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Ffective Water Management and Water Harvesting in Support of Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change Jeanny Wang Miles – Water Budget Estimation Report

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Ffective Water Management and Water Harvesting in Support of Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change Jeanny Wang Miles – Water Budget Estimation Report IRAS Laos Project Effective Water Management and Water Harvesting in support of Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change Jeanny Wang Miles – Water Budget Estimation Report ສາທາລະນະລດັ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊນົ ລາວ ອງົ ການສະຫະປະຊາຊາດເພ� ອການພດັ ທະນາ Lao People's Democratic Republic United Nations Development Programme Government of Lao People’s Democratic Republic Executing Entity/Implementing Partner: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, MAF Vientiane, Lao PDR Implementing Entity/Responsible Partner: National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, NAFRI United Nations Development Programme Report 1 : Water Budget Estimation for Agricultural Communities in Laos Project ID:00076176 / ATLAS Award ID 60492 Improving the Resilience of the Agriculture Sector in Lao PDR to Climate Change Impacts (IRAS Lao Project) Project Contact : Mr. Khamphone Mounlamai, Project Manager Email Address : [email protected] i IRAS Laos Project Effective Water Management and Water Harvesting in support of Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change Jeanny Wang Miles – Water Budget Estimation Report Effective water management and water harvesting in support to agriculture adaptation to climate change (AA2CC) Prepared by -Jeanny Wang Miles March 3, 2013 ii IRAS Laos Project Effective Water Management and Water Harvesting in support of Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change Jeanny Wang Miles – Water Budget Estimation Report Table of Contents Executive Summary – English ......................................................................................................... vi Executive Summary – Lao ............................................................................................................. viii I. Introduction: ........................................................................................................................... 2 II. Selected Target Areas and Issues Related to Water Access and Availability ......................... 3 III. Methods and Analysis: ............................................................................................................ 4 A. Terrain and Hydrological Network Analysis ......................................................................... 5 B. Water Availability Estimation .............................................................................................. 6 C. Consideration of Other Methods for Calculating Evapotranspiration ................................ 9 D. Additional Analysis and Applications ............................................................................. 10 IV. Water Availability for Target Provinces ................................................................................ 11 A. Comparison of GIS derived precipitation grids with weather station data ....................... 12 B. Estimating water needs for agriculture ............................................................................. 15 V. Economic Parameters and Considerations ........................................................................... 16 VI. Strengthening IWRM Objectives and Spatial Planning Capability ........................................ 17 VII. Conclusions and Recommendations for Communities and GoL Agencies ........................ 18 List of Table Table 1 Primary Data Sources Used to Estimate Water Availablity ............................................... 4 Table 2 Savannakhet Monthly Precipitation 1971-2011 and 1950-2000 (in mm) ...................... 13 Table 3: Xayabouri Monthly Average Precipitation 1971-2011 and 1950-2000 (in mm) ........... 14 Table 4: Estimates of Water Requirement for Rice Production .................................................. 15 Table 5: Production Yield in 2011-2012 (Savannakhet PAFO Cropping Section) ......................... 16 List of Figures Figure 1: GIS Generated Catchments & Drainage .......................................................................... 5 Figure 2: Catchments & Target Areas ............................................................................................. 5 Figure 3: Delineated Watershed in Paklai....................................................................................... 6 Figure 4: Delineated Sub watershed in Paklai ................................................................................ 6 Figure 5 : Monthly Water Availability from P – ET ......................................................................... 7 Figure 6: ET Model Builder Schema ................................................................................................ 8 Figure 7 : Precipitation for Parklai-Phiang districts ........................................................................ 8 Figure 8: August Evaporation Estimates ......................................................................................... 8 Figure 9: August Water Availability Estimates ................................................................................ 8 Figure 10: Available Water (Q) / Population = Water Supply Index (WSI) .................................. 10 iii IRAS Laos Project Effective Water Management and Water Harvesting in support of Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change Jeanny Wang Miles – Water Budget Estimation Report Figure 11: Water Supply Index in August derived from Water Availability and Population ....... 11 Figure 12: Xayabouri Target Catchments..................................................................................... 12 Figure 13: Savannakhet Target Precipitation Areas ..................................................................... 12 Figure 14: Isohyetal (Rainfall) Map of Laos .................................................................................. 13 Figure 15: Savannakhet Precipitation .......................................................................................... 14 Figure 16: Xayabouri Precipitation .............................................................................................. 14 iv IRAS Laos Project Effective Water Management and Water Harvesting in support of Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change Jeanny Wang Miles – Water Budget Estimation Report of Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change Jeanny Wang Miles – Water Budget Estimation Report Acronyms AWI Agricultural Water Index ArcGIS Geographic Information System system software licensed by ESRI CCA Climate Change Adaptation CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CIESEN Center for International Earth Science Information Network DEM Digital Elevation Model DIVA-GIS DIVA-GIS website that provides country specific data (http://www.diva-gis.org/gdata) DoA Department of Agriculture (of MAF) DoI Department of Irrigation DoP Department of Planning (of MAF) ESRI Company that licenses ArcInfo, ArcMap etc. GIS software based in Redland, California ET Evapotranspiration (the water used by plants in the landscape) FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GEF Global Environment Facility GIS Geographic Information System GoL Government of Laos GPS Geographic Positioning System (device used to digitally record location and elevation) GADM Global Administrative Area database IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IRAS Improving the Resilience of Agriculture Sector to Climate Change Project IRRI International Rice Research Institute IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IWMI International Water Management Institute IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MRC Mekong River Commission NAFES National Agriculture and Forestry Extension Services (now replaced by DAEC) NAFRI National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute NGO Non-Governmental Organization NRM Natural Resources Management PAFO Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (satellite that obtains high resolution global elevation) TIN Triangulated information network (digital map of a surface) UNDP United Nations Development Program UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services v IRAS Laos Project Effective Water Management and Water Harvesting in support of Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change Jeanny Wang Miles – Water Budget Estimation Report Water Budget Estimation for Agricultural Communities in Laos Executive Summary – English Enhancement of water management opportunities will increase the resilience and adaptive capacity of agricultural communities to climate change, and help achieve Lao National Socio- Economic Development Plan’s goals. The mission on “Effective Water Management and Water Harvesting for Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change” was mobilized by the IRAS project in order to assess opportunities for strengthened water management and water harvesting for target districts and provinces in Lao PDR and recommend measures to prepare for the uncertainties in water availability caused by Climate Change. This is the first of three reports which together provide climate change adaptation analyses and recommendations for government policy and community level technical implementation guidelines in the target districts of Xayaboury and Savannakhet Provinces. This first report (“Water Budget Estimation for Agricultural Communities in Laos”) presents a technical geospatial methodology for estimating water availability in the target areas using globally available climate data that was developed in the months prior to the start of the field Mission. This approach was presented to the project team and
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