Pscde3 - the Four Sides of the Inca Empire

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Pscde3 - the Four Sides of the Inca Empire CUSCO LAMBAYEQUE Email: [email protected] Av. Manco Cápac 515 – Wanchaq Ca. M. M. Izaga 740 Of. 207 - Chiclayo www.chaskiventura.com T: 51+ 84 233952 T: 51 +74 221282 PSCDE3 - THE FOUR SIDES OF THE INCA EMPIRE SUMMARY DURATION AND SEASON 15 Days/ 14 Nights LOCATION Department of Arequipa, Puno, Cusco, Raqchi community ATRACTIONS Tourism: Archaeological, Ethno tourism, Gastronomic and landscapes. ATRACTIVOS Archaeological and Historical complexes: Machu Picchu, Tipón, Pisac, Pikillaqta, Ollantaytambo, Moray, Maras, Chinchero, Saqsayhuaman, Catedral, Qoricancha, Cusco city, Inca and pre-Inca archaeological complexes, Temple of Wiracocha, Arequipa and Puno. Living culture: traditional weaving techniques and weaving in the Communities of Chinchero, Sibayo, , Raqchi, Uros Museum: in Lima, Arequipa, Cusco. Natural areas: of Titicaca, highlands, Colca canyon, local fauna and flora. TYPE OF SERVICE Private GUIDE – TOUR LEADER English, French, or Spanish. Its presence is important because it allows to incorporate your journey in the thematic offered, getting closer to the economic, institutional, and historic culture and the ecosystems of the circuit for a better understanding. RESUME This circuit offers to get closer to the Andean culture and to understand its world view, its focus, its technologies, its mixture with the Hispanic culture, and the fact that it remains present in Indigenous Communities today. In this way, by bus, small boat, plane or walking, we will visit Archaeological and Historical Complexes, Communities, Museums & Natural Environments that will enable us to know the heart of the Inca Empire - the last heir of the Andean independent culture and predecessor of the mixed world of nowadays. CUSCO LAMBAYEQUE Email: [email protected] Av. Manco Cápac 515 – Wanchaq Ca. M. M. Izaga 740 Of. 207 - Chiclayo www.chaskiventura.com T: 51+ 84 233952 T: 51 +74 221282 CONCEPT The circuit that we offer as the four sides of the Inca Empire invites you to discover the reality of the 6 oldest civilizations of humanity, with a fully endogenous and autonomous development. When the conquerors came to the country they called Peru, they found a confederation of about 200 kingdoms, brought together by the Inca people, or "ENQA" (in Quechua, they had the strength power or energy). It was built in about 170 years, and the last people were invaded by the Incas only 60 years before the Spaniards came, that´s why for many local lords, the Spanish conquest was a chance to be released from this supervision, because the nation, the Tawantinsuyo nation or Land of the Four Regions, lacked unity. This country went from Pasto (Colombia) to Mendoza (Argentina) with a road network of more than 12,000 km. Peru, Colombia, Bolivia and Ecuador are 4 of the 12 mega diverse countries in the world, and Peru is, by far, the most diverse country of all, with more than 10% of the planet's biodiversity. Crossing the South of the Inca empire, we offer you to discover the essence and history of a unique civilization, of which the Inca culture was only the last heir; as well as a mega diverse country with one of the richest seas and the driest deserts, where the sky becomes confused with the horizon, beautiful Andean valleys and the high jungle. TOUR MAP CUSCO LAMBAYEQUE Email: [email protected] Av. Manco Cápac 515 – Wanchaq Ca. M. M. Izaga 740 Of. 207 - Chiclayo www.chaskiventura.com T: 51+ 84 233952 T: 51 +74 221282 ITINERARY Day 1: ARRIVAL TO LIMA Arrival to Lima city. BEGINNING OF THE SERVICES Reception and transfer to the hotel Dinner not included. Night in your hotel in Lima Day 2: LIMA PREHISPANIC Breakfast Visit of the complex of Pachacamac: It is one of the greatest archaeological and important sites in Peru, and in his time, was the huaca (oracle) most consulted of the Andean world, leaving a deep print until today. It is a large architectural complex with many buildings that were built in different periods, from the early years of our era to the sixteenth century. As a "creator of the world" and people, plants, animals and everything in the world, Pachacamac is related with several elements of nature, like water, and other phenomena such as earthquakes, which are common in the Pacific coast of Peru. However, far from being the one who protects people from earthquakes, he was the one causing them and people had to thank him and give him offerings not to send this scourge. Lunch buffet of Peruvian Gastronomy, in the restaurant Puro Peru. The Peruvian Gastronomy is under the influence of the native and gastronomy (Spanish, French, Italian), African (western coast) and Asiatic (China, Japan). In the afternoon visit of the National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History of Peru. The