Dhananjayarao Gadgil' Library

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THE

LIBERATION OF

BY THE COUNTESS EVELYN MARTINENGO CESARESCO

AUTHOR OF ; ITALIAN CHAR,,"CTERS IN THE EPOCH OF UNIFICATION' (Patri'otti ltaiialu,), ETC.

WITH PORTRAITS

LONDON SEELEY AND CO. LIMITED ESSEX STREET, STRAND I895 I j j j j j j j j V5L : 5 l. /'11? j j C~ j j 1F1[?__ j j j j j j j j j j j PREFACE

THE old figure.of speech C in the fulness of time' embodies a truth too often forgotten. History knows nothing of spontaneous generation; the chain of cause and effect is unbroken, and how­ ever modest be the scale on which an historical work is cast, the reader has a right to ask that it should give him some idea, not only of what happened, but of why it happened. A catalogue of dates and names is as meaningless as the photo­ graph' of a crowd. In the following retrospect, I have attempted to trace the principal factors that worked towards Italian unity. The Liberation of Italy is a cycle waiting to be turned into an epic. iii IV Preface

In other words, it presents the appearance of a series of detached episodes, but the parts have an intimate connection with the whole, which, as time wears on, will constantly emerge into plainer light. Every year brings with it the issue of documents, letters, memoirs, that help to unravel the tangled threads in which this subject has been enveloped, and which have made it less generally understood than the two other great struggles of the century, the American fight for the Union, and the unifica­ tion of Germany. I cannot too strongly state my indebtedness to the voluminous literature which has grown up in I taly round the Risorgimento since its completion; yet it must not be supposed that the witness of contemporaries published from hour to hour, in every European tongue, while the events were going on, has become or will ever become value­ less. I have had access to a collection of these older writings, formed with much care between the years 1850-1870, and some authorities that were wanting, I found in the library of Sir James Hudson, given by him to Count Giuseppe Mar- Preface v tinengo Cesaresco after he left the Br~h ~~l,Q.r at Turin. There are, of course, many books in which the affairs of Italy figure only incidentally, which ought to be consulted by anyone who wishes to study the inner working of the Italian movement. Of such are Lord Castlereagh's Despatches and Cor­ respondence, and the autobiographies of Prince Metternich and Count Beust. Perhaps I have been helped in describing the events clearly, by the fact that I am familiar with almost all the places where they occurred, from the heights of Calatafimi to the unhappy rock of Lissa. Wherever the language of the Si sounds, we tread upon the history of the Revolution that achieved what a great English orator once called, 'the noblest work ever undertaken by man.' The supreme interest of the re-casting of Italy arises from the new spectacle of a nation made one not by conquest but by consent. Above and beyond the other causes that contributed to the conclusion must always be reckoned the gathering VI Preface

of an emotional wave, only comparable to the phenomena displayed by the medio:eval religious revivals. Sentiment, it is said, is what makes the real historical miracles. A writer on Italian Liberation would be indeed misleading who failed to take account of the passionate longing which stirred and swayed even the most outwardly cold of those who took part in it, and nerved an en­ tire people to heroic effort.

Sa/~, Lago di Garda. CON TEN TS

CHAPTER I RESURGAM

Italy from the Battle,of Lodi to the Congress of Vienna, . page I

CHAPTER II THE WORK OF THE CARBONARI Revolutions in the Kingdom of and in Piedmont-The Conspiracy against Charles Albert, . 2I

CHAPTER III PRISON AND SCAFFOLD Political Trials in Venetia and Lombardy-Risings in the South and Centre -Ciro Menotti, . 40

CHAPTER IV YOUNG ITALY Accession of Charles Albert-Mazzini's Unitarian Propaganda-The Brothers Bandiera, S6

CHAPTER V THE' POPE LIBERATOR Events leading to the Election of Pius IX.-The Petty Princes-Charles Albert, Leopold and Ferdinand, 7I VlIl Contents

CHAPTER VI THE YEAR OF REVOLUTION Insurrection in Sicily-The Austrians expelled from Milan and Venice­ Charles Albert takes the Field-Withdrawal of the Pope and King of Naples-Piedmont defeated-The Retreat, ' page 91

