Vokalschwächung Im Peruanischen Spanisch
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Aplicación De La Ley N.º 28440: Sistema Electoral Y Participación Ciudadana De Centros Poblados, Arequipa, 2016
UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE SANTA MARÍA ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO MAESTRÍA EN DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL APLICACIÓN DE LA LEY N.º 28440: SISTEMA ELECTORAL Y PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA DE CENTROS POBLADOS, AREQUIPA, 2016 Tesis presentada por la Bachiller MARÍA DEL CARMEN PAZ BARREDA Para optar por el Grado Académico de MAESTRO EN DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL Asesor DR. EDUARDO JESÚS MEZA FLORES Arequipa-Perú 2017 A mi hijo, Imanol y mi familia, por su apoyo y comprensión. 2 La democracia lleva al más bello nombre que existe “igualdad” Herodoto Para nosotros, la democracia es una cuestión de dignidad humana. Y la dignidad humana es la libertad política. Sven Olaf Palme 3 ÍNDICE GENERAL RESUMEN 9 ABSTRACT 10 INTRODUCCIÓN 11 CAPÍTULO I: SISTEMA ELECTORAL Y DERECHO DE PARTICIPACIÓN 13 CIUDADANA 1. SISTEMA ELECTORAL 14 A. ANTECEDENTES 14 B. CONCEPTO 15 C. SISTEMA ELECTORAL DE LAS ELECCIONES MUNICIPALES 22 D. PRINCIPIOS 23 E. ORGANISMOS ELECTORALES 26 F. CRÍTICAS AL SISTEMA ELECTORAL ACTUAL 36 G. PROCESO ELECTORAL 38 H. PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS ORGANISMOS ELECTORALES 48 I. GARANTÍAS ELECTORALES 49 J. LEGISLACIÓN COMPARADA 51 2. DERECHO DE PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA 53 A. DERECHO FUNDAMENTAL A LA PARTICIPACIÓN POLÍTICA 58 B. DERECHO AL VOTO 62 C. DERECHO A ELEGIR O SER ELEGIDO 65 DERECHO A PERTENECER O REPRESENTAR A UNA ORGANIZACIÓN D. 66 POLÍTICA CAPÍTULO II: LEY N.º 28440, LEY DE ELECCIÓN DE AUTORIDADES MUNICIPALES DE CENTROS POBLADOS 69 1. LAS MUNICIPALIDADES 70 A. AUTONOMÍA MUNICIPAL 71 2. IMPORTANCIA DE LOS CENTROS POBLADOS EN EL PERÚ 75 3. ANÁLISIS DE LA LEY N.º 28440 80 A. ACTORES 81 B. DISEÑO DEL PROCESO 85 C. -
A Multi-Disciplinary Overview of Chagas in Periurban Peru
Journal of International and Global Studies Volume 1 Number 2 Article 1 4-1-2010 A Multi-disciplinary Overview of Chagas in Periurban Peru Sarah McCune Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (AB PRISMA), Lima, Peru Angela M. Bayer Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Gabrielle C. Hunter Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Natalie M. Bowman Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Juan G. Cornejo del Carpio Dirección Regional del Ministerio de Salud, Arequipa, Peru See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lindenwood.edu/jigs Part of the Anthropology Commons, Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation McCune, Sarah; Bayer, Angela M.; Hunter, Gabrielle C.; Bowman, Natalie M.; Cornejo del Carpio, Juan G.; Naquira, Cesar; Gilman, Robert H.; Bern, Caryn; and Levy, Michael Z. (2010) "A Multi-disciplinary Overview of Chagas in Periurban Peru," Journal of International and Global Studies: Vol. 1 : No. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.lindenwood.edu/jigs/vol1/iss2/1 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Digital Commons@Lindenwood University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of International and Global Studies by an authorized editor of Digital Commons@Lindenwood University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Multi-disciplinary Overview of Chagas in Periurban Peru Authors Sarah McCune, Angela M. -
Quichua-Spanish Language Contact in Salcedo, Ecuador: Revisiting Media Lengua Syncretic Language Practices
