805. Scale, 5 The maps in this atlas may be the work of miles (=lf inches) Thomas Hutchinson. Plan: Newport Later issues: 1750. Engraved for, and originally intended to accompany The Beauties of England and BELLIN, Jacques Nicolas (1764) Wales by E. W. Brayley and J. Britton. Le Petit Atlas Maritime; recueil de cartes Later issues: 1816 (published in Joseph et plans des quatres parties du monde . . . Nightingale's English Topography, which Paris, 1764 (fol.) was reissued in 1827). Carte de l'lsle de Wight May be considered a map rather than a chart. BAKER, Benjamin (1806); Chubb CCXCIV. Laurie and Whittle's New and Improved KITCHIN, Thomas (1764); Chubb CCXXIV. English Atlas, divided into Counties . . . England Illustrated; or, A Compendium of London, 1807 (obi. 11 x 8| inches) the . . . Geography . . . of England and Isle of Wight . . . Engraved by B. Baker. Wales. With maps of the several Published Octr. 13th, 1806, by Laurie fc Counties... Whittle .. . Scale of miles, 5 (= If inches) London, 1764 (4to. 8£x 11} inches) A New Map of the Isle of Wight. . . British LAURIE, Robert and WHITTLE, James (1806); statute miles, 5 ( = 1£ inches) Chubb CCCXLIII. Later issues: 1768 (published as Kitchin's Laurie and- Whittle's Neiu Traveller's Com- English Atlas). panion ... London, 1806 (8vo. 6} x 70£ inches, ELLIS, John (1766); Chubb CCXXVII. according to 1810 edition) Ellis's English Atlas; or, A Compleat Choro- Roads in the Isle of Wight. Published 12th graphy of England and Wales . . . Feby 1806 .. . Scale, 7 miles (=2£ inches) London, 1766 (obi. 8 vo. Il|x9 inches) Later issues: this work had reached a 5th A Modern Map of the Isle of Wight . . . edition by 1810.

60 PRINTED COUNTY MAPS OF THE ISLE OF WICHT, 1590-1870

WAI.LIS, James (1812); Chubb CCCXLIV. Hall . . . , 1832. English miles, 4 (= 1£ Wallis's New Pocket Edition of the English inches) Counties, or Travellers Companion . . . Later issues: 1833 (published in Sidney Hall's London, 1812 (12mo. 4x 5f inches) A New British Atlas, which was reissued in Isle of Wight. Scale of miles, 4 ( = 7/16 inch) 1834 and 1836), c. 1835, 1842 (published in Later issues: 1814, 1819 (published in Lewis's A Travelling County Atlas, which was re- New Traveller's Guide, which was reissued issued frequently between 1843 and 1854), in 1835 and 1836). 1847 (published as A New County Atlas), 1855 (published as Sidney Hall's Travelling THOMSON, John (1817?) Atlas of the English Counties, and reissued A New General Atlas . . . of the Globe . . . in 1857), 1857 (published as A Travelling Edinburgh, 1817 (fol.) Atlas of the English Counties, which was Remote British Islands (Channel Isles, Man, reissued fairly frequently at least until Wight, Scilly) 1885). Views: Freshwater Bay, Isle of Wight; Eddystone Lighthouse PINNOCK, William (1833) Later issues: 1821. The Guide to Knowledge [a Periodical] edited by W. Pinnock. HALL, Sidney (1820); Chubb CCCLXXIII. London, 1833-36 (4to. 7f x lOf inches) Leigh's New Pocket Atlas of England and Isle of Wight . . . English miles, 4 (=l-rV Wales . . . inches) London, 1820 (12mo. 3± x 5£ inches, Printed from a wood block, with the design in according to 1825 edition) white on a black background, this formed the Isle of Wight. Pub. by S. Leigh. Sidy Hall front page of No. LIX (Vol. 1) of the periodi- sculpt. English miles, 5 (= 1 inch) cal, published on June 15, 1833. The other Later issues: 1825 (published as Leigh's New county maps in this series are attributed either Atlas of England & Wales, which was re- to J. Archer or S. Hall. issued frequently between 1826 and 1843), 1834. MOULE, Thomas (1836); Chubb CCCCLXXI. The English Counties Delineated; or, a DAWSON, Robert Kearsley (1832); Chubb Topographical Description of England . . . CCCCXXXIX. London, 1836 (4to. 8\x 10£ inches) Plans of the Cities and Boroughs of England Isle of Wight. Scale of miles, 6 (= 2£ inches) and Wales . • • , together with Outline View: Carisbrooke Castle Maps.. . Later issues: 1837, 1838, 1839, 1842 (published London, 1832 (fol. 18£x 23 inches) in Barclay's Universal English Dictionary, Isle of Wight. Robt. K. Dawson, Lieut. R.E. and reissued in several other editions of Engraved by J. Gardner. Scale of miles, 5 Barclay's dictionary between 1844 and 1852). (= 2£ inches) The same work also contains a Plan of New- ARCHER, Joshua (1842); Chubb CCCCLXVI. port; scale, 2 inches to a mile. Curiosities of Great Britain; England and Wales Delineated . . . by Thomas Dugdale. HALL, Sidney (1832); Chubb CCCCXLVI. London, 1842 A Topographical Dictionary of Great Isle of Wight. Drawn & Engraved by J. Britain and Ireland . . . by John Gorton. Archer . . . Scale, 5 miles (= If inches) London, 1833 (8vo. 5|x 8£ inches) Later issues: 1843, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1860 Isle of Wight. Engraved by Sidy. Hall. (published as Dugdale's England and Wales London: Published by Chapman and Delineated).