CHAPTER VII THE DOWNFALL OF THRONES Garibaldi arrives--Venice under Manin-The Dis.olution of the Temporal Power-Republics at Rome and Florence, 120

CHAPTER VIII AT BAY Novara--Abdication of Charle5 Albert-Brescia crushed -French Interven, tion-The Fall of Rome-The Fall of Venice, ' 137

CHAPTER IX • j'ATTENDS MON ASTRE' The -A King who Keeps his Word-Sufferings of the Lom, bards-Charles Albert's death, ' 165

CHAPTER X THE REVIVAL OF PEIDMONT Restoration of the Pope and Grand-Duke of Tuscany-Misrule at Naples- The Struggle with the Church in Piedmont-The Crimean War, 183

CHAPTER XI PREMONITIONS OF THE STORM Pisacane', Laoding- Orsini's Attempt-The Compact of Plombieres- Cavour'. Triumph, 208 Contents ix

CHAPTER XII THE WAR FOR LOMBARDY Austria declares War - Montebello - Garibaldi's Campaign - Palestro­ Magenta-The Allies enter Milan-Ricasoli saves Italian Unity--'-Acc.es· sion of Francis IL-Solferino-The Armistice of Villafranca, page 227

CHAPTER XIII WHAT UNITY COST Napoleon III. and Cavour-The Cession of Savoy and Nice-Annexations in Central Italy, . . 251

,C HAP T E R X I V THE MARCH OF THE THOUSAND Origin of the Expedition-Garibaldi at Marsala-Calatafimi-The Taking of Palermo-Milazzo-The Bourbons evacuate Sicily, . 266

CHAPTER XV THE MEETING OF THE WATERS Garibaldi's March on Naples-The Piedmontese in Umbria and the Marches -The Volturno. Victor Emmanuel enters Naples, 298

CHAPTER XVI BEGINNINGS OF THE ITALIAN KINGDOM The Fall of Gaeta-Political -The Proclamation of the Italian Kingdom-Cavour's Death, 326

CHAPTER XVII 'ROME OR DEATH!' Cavour's Successors-Aspromonte-The September Convention-Garibaldi's Visit to England,. 340 x COlltents

CHAPTER XVIII THE WAR FOR VENICE The Prussian Alliance-Custoza-Lissa-The Volunteers-Acquisition of Venetia, . page 356

CHAPTER XIX THE LAST CRUSADE The French leave Rome-Garibaldi's Arrest and Escape-The Second French Intervention-Monte Rotondo-Mentana, 381

CHAPTER XX ROME THE CAPITAL M. Rouher's • Never! '-Papal Infallibility--Sedan-The Breach in Porta Pia-The King of Italy in Rome, 397 LIST OF ILLUSTR'A TIONS

PAGE , Frontispiece

GIUSEPPE MAZZINI, 60

KING VICTOR EMMANUEL, 166

COUNT CAVOUR, • INDEX

ALBRECHT, Archduke, 364, 369. CADORNA, Gen., 408-9, 4IO-Il. Alessandria, 225. Caiazzo, 316. Alfieri, 8, 18. Cairoli, Benedetto, 281, 389, 391. Alemann, General, 379- Calabria helps Garibaldi, 300. Amedeo, Prince, 169, 344, 368. Calandrelli, I84. Amadeus, Victor, 73. Calatafimi, 278. Amadeus with the Tail, 172. Calderai del Contrapeso, 24. Ampere, 237. Campo Formio, Treaty of, 4. Andreoli, Giuseppe, 51. Canrobert, General, 229. Antonelli, CardlDal. 101, 130, 184, 18g, 191, 398, Capponi, 39, 135· 40 9. Caprera, 221, 325, 328, 331, 38S, 396. • • Anzani, Francesco, 124. Capua, War around, 305, 318; capitulation, Appel. General, 140. 326. Arnim. Count, 409. Carignano, Prince of! 30, 32, 37. Aspre, d', General, 104, 139. 140. Carignano, Eugene

