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Revista Da Faculdade De Letras UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO REVISTA DA FACULDADE DE LETRAS HISTÓRIA III SÉRIE • VOL. 10 • PORTO • 2009 3 Í n d i c e Gaspar Martins Nota de abertura Pereira 5 Dossier Temático: As invasões francesas Jorge Martins Introdução ao Dossier Temático Ribeiro 9 Carlos de Azeredo 11 O reino de Portugal e o Bloqueio Napoleónico Ana Sofia de Imagens de França do Século XVIII Almeida Coutinho 17 através da Colecção Cartográfica do Visconde de Balsemão Maria Teresa Ecos das invasões napoleónicas Nascimento 29 na produção literária portuguesa em diálogo João Francisco Algumas notas sobre as Invasões Francesas Marques 37 em Portugal na historiografia do século XIX Henrique José As Juntas minhotas de 1808 na reacção à ocupação francesa Martins Matos 43 Luís A. de Oliveira Do Bloqueio Continental à Mudança da Corte para o Rio de Ramos 57 Janeiro Jorge Martins A importância do Bloqueio Continental Ribeiro 63 para o futuro de Portugal e do Brasil O Gabinete do Ministro e Secretário de Estado dos Negócios Abel Rodrigues 71 Estrangeiros e da Guerra (1804-1808). Análise da produção informacional Maria do Carmo Carisma e realidade do General Francisco da Silveira Serén 91 Francisco Ribeiro Objectivos e aspectos estratégicos da invasão de Soult da Silva 103 Outros Estudos Luís Carlos Amaral 113 O povoamento da terra bracarense durante o século X Pablo S. Otero O apoxeo dos escudeiros na galiza baixomedieval. Piñeyro Maseda 129 O caso dos vilariño. O seu patrimonio e parentelas Maria do Rosário A Fábrica de Papel da Lousã e o processo de industrialização Castiço de Campos 145 em Portugal Da vontade unificadora do Estado à adaptação da escola Carlos Manique pública às realidades locais: o papel dos governadores civis e da Silva 151 dos comissários de estudos (anos de 1840-1860) Os recenseamentos eleitorais como fonte para o estudo das Maria elites no decurso da monarquia constitucional: da regenera- Antonieta Cruz 161 ção à república A evolução demográfica da Freguesia do Bonfim Luís Grosso Correia 181 da Cidade do Porto na Época Contemporânea 197 Notícias 203 Notas de Leitura e Recensões Críticas 217 Abstracts 9 i n TRO d UÇÃO Introdução ao Dossier temático As Invasões Francesas constituem o tema genérico do dossier temático deste volume 10, da III série da Revista da Faculdade de Letras – História, relativo ao ano de 2009. De facto, numa altura em que a cidade do Porto e o norte de Portugal evocaram o bicentenário da invasão comandada pelo Marechal Soult, duque da Dalmácia, que ficou tradicionalmente conhecida como a 2ª invasão francesa, achou-se pertinente dedicar o número de 2009 às intervenções napoleónicas em Portugal e, de algum modo associar-se à recordação desta efeméride. Dentro do mesmo espírito, a Universidade do Porto e a sua Faculdade de Letras, através do Departamento de História, estiveram ligadas à organização do XXXV Congresso Internacional de História Militar, que decorreu no Porto, sob o tema: A guerra no tempo de Napoleão. Antecedentes, campanhas militares e impactos de longa duração, tendo tido lugar uma reflexão alargada sobre o período em questão. A cidade esteve nas mãos das tropas do marechal Jean de Dieu Soult entre 29 de Março e 12 de Maio de 1809, altura em que foi libertada pelas forças anglo-lusas, comandadas por Sir Arthur Wellesley, o futuro duque de Wellington. Não nos podemos esquecer que o burgo portuense, após ter sido ocupado, neste ano, pelas tropas gaulesas, foi sujeito a um saque geral, o único que até agora sofreu perpetrado por um exército estrangeiro. No entanto, esta não foi nem a primeira, nem seria a última vez que Napoleão procuraria controlar Portugal: já o invadira em 1807-1808 e voltaria a tentá-lo em 1810-1811. Os dez trabalhos que constituem este dossier temático, além de abordarem alguns aspectos deste episódio da História de Portugal, explicam também as razões que levaram o Imperador dos Franceses a lançar os seus exércitos contra o território metropolitano português, única parcela do espaço lusitano ao seu alcance, desde que perdera o controlo dos oceanos a favor da sua rival: a Grã-Bretanha. Assim, os vários estudos abordam diversos aspectos, desde as imagens que em Portugal se faziam da França no século XVIII até aos ecos das invasões napoleónicas na literatura portuguesa, bem como o modo como este evento foi abordado pela historiografia de oitocentos. Alguns artigos também mostram a importância do Bloqueio Continental e um deles reflecte também sobre a importância da partida da corte para o Brasil. As Juntas minhotas formadas em 1808, a personalidade do general Silveira e os objectivos e estratégicas do marechal Soult são outros dos pontos abordados. Por último, de assinalar um artigo sobre o arquivo do conde da Barca, guardado no Arquivo Distrital de Braga, onde se encontra uma importante documentação para o conhecimento dos alvores do século XIX. Este episódio da História de Portugal, que tem sido estudado desde há 200 anos, ao sabor das ideologias e conveniências