National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History of Peru is the oldest state museum in our country and at the same time the headquarter of the National CUSCO LAMBAYEQUE Email: [email protected] Av. Manco Cápac 515 – Wanchaq Ca. M. M. Izaga 740 Of. 207 - Chiclayo www.chaskiventura.com T: 51+ 84 233952 T: 51 +74 221282 Museums of State. Its importance lies in the vast and varied cultural heritage that its showrooms and warehouses contain. Ceramics, textiles, metals, organic and lithic material related to human remains preserved with invaluable skills that surprise even the experts, making the legacy of our pre-Hispanic past. Objects of historical and artistic value, as well as photographic and bibliographic documentaries give an idea of the colonial and republican periods. They all make out of this a place of encounter with the history of Peru. Dinner not include, (in option, dinner show with dances) Return to your hotel Night at your hotel Day 3: LIMA – PARACAS - NAZCA Early transfer to the bus terminal Bus at 3h45 am to Paracas Arrival in Paracas at approx 8h00am Departure in boat and visit of the Ballestas Islands and Paracas chandelier, you will see sea lions, pelicans, penguins and sea birds. We will also admire the "candle", a giant figure on one side of the hill with the same style as the Nazca lines. Visit of the Paracas Reserve with clear blue waters, beaches, steep cliffs, rock formations carved by the sea and the wind is a place where water is mixed with sand dunes, this protected area includes a sea where are living species such as sea lions, penguins, dolphins and over 200 species of migratory birds including flamingos and Andean condor. CUSCO LAMBAYEQUE Email: [email protected] Av. Manco Cápac 515 – Wanchaq Ca. M. M. Izaga 740 Of. 207 - Chiclayo www.chaskiventura.com T: 51+ 84 233952 T: 51 +74 221282 Tour in the natural reserve of Paracas Lunch not included in Paracas Moments free Bus at 17h00 Paracas – Nazca Arrival in Nazca at the end of the afternoon Reception and transfer to your hotel Dinner not included Night at the hotel Observation 1: duration of the travel Paracas – Nazca – approx. 4h Observation 2: altitude of Nazca – approx 600m Day 4: NAZCA - AREQUIPA Breakfast OPTIONAL: Flight over the Lines of Nazca: Transfer to the aerodrome of Nazca and flight over the enigmatic lines of Nazca. Huge drawings which can only be seen from the sky. These drawings represent different insects and animals, such as the Monkey, Colibri, Condor, Lizard, Spider, Whale, but also the tree, the hands, the Astronaut and a number of lines which cross all the plain of Nazca. Yet we don’t known for certain how they were made. According to one theory, scientists think that the lines are a Great Astronomical Calendar representing the constellations. The pilot of the plane will give us a brief explanation. Visit of the complex of Cahuachi Cahuachi is one of the biggest complexes of pyramids and places built during the pre Hispanic period. It has a surface of 24km². It was the capital of the political and religious power of the governors of the culture of Nazca which organized the population of the valleys from Ica to Acari for the construction of huge works like Cahuachi or the well known lines of Nazca. The place chosen for Cahuachi by the antiques Nazca is strategic. They built the city on arid hills, closet the valley and cultivates areas, and the river who gives water, all year long, unusual characteristic of the rivers of the Peruvian coast. From Cahuachi - climbing to the valley of the river Nazca - it is easy to join the highest parts of CUSCO LAMBAYEQUE Email: [email protected] Av. Manco Cápac 515 – Wanchaq Ca. M. M. Izaga 740 Of. 207 - Chiclayo www.chaskiventura.com T: 51+ 84 233952 T: 51 +74 221282 the Andes, in the department of Ayacucho. There, they could provide themselves of abundant alpaca and vicuna wool that they used to make the prodigious and wove fine textiles, gaining everybody’s admiration, including ours today. The pyramids of Cahuachi were built one close to the other leant on small hills following the bank of the valley and the desert. In total, the constructions are scattered within an area of 24km2. In all the valley of Nazca, Cahuachi is the only known example of monumental architecture for the period in which they were used: 200 BC. to 450 AC. Broadly, the architectural planning of the pyramids is an overlapping platform base (pyramid) that serves as support for places, courtyards, corridors, stairways, ramps and rooms, guiding visitors on a route that goes from the outside to the inside, from the bottom to the top and from the public (open) to the private (restricted). Lunch Visit of the Aquaducts of Cantalloc About 2000 years ago, the people of Nazca developed a system of underground aqueducts to irrigate the dry parts of the valley that had no surface water.