Civita Vecchi'!l the French at. 39'-408- wounded, 349; arre5ted, ]83: in Romt, 39' ; Clam Gallas. Ulunt, 243. def"at at Mentaaa, 394: death,4'.' Clarendon, Lord, 18S. 206- Garibaldi, Menolti, 2;7, :180, 186, 386, 391. ( Clary. General, 292. Garigliano, Hattie of, 3'3- \ Clouldc, Princen, 217, sn8. Genoa, ceded to Sarclinia, 13-15. \ Colonna, General, 281. Genoa, Charici ."elix, Duke of, 3()o32. Commacchio, 16. Ghio, General, 302, 30). Confalonieri, Count. 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 64· Giacinta di Collegno, 38. Conneau 216. Gioberti, 78 133. Corsin~. Prince, 130, 135. Gladstone, W. E., 187' <.:orti, lAunt, 399. GoiIO, Battle of, 1111. Gravelotte, Battle of, 405. ~~i 3r:;;rJ~'~~ Gregory XVI., 50, 76, 77. Crispi, Francesco, 2li9, 292, 294· Guerraui. 135. 1)6. Cristina, Princess, 238. Gyulai, Count, 8:17, '130, 2)1, 240. Crocco. 331. CustOHa, J 14, 370. HAVHAU, General, 145, 162. Hr.n, General, 228, 2)0, 242. DALMATIA, sold with Venice, 364. H iIIien, Baraguay d', 1129. Dante. 1-), 341, 363. Hoche,5' De Ca.<;tillia, 42, Hortense, Queen, 5~. Del Bo~o, 290. 291. Humbert or the White Handl, 172.

~~t~~!~S'F~:~;:!~~~ ,2~~: IMMACUI.ATB CONCEPTION, Doctrine of, "7' g;:y~~~set~:y:.3i8" JESUITS, 51, 75, 128, 379· Dunne, Colonel. 289. 319. Durando, General. 102, '01, 112. KANZLER. General, 392. Kellenper2'. Haron vor., 227. EROLI. 103 Klapka, General, 357. Elliot, Mr, 314. Kohlen. Brennen, 22. Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg, 199, 266. KO~luth. 246, 253. Ku~n, General, 372. F ALLOUX, de, 185. Fanti, General, 257, 312, 314· LADF-RCH', Count, 40. "'arioi, L. C., 73. 127. 237, 2SS, 257.333, 339· La Farina, 295. Faro, Cape of, 297, 298, JOO. La Gala, 33" Favre. Jules. 215, 391 Lamartine, "1 Ferdinand II , .8, go, 92. 93, 102, 188, 231. La Mannora, General, 170, 17., 207. )4IJ, 3S2, "erdinand II I.. 12. 26, 28. 357, ~S9. 361 -366- Ferdinand, Emperor of Austria, 118. Lamonciere, Gennal, ]rt, )IJ. Ferrara, Au§trian" in, 16. Lannet, Marshal, 231. ""erreui, Cardinal, 830 Lanza, General, 282, 28), 286, 403, 406, 407. Le ]{