políticas do momento, necessita de novos estudos e a utilização de documentação coeva, que apesar de decorrido tanto tempo, continua inédita em arquivos públicos e privados, tanto em Portugal como no estrangeiro. É também tempo de mostrar aos europeus que os portugueses, tal como os outros povos da Europa, contribuíram de forma decisiva para o revés da política imperial de Napoleão, o qual até à sua intervenção na Península Ibérica tinha a fama de invencível. Além disto, não podemos finalizar esta introdução sem recordar a importância das invasões napoleónicas para o desenvolvimento do Brasil e para a sua independência e que as tropas francesas ajudaram a espalhar em Portugal as sementes da ideia nova, quer dizer, dos ideais revolucionários, que irão germinar e dar frutos em 1820, aquando da 1ª. Revolução Liberal Portuguesa. Jorge Martins Ribeiro Nota de abertura Este número da Revista da Faculdade de Letras — História, cujo dossier temático é dedicado às «Invasões Francesas», traduz o envolvimento de vários docentes do Departamento de História e de Estudos Políticos e Internacionais da FLUP nas Comemorações do Bicentenário desse acontecimento marcante da história portuguesa, sobre o qual vêm, há muito, a desenvolver trabalhos de investigação. A estudos dos aspectos político-militares e das suas repercussões não só no espaço nacional e peninsular mas também europeu e mesmo transatlântico, com consequências assinaláveis e duradouras nas relações luso-britânicas e no complexo imperial português, juntam-se outras perspectivas, não menos importantes, sobre a diplomacia da época, a participação de diversos grupos sociais na resistência à ocupação ou, ainda, as memórias e representações veiculadas quer pela produção literária quer por acções comemorativas. Como é habitual, além do dossier temático e das rubricas finais de notícias e recensões, este número da revista inclui, na secção «outros estudos», diversos artigos que se alargam a outras problemáticas, reflectindo a abertura a todos os domínios da história. Neste caso, os estudos aqui publicados cobrem temáticas que vão desde o povoamento da terra bracarense no século X até à importância dos escudeiros na Galiza na Baixa Idade Média, a partir do caso dos Vilariño, do seu património e parentelas, ou à discussão do processo de industrialização em Portugal, com base no exemplo da Fábrica de papel da Lousã, passando por estudos sobre a adaptação da escola pública às realidades locais em meados do século XIX, sobre os recenseamentos eleitorais como fonte para o estudo das elites no período da monarquia constitucional, ou, ainda, sobre a evolução demográfica de uma freguesia do Porto (Bonfim) na época contemporânea. Mais uma vez, deve destacar-se, tanto no dossier temático como nos outros estudos que aqui se publicam, a abertura da revista a múltiplas colaborações, integrando resultados de investigação de colegas de outras universidades, de jovens investigadores que preparam as suas dissertações de pós-graduação ou de estudiosos que têm vindo a dedicar muito do seu labor ao conhecimento das temáticas abordadas. Neste sentido, a nossa revista continua a constituir um espaço aberto de diálogo e de divulgação do conhecimento histórico. Este número inclui, além disso, a participação, sempre enriquecedora, de diversos investigadores seniores, que, apesar de já aposentados da actividade docente, continuam a manter uma invejável vitalidade na sua produção científica, valorizando o salutar diálogo entre diferentes gerações de docentes e investigadores do nosso Departamento. A publicação de mais este número da Revista da Faculdade de Letras — História deve muito a essa pluralidade de colaborações. E, simultaneamente, ao esforço dos colegas que se envolveram mais activamente na respectiva edição. É justo realçar aqui o empenhamento do responsável pela organização do dossier temático, Jorge Martins Ribeiro, dos membros da Comissão Redactorial (Amélia Polónia e Luís Miguel Duarte) e da secretária do Departamento e da revista, Susana Cunha. Gaspar Martins Pereira Revista da Faculdade de Letras HISTÓRIA Porto, III Série, vol. 10, 2009, pp. 11-15 Carlos de Azeredo1 O reino de Portugal e o Bloqueio Napoleónico R e SUMO com as derrotas navais do cabo S. Vicente, Aboukir e Trafalgar, o Reino Unido destruiu o potencial marítimo de napoleão, restando a este o duvidoso intuito de arruinar a Grã-Bretanha com o Bloqueio continental. Assim, após o tratado de Tilsit, o imperador vira-se contra Portugal que ousara continuar a manter os seus portos abertos ao comércio inglês. no entanto, a conquista e o domínio do território português já, antes de 1806, estava nos planos de napoleão, conforme se pode ver através da sua correspondência. nos inícios do século XiX, Portugal era, ainda, uma das maiores potências marítimas mundiais, embora tivesse de se manter neutral e ter boas relações com a inglaterra, bem como a França e a espanha. Londres reage contra as imposições napoleónicas e declara um bloqueio à França e às potências suas aliadas.
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