QUICHUA-SPANISH LANGUAGE CONTACT IN SALCEDO, ECUADOR: REVISITING MEDIA LENGUA SYNCRETIC LANGUAGE PRACTICES BY MARCO SHAPPECK DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2011 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Hans Henrich Hock, Director of Research Professor Rajeshwari Vijay Pandharipande, Chair Associate Professor Anna María Escobar Professor José Ignacio Hualde Abstract The purpose of the current thesis is to develop a better understanding of the interaction between Spanish and Quichua in the Salcedo region and provide more information for the processes that might have given rise to Media Lengua, a ‘mixed’ language comprised of a Quichua grammar and Spanish lexicon. Muysken attributes the formation of Media Lengua to relexification, ruling out any influence from other bilingual phenomena. I argue that the only characteristic that distinguishes Media Lengua from other language contact varieties in central Ecuador is the quantity of the overall Spanish borrowings and not the type of processes that might have been employed by Quichua speakers during the genesis of Media Lengua. The results from the Salcedo data that I have collected show how processes such as adlexification, code-mixing, and structural convergence produce Media Lengua-type sentences, evidence that supports an alternative analysis to Muysken’s relexification hypothesis. Overall, this dissertation is developed around four main objectives: (1) to describe the variation of Spanish loanwords within a bilingual community in Salcedo; (2) to analyze some of the prominent and recent structural changes in Quichua and Spanish; (3) to determine whether Spanish loanword use can be explained by the relationship consultants have with particular social categories; and (4) to analyze the consultants’ language ideologies toward syncretic uses of Spanish and Quichua. -
Redalyc.Railroads in Peru: How Important Were They?
Desarrollo y Sociedad ISSN: 0120-3584 [email protected] Universidad de Los Andes Colombia Zegarra, Luis Felipe Railroads in Peru: How Important Were They? Desarrollo y Sociedad, núm. 68, diciembre, 2011, pp. 213-259 Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=169122461007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista 68 213 Desarrollo y Sociedad II semestre 2011 Railroads in Peru: How Important Were They? Ferrocarriles en el Perú: ¿Qué tan importantes fueron? Luis Felipe Zegarra* Abstract This paper analyzes the evolution and main features of the railway system of Peru in the 19th and early 20th centuries. From mid-19th century railroads were considered a promise for achieving progress. Several railroads were then built in Peru, especially in 1850-75 and in 1910-30. With the construction of railroads, Peruvians saved time in travelling and carrying freight. The faster service of railroads did not necessarily come at the cost of higher passenger fares and freight rates. Fares and rates were lower for railroads than for mules, especially for long distances. However, for some routes (especially for short distances with many curves), the traditional system of llamas remained as the lowest pecuniary cost (but also slowest) mode of transportation. Key words: Transportation, railroads, Peru, Latin America. JEL classification: N70, N76, R40. * Luis Felipe Zegarra is PhD in Economics of University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). -
Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Perú Escuela De Posgrado
PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL PERÚ ESCUELA DE POSGRADO ANÁLISIS DESCRIPTIVO DE PATRONES ENTONACIONALES DE ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS ABSOLUTAS, PARCIALES Y REITERATIVAS EN EL ESPAÑOL LIMEÑO TESIS PARA OPTAR EL GRADO ACADÉMICO DE MAGÍSTER EN LINGÜÍSTICA AUTORA Michele Marie Montauban del Solar ASESOR Dr. Héctor Hugo Gabriel Velásquez Chafloque Marzo, 2019 1 Resumen Esta tesis describe y analiza los patrones entonacionales de las oraciones interrogativas de la variedad del español limeño. Entre los distintos modelos teóricos del análisis de la entonación, destaca el modelo métrico-autosegmental de Pierrehumbert, que identifica aquellos elementos cuya combinación origina los contornos melódicos de los enunciados de una lengua. Para utilizar este modelo, se emplea el sistema de transcripción fonológica ToBI de Pierrehumbert y Beckman. Su adecuación al modelo mencionado y simplicidad han permitido su adaptación a varios idiomas, incluido el español. Existen trabajos análogos para variedades del español como el de Santiago de Chile, Buenos Aires, Quito, Ciudad de México e, incluso, el español amazónico de Pucallpa, pero no se ha realizado uno similar para el limeño. El Atlas interactivo de la entonación del español ofrece algunos de los trabajos mencionados. Para comparar los enunciados obtenidos con los presentes en el Atlas, se utiliza la encuesta y la metodología propuestas en este. Se trabaja con ocho colaboradoras que leen enunciados interrogativos pertinentes a un contexto presentado, de la manera más espontánea posible. Posteriormente, la información se analiza en el programa Praat y se etiquetan los acentos tonales y los de frontera, así como las distintas pausas a partir del sistema de notación Sp_ToBI. Los resultados obtenidos proporcionan un primer acercamiento descriptivo a los patrones de entonación de las interrogativas en español limeño. -