MantWlt Prince Eugene in. 8-xo; gallant 186-187; Galibaldi·s march on, 299; King defence, lOS. enters, 324. Manzoni, Alessandro, 19. Napoleon Buonaparte, 2-10 240. Margaret, Queen. 199, 401. Napoleon Ill., 55; elected President of French Maria Adelaid~ Queen, 169' Republic, 119, 149; letter to Ney, 185; at.. Maria Teresa, \,lueeo, 31. tempt on his life, 212; compact at Plom... Marie Louise, Empress, I2, 31 i death, 88. bieres, 217, 253; demands Nice and Savoy, Marie Sofia, Princess, 237. 260-262; era of peace, 358. Mamiani, Terenzio, 126, 131. . Napoleon, Prince. 185, 229, 235, 351, 40tS. Maroncelli, Pietro, 44. Nelaton, Dr, 349. Marryat, Captain, 214- Ney, Eagar, 185. Marsala, 274, 276, 345· Nice, cession of, 221, 224, 258; 262 Martineogo, Count, 145. Nicotera, 209, 297. Mary, Princess, of Cambridge, 205 Niel, 229, 244. Mastai Ferretti, Cardinal, 77. Ninco-Nanco,330. Matilda. Archduchess, 401. Normanby, Lord, 117, 228. Maximilian, Archduke, 211. . Novara, 37-39; battle of, I41, 412. MunDi, Giuseppe, 53, 57, 58; early life, 59 ; Nugent, General, 107, 1I2, 113, 143. becomes a Carbonaro. 60; Association of Young Italy, 63; takes refuge in England, 66; O'DONNEL, Count, 95. writes' Duties orMan,' &]; meets Garibaldi. Oliphant, Laurence, 263, 266. 120; at Rome, 132, 157; letters from Olivier, Emile, 405. . Orsini, 214; protests against Napoleonic Orsini, Colonel, 280. war. 220; in Naples, 313. 354·357; corre­ Orsini, Felice, 213, 21tS. sponds with the king, 398; arrested, 401; Oudinot. General, ISO, 1St$. death,413· Medici. Giacomo. 124, 125, 155, 231, 273, 289, Palermo, strange discovery, 92; Sicilian ex­ pedition, 271-290; insurrection, 381. M:r:g;:~~, 3B:itl~f, 240. Pallavicini, Giorgio, 42, 137, 309. 314, 344t Menabrea. General, 388-395,400-4°2. 348,360. Menechini, 25. Palma, 330. Menotti, Ciro, 52, 55, 64. Palmerston, Lord, 83, III, II7, 16t, 266, 282, Mentana, Battle of, 392-397, 404. Merode, Ma~uis de, 330. p;g~f.1Anthony, 52. Messina, held by Royal troops, 290 j evacu­ Paris. Treaty of, 13; Congress of, 185' ated, 295. Parma, 12-16. Metternich, Prince, IS, 32, 46, 56, 83, 84. 86, Passaglia, 341. 95,400• Pastrengo, Battle of, log. Mezzacapo, 231. Peard, Colonel, 303-306. M icca, Pietro, 36. Pellico, Silvio, 40, 43. Milan, revolt, 8-10; fighting in the city, 95; Pepe, Guglielmo. 29, III, 126. Austrains depart, 233. Perier, Casimir, 53. Milano, Ageslao, 208. .. Persano, Admiral, 274, 288,308, 372, 371. Milazzo, Battle of, 290. Peschiera, rI2, 24°, 242, 248. Mincie, Battle of. 107, 241, 365, 366, 369' Petitti. General, 378. Minghetti, Marco, IOl, I29' Petre, 81, 82. Minto, Lord, 87, u6 Piacellza, garrisoned by Austrians, I6. M isilmeri, 280. Piedmont, Revolution in, 33; struggle with MisleYr Dr, 52. .the. Church, 189.192. Misson, Major. 29:1:. Pletrl, 253. Modena, revolution in. 53. PHone, 330. MonreaJe, 218. Pilo, Rosalino, 170, 278. Montalembert, 185. Pisacane, Carlo, 209 Montanelli, Giuseppe, II2, 135, 136. Pius VII., 12, 49. Monti, 16. Pius VIII., 50 Montebello, Battle of, 231. Pius IX., 78; election, 19. 93; grants consti­ Morelli. 25, 29. tution, 101; encyclical letter, 108; flight to Mora. Domenico, 68. . Gaeta, 130; calls foreign aid to support tem­ Moscow, retreat from, 8. poral power, 132; thanksgiving, 183, 259; Mundy, Admiral, 282, 283, 281, 288, 314,320, character, 3II; calls to arms, 363. 408 ~ 324, 354· death,4:13. M~at, Joachim, 6, 7, 10, 13,23· Plombieres, 217; meeting between Napoleon and Cavour. N APlER, Lord, go, 92. Poerio, Carlo, 90, 126, 134. Naples, 25-29, IOI; massacre, no; misrule in, Pralormo, Count, 116. 420 Index