61 PROCEEDINGS FOR THE YEAR 1974

JOHNSON, Thomas (1847); Chubb DXXIII. HUGHES, William (1868); Chubb DLXII. Johnson's Atlas of England . . . The National Gazelecr; a Topographical Manchester, 1847 (4to. 8£x 10£ inches) Dictionary of the British Islands . . . Isle of Wight. English miles, 4 (= 1^ inches) London, 1868 (8vo. 7 x 10£ inches) Isle of Wight . . . English miles, 5 (= 2 | CLARKE, Benjamin and COLLINS, Henry inches) George (1852); Chubb DXXXIV. Later issues: 1870, 1873 (published as A New The British Gazeteer . . . by B. Clarke. County Atlas of Great Britain and Ireland), London, 1852 (8vo. 6|x 10 inches) 1886 (published as A New Parliamentary . . . Isle of Wight. London: Published for and County Atlas of Great Britain and the Proprietors by H. G. Collins . . . Scale, Ireland). 6 miles ( = 5 | inches) Size of map: 13£ x 16£ inches, before Notes for Students folding. Many English county atlases do not boast a separate map of the Isle of Wight, which PHILIP, George (1853?) was frequently treated as part of Hampshire. Philip's General Atlas . . . of the Empires,. Those who accept my limitations will have to KingdomSj and States of the World . . . ignore items such as Thomas Kitchin's highly Liverpool, 1853? (fol. 13£x21 inches) informative mid-18th century 'New and Guernsey, Alderney &c. British statute Improved Map of Hampshire'; the surface of miles, 8 ( = 2£ inches) which is sprinkled with marginal notes telling Jersey. British statute miles, 5 (=2f inches) us, for example Scilly Isles. British statute miles, 5 ( = 2f 'The Isle of Wight abounds in Corn & inches) Pasture, Wild Fowl, Fish, Hares, Rabbets, Isle of Man. British statute miles, 10 k good Cattle. Its Wool is equal to that at ( = 3T%- inches) Lempster and Coteswald . . .' Isle of Wight. British statute miles, 6 ( = 2 | or inches) 'East and West Cowes are two pretty This map has the general title 'Channel & Towns, the latter especially. They have each Scilly Isles, Isles of Man & Wight'. of them a Castle, that at E. Cowes has been HALL, Sidney (1860); Chubb DXLV. neglected, but in the other a Garrison is constantly kept . . .' The English Counties . . . even that London, 1860 (fol. 13£x 18£ inches) 'South Yarmouth (so call'd to disting11. it Isle of Wight. Engraved by Sidy Hall . . . l English miles, 4 ( = 2 | inches) from Gr . Yarmouth in Norfolk) is govern'd An enlarged version of Hall (1832). by a Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, Bailiffs, & Common-council. 'Tis defended by a ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY (1861) Chubb strong Castle having a Garrison.' DXII However, every student must define the scope The Journal of the Royal Agricultural of his, or her interests and, no doubt, even Society of England self-imposed rules can sometimes be broken London, 1843-70 with advantage. Geological Map of the Isle of Wight. Scale During most of the period covered by my of miles, 5 ( = H inches) survey, maps were printed from engraved One of a series of ' county' geological maps copper plates. These plates often had a long issued between 1843 and 1870, that for the Isle life, passing from the hands of one publisher of Wight appearing in 1861. to another (perhaps being partially re-