Pscde3 - the Four Sides of the Inca Empire
CUSCO LAMBAYEQUE Email: [email protected] Av. Manco Cápac 515 – Wanchaq Ca. M. M. Izaga 740 Of. 207 - Chiclayo www.chaskiventura.com T: 51+ 84 233952 T: 51 +74 221282 PSCDE3 - THE FOUR SIDES OF THE INCA EMPIRE SUMMARY DURATION AND SEASON 15 Days/ 14 Nights LOCATION Department of Arequipa, Puno, Cusco, Raqchi community ATRACTIONS Tourism: Archaeological, Ethno tourism, Gastronomic and landscapes. ATRACTIVOS Archaeological and Historical complexes: Machu Picchu, Tipón, Pisac, Pikillaqta, Ollantaytambo, Moray, Maras, Chinchero, Saqsayhuaman, Catedral, Qoricancha, Cusco city, Inca and pre-Inca archaeological complexes, Temple of Wiracocha, Arequipa and Puno. Living culture: traditional weaving techniques and weaving in the Communities of Chinchero, Sibayo, , Raqchi, Uros Museum: in Lima, Arequipa, Cusco. Natural areas: of Titicaca, highlands, Colca canyon, local fauna and flora. TYPE OF SERVICE Private GUIDE – TOUR LEADER English, French, or Spanish. Its presence is important because it allows to incorporate your journey in the thematic offered, getting closer to the economic, institutional, and historic culture and the ecosystems of the circuit for a better understanding. RESUME This circuit offers to get closer to the Andean culture and to understand its world view, its focus, its technologies, its mixture with the Hispanic culture, and the fact that it remains present in Indigenous Communities today. In this way, by bus, small boat, plane or walking, we will visit Archaeological and Historical Complexes, Communities, Museums & Natural Environments that will enable us to know the heart of the Inca Empire - the last heir of the Andean independent culture and predecessor of the mixed world of nowadays. CUSCO LAMBAYEQUE Email: [email protected] Av. -
Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Escalera-Loreto Cordillera Perú: Instituciones Participantes/ Participating Institutions
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................no. 26 ....................................................................................................................... 26 Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Instituciones participantes/ Participating Institutions The Field Museum Nature and Culture International (NCI) Federación de Comunidades Nativas Chayahuita (FECONACHA) Organización Shawi del Yanayacu y Alto Paranapura (OSHAYAAP) Municipalidad Distrital de Balsapuerto Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Herbario Amazonense de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (AMAZ) Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Centro -
International Tropical Timber Organization
INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION ITTO SMALL PROJECT PROPOSAL TITLE GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF TARA (Caesalpinea spinosa) PLANTATIONS WITH A VIEW TO THE REHABILITATION OF WASTE LANDS IN THE SUB-HUMID TROPICS OF THE COASTAL REGION OF PERU SERIAL NUMBER PD 724/13 Rev.1 (F) COMMITTEE REFORESTATION AND FOREST MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED BY GOVERNMENT OF PERU ORIGINAL LANGUAGE SPANISH SUMMARY This small project proposal has derived from project PD 583/10 Rev.1 (F), which was implemented to assess the feasibility of restoring arid or sub-humid ecosystems in the southern coastal region of Peru and which has proven to be highly beneficial from an environmental and socioeconomic viewpoint after reforesting 75 hectares with Caesalpinea spinosa in eriaza (waste) lands that previously had no economic or environmental value. As a result of that project phase, it has been possible to develop a new flora and fauna ecosystem of considerable significance and the future outlook of nearly one million hectares in this Peruvian coastal