Prin&, General. 8. Thum. GeneraL '40- Prince Coruon. '91. "58. Tieino. "0. 130. .8'6. I.a. Ill­ Tolentino. Battle 01, 10. RA.D.TS~Y, C)6. 1'?-4. 111, 1]9, 168, 167. 195.'* Torelli. Prince, '34- RaimondI, Capta.... 35 T onona, "30- Rauaui1 '38. -. 007. '5" 060, 340. 34". 3500 T .....Jn .... Marquis de, 33" 38 .. 3'4- . Trentmo, 343. 36]0 37" Reggio... ;!"" 347. Treocorre, 3.". 343. Rena., rtetro, 73. . TOrr, General. JIJ. 405. Ricuoli. Baron. '35•• 35 ••]6, "SS. 335. 3400 36 •• ULLOA. General, _ Rienzi. Cola di. '3•• U Itramontanel. 190 159, 397. 40<4. Rimim.9· Umberto. Prince. 169. 344. 367. 368, 401. RilOrgimento. 194. Urban, '31. I)•• Rolandi .. de. 5" Romagna. Carbonarism in the. .~, 50. VACCA., Admiral. 374- Rome. Entry of French, '57; • reach depan Vaillant, Gener.l, U9•• 61: from, 382; declared capital, 411 Vecchj, Colonel, ,328. Romeo. Domenico. 9Oro Venice. ]"'; polittcal tri.l, in. 40'44 ; Au.trian. ROOIIaI"oll. Gen.raI. "'Jo expelled, 99; re-occupied by Au.tria. 160-16). Roueul, Gabriele, 49- '51, ]'1, )S6, 371 • united to haly, 379. ROI5i. 81, 128. VenOita. J500 ]611 407. Rouher, )97, 405. Veron•• Conaraa 0(, ~6. Ruffini. Jacobo, 65. Victor Amadeus, 18 •• Ruskin. J .• '9" Viclor Emmanuel I., at Turin. II; Kin, or Ruuell. Lord John• • 5', .68•• 74. 3.7. Sardinia, 30; abdicatu, ]6. recommend. RUMeI~ Odo, "'5- mercy. 38. Victor Emmanuel II. i acceHion. 141; un· SADOWA. Battle 0(, 370' Salemi, 215. r~:!h~rt:.6~~ inv~;~tGarlf~~i~o ;:.~ SalernO,305- hi. armf, .,1 ; enten Milan, '14 i couraKe San lIon.,374- at So(enno. '45; peaca with AU.lria, 249: Sanfedest I, Secret Society 0(, so. letter to Napoleon, 'U; hailed KIDa: 01 San Marino, 13.7). Italf' 3'3; entry into Naple., )'.: in San Martino, Count, 408. Vemce, 380; iIlne .., 40'; viait to lierlin, Santa Rosa, 191. 406; death. 413. Santorre di Santa Rosa. 38. Victoria. Queen, 1161. Sardinia-War witb Au.tria, ')7. Vienna, Conareu of, 13. I~, ]2, 10 ; Treaty or, ,379· ~~:d:,l to~::;12~~: 221.224. IIS8, 259, 2611. Vlmere.ti. Count, 168, 16Q. Schwarzenberg, Prince, 176, 187,1143, a.t+ Voltumo. 307. JI), )1,; Haule 0(, )19. Sella, Quintino. 361. Se-ttrmbrini, :kl9. WADDINGTON, 399. Si(;ily-lraurrection, 91 i Sicilian expedition, Welden, Gene-ral. "1. 066- w.n ..I.,.. Admiral. 68. Silvati, .5, 2C). Wellington, Uuke of. ,6. Sirtori, 272, 360. William I'J Emperor, 3S8. 4oS. Spen, TilO, 144- Wilmot. Lieutenant. :a8o, :a84 Spielbel"R', 44. W ~rth. lIaul. of• ..". Solan> d.lla M arghen .....). Wrati.la., 140. Solferino. Battle of, 24J. '4~ Supelg&, the, ,8 •• YOllNG ITALY, Auociation 0(, (ounded by )lauiai,6.J. TALL.VRAND, Prince, 33, a60, 26+ ZAMBO ..1, Luigi. ,I. ~cl.'!~af:-Batde of.-. Zed_jUt -4). 11 ..... T ....boff. Admiral, 373·3n. Zobel. I]'. Theobald de Brie, .a. ZIlni. 136- T_olinda. Crown of. 6- Zucch~ General. 54. Thien, 1750 JIn, 404· Zurich. Conf_nee of•• ,,; Treat)' of•• sa EVENTS OF OUR OWN TIME