62 PRINTED COUNTY MAPS OF THE ISLE OF WIGHT, 1590-1870 engraved to accommodate new topographical colours are kept away from strong sunlight), features). This is well illustrated by the but it is not such a good idea to attempt serious history of Speed's maps, where the original study of maps already framed. As I have plates enjoyed an active life of more than indicated above, it may be necessary to 150 years, and gives rise to a major problem examine the back of a map for identification - how to identify the edition from which a purposes. More important than this, even, given map was taken. students should always be able to hold a map up to a good light and look through it: this This question is often difficult to answer by reveals defects and repairs in a way that no examining the face of the map alone, recourse examination confined to its surface can, may being made to the text (if any) on the reverse. also provide evidence of date via a water- Even then positive results may only be mark in the paper, and should enable a achieved after detailed comparison with speci- modern reproduction to be distinguished from mens whose identity is beyond all doubt (for an older original. example, those found in the Map Library of the British Library). In the absence of sup- When you need to lorm your own idea of porting evidence, therefore, the inexperienced retail values, this can be done using a guide student is advised to treat with a measure of like Book Auction Records to look up the reserve claims made regarding the dates of prices obtained at auction for complete maps which were issued frequently over a atlases: simple arithmetic will then give you relatively long period. It is true that some an average price per map, which must be guidance may be obtained from the state of increased (doubled perhaps?) to allow for the plate at the time of printing. If the dealers' profit margins - but do not expect impression looks poor and thin, or if the plate this method to yield more than a very shows obvious signs of wear, a late issue may approximate notion of the kind of sum be indicated. Conversely, if the impression is involved. Book Auction Records occasionally sharp and clear, it is more likely to have been covers individual maps and another periodical. made towards the beginning of the plate's The Geographical Magazine, currently in- life. cludes a monthly 'Saleroom Survey' feature. Remember, too, that there may not be a Comparatively few early printed maps were tremendous difference between the prices issued in a coloured state, the major excep- asked by some dealers for, say, a Speed map tions being those of Blaeu and Jansson. whether it is an early or a late issue; whether Atlases such as Speed's could be coloured if its condition is good or poor; whether its the purchaser so desired, the splendour of the colouring is fine or mediocre. final product reflecting to some extent the wealth of its owner; and maps with 'original The ideal copy of any map is an early colouring" extracted from these can be very impression of the edition in question (first desirable. Otherwise, it is safest to assume editions tend to be sought-after) with clear, that colouring has been added at a later stage black printing. Its surface ought to be clean in the map's existence, and judge it according and the paper undamaged (no holes or tears). to the taste with which the colours have been with the outer margins extending beyond the chosen and the skill with which they have plate-mark (a ridge surrounding the printed been applied. As a very rough guide to the area caused by the edge of the original copper date of colouring - the less colour there is, plate when the impression was made); should the earlier it is (but there are many exceptions the paper be crisp and fresh, so much the to this rule). better. If the map has been coloured, this must be judged according to personal taste: Some people like to display their maps in but at least the work should have been glazed frames. This is acceptable (provided executed with care.

63 PROCEEDINGS FOR THE YEAR 1974 It is desirable, of course, that maps be history, eminently worthy of preservation as preserved in the condition in which they were part of our heritage for coming generations. produced and used in their own day. For example, a map which was made to be folded A ckn oiuledgemtn Is in a gentleman's pocket for use on his travels, and survives as such, is better left in this I am grateful to Dr. Helen Wallis (Map state rather than converted into a framed Librarian, the British Library) who, having picture for wall decoration. Always keep in read my draft manuscript, kindly offered mind the purpose lor which maps were valuable comments thereon. I wish also to originally intended, and they should prove a express my gratitude to the Board of the source of lasting interest (and pleasure): you British Library for permission to reproduce may regard them as small pieces of English photographs of material held by that Library.

REFERENCES In Check-List Chubb, T., 1927. The Printed Maps in the Atlases of Great Britain and Ireland: a Biblio- graphy, 1579-1870, London. Skelton, R. A., 1970. County Atlases of the British Isles, 1579-1850: a Bibliography, Vol. 1, 1579-1703. London. Koeman, I. C, 1967-71. At.lanl.es Neerlandici: Bibliography of terrestrial, maritime and celestial atlases and pilot books, published- in the Netherlands up to 1880, 5 vols. Amsterdam.

In Text Bamford, F. (ed.), 1936. A Royalist's Notebook, London. Long, W. H. (ed.), 1888. The Oglander Memoirs, London. Lynam, E., 1953. The Mapmaker's Art, London. Skelton, R. A., 1957. 'Two English Maps of the Sixteenth Century'. Brit. Mm. Quart. 21, 1, 1-2.

(Revised October, 1974).

Author: R. V. Turley, Southampton University Library.