ecosystem has been improved by contributing not only to the socioeconomic development of the region but also to carbon sequestration, increasing CO2 storage levels from 0 to an average 8-10 Mt/ha/year. This is fully consistent with the concepts and strategies of climate change mitigation and rehabilitation of degraded forest lands. This project will be implemented in the Department of Arequipa, Province of Camaná, in Southern Peru. Given its ecological, environmental and socioeconomic conditions, this region is highly significant and representative of tropical semi-arid or sub-humid areas in Peru, where social, economic and environmental alternatives need to be adjusted to the shortage of water for both irrigation and human consumption, so as to generate economic income to help improve the living standards of the rural population. -
Geosites and Geotouristic Attractions Proposed for the Project Geopark Colca and Volcanoes of Andagua, Peru
Geoheritage (2018) 10:707–729 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-018-0307-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Geosites and Geotouristic Attractions Proposed for the Project Geopark Colca and Volcanoes of Andagua, Peru Andrzej Gałaś1 & Andrzej Paulo1 & Krzysztof Gaidzik2,3 & Bilberto Zavala4 & Tomasz Kalicki5 & Danitza Churata4 & Slávka Gałaś1 & Jersey Mariño4 Received: 15 July 2016 /Accepted: 18 May 2018 /Published online: 7 June 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract The Colca Canyon (Central Andes, Southern Peru), about 100 km long and 1–3 km deep, forms a magnificent cross section of the Earth’s crust giving insight into mutual relations between lithostratigraphical units, and allowing relatively easy interpretation of the fascinating geological history written in the rocky beds and relief. Current activity of tectonic processes related to the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American Plate exposed the geological heritage within study area. Well- developed tectonic structures present high scientific values. The volcanic landforms in the Valley of the Volcanoes and around the Colca Canyon include lava flows, scoria cones and small lava domes. They represent natural phenomena which gained recognition among tourists, scientists and local people. Studies performed by the Polish Scientific Expedition to Peru since 2003 recognized in area of Colca Canyon and Valley of the Volcanoes high geodiversity, potential for geoturism but also requirements for protectection. The idea of creating geopark gained recently the approval of regional and local authorities with support from the local National Geological Survey (INGEMMET). The Geopark Colca and Volcanoes of Andagua would strengthen the relatively poor system of the protected areas in the Arequipa department, increasing the touristic attractiveness and determine constraints for sustained regional development. -
Languages of the Middle Andes in Areal-Typological Perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran
Languages of the Middle Andes in areal-typological perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran Willem F.H. Adelaar 1. Introduction1 Among the indigenous languages of the Andean region of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile and northern Argentina, Quechuan and Aymaran have traditionally occupied a dominant position. Both Quechuan and Aymaran are language families of several million speakers each. Quechuan consists of a conglomerate of geo- graphically defined varieties, traditionally referred to as Quechua “dialects”, not- withstanding the fact that mutual intelligibility is often lacking. Present-day Ayma- ran consists of two distinct languages that are not normally referred to as “dialects”. The absence of a demonstrable genetic relationship between the Quechuan and Aymaran language families, accompanied by a lack of recognizable external gen- etic connections, suggests a long period of independent development, which may hark back to a period of incipient subsistence agriculture roughly dated between 8000 and 5000 BP (Torero 2002: 123–124), long before the Andean civilization at- tained its highest stages of complexity. Quechuan and Aymaran feature a great amount of detailed structural, phono- logical and lexical similarities and thus exemplify one of the most intriguing and intense cases of language contact to be found in the entire world. Often treated as a product of long-term convergence, the similarities between the Quechuan and Ay- maran families can best be understood as the result of an intense period of social and cultural intertwinement, which must have pre-dated the stage of the proto-lan- guages and was in turn followed by a protracted process of incidental and locally confined diffusion. -