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THE FALL OF ATHENS. A Story of the Pelopon­ nesian War. With many Illustrations. Price 5s., cloth. STORIES FROM THE GREEK COMEDIANS. With Sixteen Coloured Illustrations. Price 5s., cloth. The broad humour of Aristbphanes is most effectively given in this little book, and the tlashes of brilliant irony not less vividly.'--S;.dotor. THE STORY OF THE ILIAD. With Coloured Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth. Price 5s. THE STORY OF THE ODYSSEY. With Coloured Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth. Price 5s. • One of the most beautiful pieces of prose in the English language, as well as one which gives a better notion of Homer than anyone, probably I of our many meri.. torious metrical and rhymed versions.'--S;.ctator. STORIES FROM HOMER. With Coloured Illustra­ tions. Twenty-third Thousand. Price 5s., cloth. • A book which ought to become an English classic. It is full of tbe pure Homeric flavour.'--S;.ctalor. STORIES FROM VIRGIL. With Coloured Illustra­ tions. Sixteenth Thousand. Price 5s., cloth. 'Superior to his "Stories from Homer,lI good as they were, and perhaps as perfect a specimen of that peculiar form of translation as could be.·-Ti_s. STORIES FROM THE GREEK TRAGEDIANS. With Coloured Illustrations. Tenth Thousand. Price 5s., cloth. e Not only a pleasant and entertaining book for the fireside, but a storehouse of facts from bistory to be of real service to them when they come to read a Greek play for themselves.'--St""d.",I. STORIES OF THE EAST FROM HERODOTUS. With Coloured Illustrations. Ninth Thousand. Price 5s., cloth~ • For a school prize" more suitable book will hardly be found.'-Litlr",,, CANnA· m4II. THE STORY OF THE PERSIAN WAR FROM HERODOTUS. With Coloured Illustrations. Fifth Thousand. Price 5s., cloth. e We are inclined to think this is the best volume of ProCessor Church's series since the excellent II Stories from Homer." '-At"entftl",. STORIES FROM LIVY. With Coloured Illustrations. Sixth Thousand. Price 5s., cloth. - • The lad who gets this book for a present will have got a genuine classical trea­ sure. '-Scotsmaft. THE STORY OF THE LAST DAYS OF JER­ USALEM FROM JOSEPHUS. With Coloured Illustrations. Seventh Thousand. Price 3s. 6d., cloth. , I The execution of this work has been performed with that judiciousness or selection and felicity of language which have combined to raise Professor Church far above the fear of rivalry:-A

LONDON: SEELEY &: CO., LIMITED, ESSEX ST., STRAND. WORKS BY REV. A. J. CHURCH. HEROES AND KINGS. Stories from the Greek. Sixth Thousand. Price IS. 6d., cloth. e This volume is Quite a little triumph of neatness and taste. -5ahlrtla, Rftl,iw. THE STORIES OF THE ILIAD AND THE lENEID. With Il\ustrations. Seventh Thousand. Price IS., sewed, or IS. 6d., cloth. e The attractive and scholar· like rendering of the story ennnot fail, we feel 5ure, to make it a favourite at home a.IIi well as at school.'-EdllclIl;olfGl Ti",,,. THE BURNING OF ROME: A Story of Nero's Days. With Sixteen Il\ustrations. Price 5s., cloth. A~:bIY the best of the many excellent tal'5that Mr Church has produced:- WITH THE KING AT OXFORD: A Story of the Great Rebellion. With Coloured Illustrations. Fiflh Thousand. Price 5s., cloth. • Excellent sketches of tbe times,'-A tlulUft4m.. A YOUNG MACEDONIAN, in the Army of Alexander the Great. With Coloured Il\ustrations. Price 5s., cloth. e The book is full of true classical romance. '-SItctattwo THE COUNT OF THE SAXON SHORE: A Tale of the Departure of the Romans from Brilain. With Sixteen Illustra· tions. Third Thousand. Price 55., clolh. I II The Count of the Saxon Short OJ will be read by multitudes or young readen for the sake of tbe story, which abounds in mQving adventures; older readerA will value it for its accurate pictures of the last days of Roman Britain.' -S}ectatcW. THE HAMMER: A Story of Maccabean Times. By Rev. A. J. CHURCH and RICHMOND SEELEY. With Illustralions. Second Edition. Price 55., cloth. • Mr Alfred Church and Mr Richmond Seeley have joined their forces in producinc a vivid picture of Jewish life and character.' -GtIa,.di4,.. THE GREEK GULLIVER. Stories from Lucia~. With Illustrations. New Edition. Price IS. 6d., cloth I II., sewed. • Every lover of literature must be pleased to have Lucian', good-natured mockery and reckless fancy in lucb an admirable Englilh dreH.'-$.turday Rnlie711. ROMAN LIFE IN THE DAYS OF. CICERO. With Coloured Illustrations. Sixth Thousand. Price 55., cloth. 'The best prize book of the seuon:-j"",."../ 0/ EtI,,,,.tioll. THE CHANTRY PRIEST OF BARNET: A Tale of the Two Rose9. With Coloured Illustrations. Fifth Thousand. Price 59., cloth. 'This is likely to be a very usdul book, aa it ia certainly very intere.tin, and well got up.'-S.t",.tI4? RnJ;eflI. TO THE LIONS: A Tale of the Early Christians. With Coloured Illustrations. Fourth Thousand. Price 39. 6d., cloth.