Recommended publications
  • Annual Report
    STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND INCREASING RESILIENCE IN COMMUNITIES OF CAYLLOMA, AREQUIPA. ANNUAL REPORT OCTOBER 2018 – SEPTEMBER 2019 GENERAL PROJECT INFORMATION STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES FOR DISASTER RISK Project Title REDUCTION AND INCREASING RESILIENCE IN COMMUNITIES OF CAYLLOMA, AREQUIPA. Award number 72OFDA18GR00319 Registration number REQ-OFDA-18-000751 Start date October 01, 2018 Duration 15 months Country / region: Peru / department of Arequipa, province of Caylloma. Reported period: April 2019 – September 2019 Date of report: October 23, 2019. Adventist Development and Relief Agency International - ADRA INTERNATIONAL Report for: Debra Olson, Program Manager, Program Implementation Unit. Nestor Mogollon, Director of Monitoring and Evaluation. Adventist Development and Relief Agency Perú – ADRA Perú Víctor Huamán, project manager. Report by: cell phone: 51 - 997 555 483 - email: [email protected] Erick Quispe, local coordinator. cell phone: 51 - 966 315 430 - email: [email protected] REPORTE ANUAL: OCTUBRE 2018 – SETIEMBRE 2019 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since 2016 the Sabancaya volcano has registered permanent eruptive activity with emissions of gases, ashes and earthquakes, which together with other natural phenomena such as frosts, intense rains and landslides, interrupt local development and affect thousands of people in the province of Caylloma. For this reason, the project aims to integrate disaster risk reduction into institutional management tools of local governments in the Province of Caylloma, with the participation of the population and collaboration at the regional and national levels. The project called "Allichakusun ante desastres" (“Prepared for disasters”) is implemented in two sectors and the reached for the length of award is: (1) agriculture and food security with 545 beneficiaries, and (2) disaster risk reduction policy and practices with 10,014 beneficiaries sensitized, 392 beneficiaries trained, and 339 beneficiaries (54 belong to the community) involved in the development of contingency plans and others.
    [Show full text]
  • Aplicación De La Ley N.º 28440: Sistema Electoral Y Participación Ciudadana De Centros Poblados, Arequipa, 2016
    UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE SANTA MARÍA ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO MAESTRÍA EN DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL APLICACIÓN DE LA LEY N.º 28440: SISTEMA ELECTORAL Y PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA DE CENTROS POBLADOS, AREQUIPA, 2016 Tesis presentada por la Bachiller MARÍA DEL CARMEN PAZ BARREDA Para optar por el Grado Académico de MAESTRO EN DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL Asesor DR. EDUARDO JESÚS MEZA FLORES Arequipa-Perú 2017 A mi hijo, Imanol y mi familia, por su apoyo y comprensión. 2 La democracia lleva al más bello nombre que existe “igualdad” Herodoto Para nosotros, la democracia es una cuestión de dignidad humana. Y la dignidad humana es la libertad política. Sven Olaf Palme 3 ÍNDICE GENERAL RESUMEN 9 ABSTRACT 10 INTRODUCCIÓN 11 CAPÍTULO I: SISTEMA ELECTORAL Y DERECHO DE PARTICIPACIÓN 13 CIUDADANA 1. SISTEMA ELECTORAL 14 A. ANTECEDENTES 14 B. CONCEPTO 15 C. SISTEMA ELECTORAL DE LAS ELECCIONES MUNICIPALES 22 D. PRINCIPIOS 23 E. ORGANISMOS ELECTORALES 26 F. CRÍTICAS AL SISTEMA ELECTORAL ACTUAL 36 G. PROCESO ELECTORAL 38 H. PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS ORGANISMOS ELECTORALES 48 I. GARANTÍAS ELECTORALES 49 J. LEGISLACIÓN COMPARADA 51 2. DERECHO DE PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA 53 A. DERECHO FUNDAMENTAL A LA PARTICIPACIÓN POLÍTICA 58 B. DERECHO AL VOTO 62 C. DERECHO A ELEGIR O SER ELEGIDO 65 DERECHO A PERTENECER O REPRESENTAR A UNA ORGANIZACIÓN D. 66 POLÍTICA CAPÍTULO II: LEY N.º 28440, LEY DE ELECCIÓN DE AUTORIDADES MUNICIPALES DE CENTROS POBLADOS 69 1. LAS MUNICIPALIDADES 70 A. AUTONOMÍA MUNICIPAL 71 2. IMPORTANCIA DE LOS CENTROS POBLADOS EN EL PERÚ 75 3. ANÁLISIS DE LA LEY N.º 28440 80 A. ACTORES 81 B. DISEÑO DEL PROCESO 85 C.
