Keynote: Exploring the Depths

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EXPLORING THE DEPTHS EXPLORING THE DEPTHS • Exploration on the ocean’s surface soon paved way for exploration below the surface EXPLORING THE DEPTHS • Early Exploration • Glass was developed and crude face masks allowing one to see under water (2500 BC) • Persian divers would recover treasures from their own ships after being sunk (400 BC) EXPLORING THE DEPTHS • Early Exploration (continued) • Edward Haley developed the diving chamber which held larger amounts of air in a reserve barrel (1700s) Halley’s Diving Bell EXPLORING THE DEPTHS • Early Exploration • The diving suit, which was made of watertight canvas and a heavy metal helmet, had an air supply that was pumped from the surface through a tube to supply oxygen (1850 - 1950) The Diving Suit EXPLORING THE DEPTHS • Modern Exploration (continued) • Bathysphere was developed by William Beebe and consisted of a steel hulled chamber attached to a ship by a steel cable Beebe’s Bathysphere Beebe’s Bathysphere EXPLORING THE DEPTHS • Modern Exploration (continued) • Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) was invented by Jacques Cousteau and allowed for dives of up to 150 meters (1943) SCUBA EXPLORING THE DEPTHS • Modern Exploration (continued) • Alvin is an untethered and manned submersible that was developed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute • Alvin was used to ﬁnd the Titanic and is still being used to explore the ocean bottom Alvin EXPLORING THE DEPTHS • Modern Exploration (continued) • Remote operated vehicle (ROV) are used to explore deep ocean depths that are unsafe for humans • Jason was used to enter and explore Titanic’s interior and discover new forms of life near the Galapagos Islands EXPLORING THE DEPTHS • Modern Exploration (continued) • Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are unmanned and untethered that are sent out for months to gather data Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) EXPLORING THE DEPTHS • Modern Exploration (continued) • The Jim Suit is used in dives of up to 600 meters to extended the working range of undersea exploration and work • Constructed of carbon ﬁber and reinforced plastic Jim Suit Robert Ballard.

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