LONDON: SEELEY & CO., LIMITED, ESSEX ST., STRA~m. EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SERIES.

SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS AND THE ROYAL ACADEMY. By CLAUDE PHILLIPS. With Nine Plates after the Artist's Pictures. Price 7s. 6d., cloth; large paper copies (ISO only),2IS. 'Mr' Phillips writes with knowledge, insight, and original inspiration-full of accurate information and sound criticism.'-Times. -

DEAN SWIFT: LIFE AND WRITINGS. By GERALD MORIARTY, Balliol College, Oxford. With Nine Portraits, after LELY, KNELLER, etc. 7s. 6d.; large paper copies (ISO only), 2IS. I Mr Moriarty is to he heartily congratulated upOn' having produced an extremely sound an(i satisfactory little book. ·-National Ob$"",o,,.

HORACE WALPOLE AND HIS WORLD: Select Passages from his Letters. With Eight Copper-plates after Sir JOSHUA REYNOLDS and THOMAS LAWRENCE. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d., cloth.

I A compact representative selection with just enou~h connecting text to make it read consecutively, with a pleasantly-written intro~uctl0n"-At"e"Qi'Um. . FANNY BURNEY AND HER FRIENDS. Select Passages from her Diary. Edited by L. B. SEELEY, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. With Nine Portraits on Copper, after REYNOLDS, GAINSBOROUGH, COPLEY and WEST. Third Edition. 7s. 6d., cloth. e The charm of the volume is heightened by nine illustrations of some of the masterpieces of English art, and it would not be possible to find a more captivating present for anyone beginning to appreciate the characters of the last century. '- Acadtmy. ' MRS THRALE, AFTERWARDS MRS PIOZZI. By L. B. SEELEY, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. With Nine Portraits on Copper, after HOGARTH, REYNOLDS, ZOFFANY and others. 7s. 6d., cloth. I This sketch is better worth having than the autobiography, for it is infinitely the more complete and satisfying.'-Globe. . LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU. By ARTHUR R. ROPES, M.A., sometime Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. With Nine Portraits, after Sir GODFREY KNELLER, etc. 7s. 6d. ; large paper copies (ISO only), net 21S.

,C Embellished as it is with a number of excellent plates, we cannot imagine a more welcome or delightful present.'-National O/JstnJer.