Wildpotato Collecting Expedition in Southern Peru
A Arner J of Potato Res (1999) 76:103-119 103 Wild Potato Collecting Expedition in Southern Peru (Departments of Apurimac, Arequipa, Cusco, Moquegua Puno, Tacna) in 1998: Taxonomy and New Genetic Resources David M. Spooner*\ Alberto Salas L6pez2,Z6simo Huaman2, and Robert J. Hijmans2 'United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706-1590. Tel: 608-262-0159; FAX: 608-262-4743; email: [email protected]) 'International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado 1558, La Molina, Lima 12, Peru. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Peruhas 103 taxa of wild potatoes (species, sub- Wild and cultivated tuber-bearing potatoes (Solanum species, varieties, and forms) according to Hawkes sect. Petota) are distributed from the southwestern United (1990; modified by us by a reduction of species in the States to south-central Chile. The latest comprehensive tax- Solanum brevicaule complex) and including taxa onomic treatment of potatoes (Hawkes, 1990) recogllized 216 described by C. Ochoa since 1989. Sixty-nine of these tuber-bearing species, with 101 taxa (here to include species, 103 taxa (67%) were unavailable from any ofthe world's subspecies, varieties and forms) from Peru. Ochoa (1989, genebanks and 85 of them (83%) had less than three 1992b, 1994a,b) described ten additional Peruvian taxa rais- germplasm accessions. We conducted a collaborative ing the total to 111. We lower this number to 103 with a mod- Peru(INIA), United States (NRSP-6), and International ification of species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Potato Center (CIP) wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota) Sixty-nine of these 103 species (67%) were unavailable from collecting expedition in Peru to collect germplasm and any ofthe world's genebanks and 85 of them (83%) had less gather taxonomic data. -
Dialect Differences and the Bilingual Vowel Space in Peruvian Spanish
Dialect Differences and the Bilingual Vowel Space in Peruvian Spanish Erin O’Rourke University of Pittsburgh 1. Introduction The quality of Spanish vowels is often described as being relatively stable across Spanish dialects compared to consonants. Quilis & Esgueva (1983) examined vowels in several varieties of Spanish in order to derive a composite description of Spanish vowel quality. Recent laboratory work by Morrison & Escudero (2007) further supports this view. Comparing vowels produced by male and female speakers from Madrid and Lima, significant differences in formant values were not found between the two dialects (with the exception of the second formant (F2) of the vowel /o/). However, Peninsular speakers did employ significantly longer vowel sequences than the Peruvian speakers. Shifts in vowel quality, nonetheless, are observed in a number of contexts. For example, Oliver (2007) observes word-final vowel raising of mid to high vowels (/e/>[i] and /o/>[u]) in Puerto Rican Spanish, a phenomenon also observed in Mexican and Peninsular varieties. In addition, mid vowels in hiatus are raised in diphthong formation ([e.o]>[jo]), for example in Colombian Spanish (Garrido 2007). In Andean Spanish, Delforge (2008) finds that unstressed vowels undergo devoicing as opposed to centralization. Willis (2008) also shows mid-vowel variation in Dominican Spanish, especially with atonic vowels, such that vowels /e/ and /o/ are not equidistant from /i/-/a/-/u/ in the vowel space but rather tend to overlap with the neighboring high vowels. In these examples, the vowel being altered is an unstressed vowel. In addition, Quilis (1993:170-178) describes a number of vowel-related phenomena found in different Spanish dialects, including instability in vowel quality, vowel deletion, labialization and vowel-laxing in word-final position.