    [Show full text]
  • Machu Picchu & the Sacred Valley
    Machu Picchu & The Sacred Valley — Lima, Cusco, Machu Picchu, Sacred Valley of the Incas — TOUR DETAILS Machu Picchu & Highlights The Sacred Valley • Machu Picchu • Sacred Valley of the Incas • Price: $1,995 USD • Vistadome Train Ride, Andes Mountains • Discounts: • Ollantaytambo • 5% - Returning Volant Customer • Saqsaywaman • Duration: 9 days • Tambomachay • Date: Feb. 19-27, 2018 • Ruins of Moray • Difficulty: Easy • Urumbamba River • Aguas Calientes • Temple of the Sun and Qorikancha Inclusions • Cusco, 16th century Spanish Culture • All internal flights (while on tour) • Lima, Historic Old Town • All scheduled accommodations (2-3 star) • All scheduled meals Exclusions • Transportation throughout tour • International airfare (to and from Lima, Peru) • Airport transfers • Entrance fees to museums and other attractions • Machu Picchu entrance fee not listed in inclusions • Vistadome Train Ride, Peru Rail • Personal items: Laundry, shopping, etc. • Personal guide ITINERARY Machu Picchu & The Sacred Valley - 9 Days / 8 Nights Itinerary - DAY ACTIVITY LOCATION - MEALS Lima, Peru • Arrive: Jorge Chavez International Airport (LIM), Lima, Peru 1 • Transfer to hotel • Miraflores and Pacific coast Dinner Lima, Peru • Tour Lima’s Historic District 2 • San Francisco Monastery & Catacombs, Plaza Mayor, Lima Cathedral, Government Palace Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner Ollyantaytambo, Sacred Valley • Morning flight to Cusco, The Sacred Valley of the Incas 3 • Inca ruins: Saqsaywaman, Rodadero, Puca Pucara, Tambomachay, Pisac • Overnight: Ollantaytambo, Sacred
    [Show full text]
  • A Multi-Disciplinary Overview of Chagas in Periurban Peru
    Journal of International and Global Studies Volume 1 Number 2 Article 1 4-1-2010 A Multi-disciplinary Overview of Chagas in Periurban Peru Sarah McCune Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (AB PRISMA), Lima, Peru Angela M. Bayer Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Gabrielle C. Hunter Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Natalie M. Bowman Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Juan G. Cornejo del Carpio Dirección Regional del Ministerio de Salud, Arequipa, Peru See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lindenwood.edu/jigs Part of the Anthropology Commons, Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation McCune, Sarah; Bayer, Angela M.; Hunter, Gabrielle C.; Bowman, Natalie M.; Cornejo del Carpio, Juan G.; Naquira, Cesar; Gilman, Robert H.; Bern, Caryn; and Levy, Michael Z. (2010) "A Multi-disciplinary Overview of Chagas in Periurban Peru," Journal of International and Global Studies: Vol. 1 : No. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.lindenwood.edu/jigs/vol1/iss2/1 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Digital Commons@Lindenwood University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of International and Global Studies by an authorized editor of Digital Commons@Lindenwood University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Multi-disciplinary Overview of Chagas in Periurban Peru Authors Sarah McCune, Angela M.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring How Things Take Shape Research Notes on Ethnography, Empirical Sensibility and the Baroque State
    Exploring How Things Take Shape Research Notes on Ethnography, Empirical Sensibility and the Baroque State. Penny Harvey - University of Manchester The Historical Baroque in Contemporary Peru - Illusion and Enthrallment The main square of Cusco was unusually busy and more unusual still the huge doors of the Cathedral were open, people pouring out from what must have been an important mass. Taking advantage of a rare opportunity to visit this building outside of the normal restrictions imposed by the tourist trade, I ducked in through a side entrance just as the main doors were slammed shut again. It was years since I‟d been inside and I‟d forgotten the sheer scale and intricacy of the space. The Cathedral over-awes as intended. Throughout the Continent these huge, ambitious spaces were of central importance in marking Spanish presence, in imposing Catholicism, in erasing the presence and influence of previous Gods and divine rulers, and paradoxically in offering people some kind of solace. This Cathedral was no exception. To build it the Spanish had destroyed an Inka palace/ceremonial site which nevertheless provided the foundations for the new building. They also brought stone from the fortress of Sacsayhuaman subjugating the very fabric of the Inka imperial capital in its public conversion to Catholicism. Construction had begun in 1560 but was not completed until 1664. The building itself presents the non-coherence of architectural style that is characteristic of many of these mega projects that took over a century to be finalised. In this case the Renaissance facade constrasts with the interior, funished over a century later, by then exemplifying the colonial Baroque with its intricate gold and silver altars, carved stone work and the world famous collection of paintings of what became known as the Cusco school.
    [Show full text]
  • Qhapaq Ñan (Chemin Principal Andin) Au Qollasuyu Paysage, Morphologie Et Patrimoine Linéaire 2 Remerciements
    ANNÉE ACADÉMIQUE 2011-2012 DENIS PIRON FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES APPLIQUÉES TRAVAIL DE FIN D’ÉTUDES RÉALISÉ EN VUE DE L’OBTENTION DU GRADE DE MASTER INGÉNIEUR CIVIL EN ARCHITECTURE UNIVERSITÉ DE LIÈGE QHAPAQ ÑAN (CHEMIN PRINCIPAL ANDIN) AU QOLLASUYU PAYSAGE, MORPHOLOGIE ET PATRIMOINE LINÉAIRE 2 REMERCIEMENTS La réalisation de ce travail, qui s’inscrit dans le cadre de la coopération au développement, a nécessité un voyage de trois mois dans la région de Cusco, au Pérou. Le voyage réalisé dans le cadre du présent travail a été rendu possible grâce à l’intervention financière du Conseil interuniversitaire de la Communauté française de Belgique - Commission universitaire pour le Développement - Rue de Namur, 72-74, 1000 Bruxelles - www.cud.be. Je remercie tout d’abord mon promoteur, monsieur Jacques Teller, pour m’avoir proposé un sujet si original et passionnant, pour m’avoir permis d’aller m’ouvrir l’esprit dans un pays aussi magnifique que dépaysant. Je suis également reconnaissant envers les autres membres de mon jury, messieurs Pierre Paquet, Jean-Claude Cornesse et Jean Stillemans qui ont bien voulu s’intéresser à mon travail. Je remercie aussi Marta Vilela Malpartida pour son accueil à Lima ; Sonia Martina Herrera Delgado pour le support qu’elle m’a apporté à Cusco ; tout particulièrement le South American Explorer’s Club grâce à qui j’ai pu loger et nouer des contacts à Cusco ; Elisabeth Schumaker, Elise Neola May, Paolo Greer ; sans oublier les péruviens de Cusco et des campagnes pour leur gentillesse et leur sociabilité. Merci à ma famille pour m’avoir toujours encouragé à me lancer dans les projets les plus fous, et particulièrement ma soeur Julie qui m’a apporté de ses compétences géographiques, ainsi que ma grand-mère pour m’avoir relu et conseillé dans la rédaction.
    [Show full text]
  • New Age Tourism and Evangelicalism in the 'Last
    NEGOTIATING EVANGELICALISM AND NEW AGE TOURISM THROUGH QUECHUA ONTOLOGIES IN CUZCO, PERU by Guillermo Salas Carreño A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor Bruce Mannheim, Chair Professor Judith T. Irvine Professor Paul C. Johnson Professor Webb Keane Professor Marisol de la Cadena, University of California Davis © Guillermo Salas Carreño All rights reserved 2012 To Stéphanie ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was able to arrive to its final shape thanks to the support of many throughout its development. First of all I would like to thank the people of the community of Hapu (Paucartambo, Cuzco) who allowed me to stay at their community, participate in their daily life and in their festivities. Many thanks also to those who showed notable patience as well as engagement with a visitor who asked strange and absurd questions in a far from perfect Quechua. Because of the University of Michigan’s Institutional Review Board’s regulations I find myself unable to fully disclose their names. Given their public position of authority that allows me to mention them directly, I deeply thank the directive board of the community through its then president Francisco Apasa and the vice president José Machacca. Beyond the authorities, I particularly want to thank my compadres don Luis and doña Martina, Fabian and Viviana, José and María, Tomas and Florencia, and Francisco and Epifania for the many hours spent in their homes and their fields, sharing their food and daily tasks, and for their kindness in guiding me in Hapu, allowing me to participate in their daily life and answering my many questions.
    [Show full text]
  • Shaman Mystic Retreat Peru Machu Picchu, Rainbow Mountains, Lake Titicaca, Colca Canyon, Sacred Valley 15-Day Trip
    Shaman Mystic Retreat Peru Machu Picchu, Rainbow Mountains, Lake Titicaca, Colca Canyon, Sacred Valley 15-day trip Arranged by Manuel Usca (Peru) and Michael W. Berg (Denmark) Tour description Day one 19/08/2019/08/20:: Lima to Cusco Reception and transfer to hotel With a warm welcome at the airport you will be transferred to the hotel in Cusco. Cusco, the center of the universe, navel of the world and city of the Puma. It is recommended to rest at least two hours before doing any activity. To assist with any altitude sensitivities, the rest of the day is free to connect with the ancestral energy of Cusco. Early in the evening there will be a group meeting, to talk about the great awakening of our spiritual consciousness planned for this trip. Hotel: Hotel Ruinas or Midori Day two 202020/08/2020 /08/20/08/20:: Cusco, Spiritual Integration ceremony, Temple of TTThunderThunder & Cusco HalHalff day activity After breakfast at the hotel. Our bus drives us to the great temple of Amaru Machay – Temple of Life, Temple of the Serpent. We will be met with by Andean Priest to receiving a spiritual teaching, activation ceremony then a short walk will take us to Sacsayhuaman–Temple of Lightning. We will discover the historical and spiritual significance of this beautiful site, participating in a ceremony for the activation of the water, earth and sun. Our journey begins with the forgiveness, Love and Peace, participating in a meditation to connect us deeply. After experiencing a connection to our wisdom at these sites, we will walk back into Cusco along Ancestral spiritual roads enjoying breath taking views over Cusco.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Railroads in Peru: How Important Were They?
    Desarrollo y Sociedad ISSN: 0120-3584 [email protected] Universidad de Los Andes Colombia Zegarra, Luis Felipe Railroads in Peru: How Important Were They? Desarrollo y Sociedad, núm. 68, diciembre, 2011, pp. 213-259 Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=169122461007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista 68 213 Desarrollo y Sociedad II semestre 2011 Railroads in Peru: How Important Were They? Ferrocarriles en el Perú: ¿Qué tan importantes fueron? Luis Felipe Zegarra* Abstract This paper analyzes the evolution and main features of the railway system of Peru in the 19th and early 20th centuries. From mid-19th century railroads were considered a promise for achieving progress. Several railroads were then built in Peru, especially in 1850-75 and in 1910-30. With the construction of railroads, Peruvians saved time in travelling and carrying freight. The faster service of railroads did not necessarily come at the cost of higher passenger fares and freight rates. Fares and rates were lower for railroads than for mules, especially for long distances. However, for some routes (especially for short distances with many curves), the traditional system of llamas remained as the lowest pecuniary cost (but also slowest) mode of transportation. Key words: Transportation, railroads, Peru, Latin America. JEL classification: N70, N76, R40. * Luis Felipe Zegarra is PhD in Economics of University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA).
    [Show full text]
  • UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR ANT 3164-7927/ANG 5164-06DA LIMITED ENROLLMENT Spring 2015 by Instructor’S Permission
    1 UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR ANT 3164-7927/ANG 5164-06DA LIMITED ENROLLMENT Spring 2015 By Instructor’s Permission Prof. Michael Moseley Thursday Periods 6-8 Turlington B352 (12:50 - 3:55 pm) [email protected] Turlington (TUR) Room 1208 Course website: http://lss.at.ufl.edu THE INCA AND THEIR ANCESTORS: ADAPTATIONS IN ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA Drawing from ethnological, historical, and archaeological sources, this seminar explores human adjustments to extreme ecological conditions. Embracing the towering Andean Mountains, the parched Atacama Desert, and the Amazon jungle fringes, the Inca Imperium was the largest empire of antiquity ever to arise south of the equator or in the Western Hemisphere. It synthesized unique adaptations to acute environmental conditions that had precedents in earlier societies and states of the Cordillera. Many of these adjustments continue to sustain the hemisphere’s largest Native American populations. Consequently, ethnographies and ethnohistories of indigenous people capture fascinating cultural institutions that shaped the archaeological past. The seminar will explore both the successes of Andean people and the failures of human development induced by natural disasters. CLASS STRUCTURE In addition to opening presentations, weekly classes will have student commentary and discussion of assigned readings. There will be oral assessments of how the readings articulate with seminar topics. Drawing upon the readings, each participant will bring to class a ~2 page short synopsis of questions and issues for discussion. The weekly briefs are important because they will guide the seminar’s considerations. They will be graded as will oral participation. Attendance is required. WEEKLY READINGS Seminar participants will be assigned weekly reading that form core discussion issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate, Agricultural Strategies, and Sustainability in the Precolumbian Andes Charles Ortloff [email protected]
    Andean Past Volume 9 Article 15 11-1-2009 Climate, Agricultural Strategies, and Sustainability in the Precolumbian Andes Charles Ortloff [email protected] Michael E. Moseley University of Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/andean_past Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Natural Resource Economics Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Sustainability Commons, and the Water Resource Management Commons Recommended Citation Ortloff, Charles and Moseley, Michael E. (2009) "Climate, Agricultural Strategies, and Sustainability in the Precolumbian Andes," Andean Past: Vol. 9 , Article 15. Available at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/andean_past/vol9/iss1/15 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Andean Past by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLIMATE, AGRICULTURAL STATEGIES, AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRECOLUMBIAN ANDES CHARLES R. ORTLOFF University of Chicago and MICHAEL E. MOSELEY University of Florida INTRODUCTION allowed each society to design and manage complex water supply networks and to adapt Throughout ancient South America, mil- them as climate changed. While shifts to marine lions of hectares of abandoned farmland attest resources, pastoralism, and trade may have that much more terrain was cultivated in mitigated declines in agricultural production, precolumbian times than at present. For Peru damage to the sustainability of the main agricul- alone, the millions of hectares of abandoned tural system often led to societal changes and/or agricultural land show that in some regions 30 additional modifications to those systems.
    [Show full text]
  • A Taste of Peru November 8 – 16, 2008
    The University of Scranton Alumni Society Presents A Taste of Peru November 8 – 16, 2008 Urubamba to the "Lost City of the Incas," Machu Picchu. Perched 8,200 PERU... Home to one of the earliest and most advanced civilizations in the feet above the valley, it was hidden by mountains and semi­tropical Western Hemisphere... Under the rule of powerful kings, an incredible jungles for 400 years until discovered by Hiram Bingham of Yale people known as the Incas amassed an empire that built systems of winding University in 1911. Archaeologists believe that the Inca "Virgins of the mountain roads, remarkable cities, and an unforgettable legacy. One is still Sun" took refuge from the Spanish Conquistadors here. Guided tour of mystified today by their amazing accomplishments, as can be seen at the the ruins upon arrival. Lunch is at the Orient Express’ Sanctuary Lodge hidden and fascinating Machu Picchu... located just a few steps from the Inca citadel. Return to the hotel in Aguas Calientes. (Meals: B­L) Join us in this exciting and fun travel experience, and take a trip back in time and Day 4 ­Machu Picchu to Cusco explore the roots of an ancient civilization that left behind some of the most interesting and Second day in Machu Picchu. Take the bus from Aguas Calientes to awe­inspiring constructions in the world... Machu Picchu for some time and discoveries of magnificent ruins on your own or to hike Don’t miss this once in a lifetime the steep stone­paved trail of Huayna opportunity. Picchu, the pyramid­shape mountain above Machu Picchu for a breathtaking view of the Your deposit is due by January 31, 2008 site, or stroll to the Inca Bridge a secret entrance used by the Inca's army or walk $2,699 per person double toward the Inca Trail to find the historic $2,599 per person triple Intipunku or Sun Gate.
    [Show full text]