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THE INNS OF COURT AND CHANCERY. By W. J. LoFTIE. With more than Sixty Illustrations, chieAy by HER' BERT RAILTON. 6s., cloth. THE BRITISH SEAS.. By W. CLARK RUSSELL, and other Writers. With Sixty Illustrations, after HENRY MOORK, R.A., J. C. HOOK, R.A., COLIN HUNTER, A.R.A., HAMILTON MACALLUM and other Artists. 6s., cloth. LANCASHIRE Brief Historical and Descriptive Notes. By LEo GRINDON. With many Illustrations, by A. BRUNET' DEBAINES, H. TOUSSAINT, R. KENT THOMAS and others. 65., cloth. PARIS. In Past and Present Times. By P. G. HAMERTON. With many Illustrations, by A. BRUNET·DI.BAINES, H •• Tous· SAINT, JACOMB HOOD and others. 6s., cloth. THE RUINED ABBEYS OF YORKSHIRE. By W. CHAMBERS LEFltOY. With many Illustrations, by A. BRUNET· DEBAINES and H. TOUSSAINT. 65., cloth. OXFORD. Chapters by A. LANG. With many Illustra· tions, by A. BRUN&T·DEBAINES, H. TOUSSAINT and R. KENT THOMAS. 55., cloth. CAMBRIDGE. By J. W. CLARK, M.A. With many Illustrations, by A. BRUNR'f·DEBAINRS and H. TOUSSAINT. 65., cloth. WINDSOR. By W. J. LoFTIE, dedicated by permission to Her Majesty the Queen. With many Illustrations, by HUBER'f RAILTON. 6s., cloth. STRATFORD·ON-AVON. In the Middle Ages and the Time of the Shakespeares. By S. L. LEE. With many llIustra· tions by E. HULL. 6s., cloth. EDINBURGH. Picturesque Notes. By ROBERT LoUIS STEVENSON. With many Illustrations by W. E. LoCKHART, R.S.A. 31. 6d., cloth l 55., Roxburghe. CHARING CROSS TO ST PAUL'S. By JUSTIN M'CARTHY. With Illustrations by JOSEPH PENNELL. 6s., cloth.

A /tw Copies of tlu Guinea Edition of some of these volumes, containing the original etchings, can still be had.

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By AGNES GIBERNE.

SUN, MOON, AND STARS. A Book on Astronomy for Beginners. By AGNES GIBERNE. With Coloured IIIus trations. Twenty-first Thousand. Byo, 55., cloth. RADIANT SUNS. A Sequel to Sun, Moon, and Stars. By AGNES GIBERNE. With many Illustrations. Crown Byo, 5s., cloth. THE OCEAN OF AIR. Meteorology for Beginners. By AGNES GIBERNE. With Illustrations. Fourth Thousand. 5s., cloth. THE WORLD'S FOUNDATIONS. Geology for Begin­ ners. By AGNES GIBERNE. With Illustrations. Sixth Thousand. 5s., cloth. AMONG THE STARS. Astronomy for Children. By AGNES GIBERNE. With Illustrations. Fourth Thousand. 55., cloth.

By SELINA GAYE. THE GREAT WORLD'S FARM. How Nature grows her Crops. By SELINA GAVE. With a Preface by Professor BOULGER, and Sixteen Illustrations. Crown Byo, cloth, 5S.

By REV. H. N. HUTCHINSON.

THE STORY OF THE .HILLS. By the Rev. H. N. HUTCHINSON. With Illustrations. 5s.

LONDON: SEELEY & CO., LIMITED, ESSEX ST., STRAND. RECENT WORKS BY MRS MARSHALL.

KENSINGTON PALACE IN THE DAYS OF QUEEN MARY II. With lllustrations. Price 5s. PENS HURST CASTLE IN THE TIME OF SIR PHILIP SIDNEY. By EMMA MARSHALL With l11ustrations. Fourth Thousand. Price 5S.. cloth. • An eltcellent historical romance.·--G/~ JI,,..ltl. IN THE SERVICE OF RACHEL, ;.A\>Y RUSSELL. \\'ith Illustrations. Fourth Thousand. Pnce sl., cloth. 'This is another of those admirable hi~torical romanteS i.~ which Mrs ManhaU makes tbe past speak to the prescot.' ~",Hdal"", ' WINIFREDE'S JOURNAL. A Story of Exeter and Norwich in the Days of Bishop Hall. With Illustrations. Fourth Thousand. Price 5s., cloth. 'u.ptivating in otyle. graphic in etrect, and high in tolJll-C_rtii_ WINCHESTER MEADS IN...THElJAYS OF BISHOP KEN. Sixth Thousand. With Eight Illustrations. Price 5'., cloth. I Mrs Marshall has produced anolber of her pleasant "OtiC" of old limn:­ Sahwd.,X"';,.,.,. UNDER SALISBURY'S SPIRE IN THE DAYS OF GEORGE HERBERT. With lllustrations. Ninth Thousand. Price 5s., cloth. 'A channing study ofHfe and character in the KftDtecnlh century.'-AI...... , ... IN THE CITY OF FLOWERS. With Illustrations Third Thousand. .Price ss.. cloth. 'The slory is excdlenl. '-G.,.rJidll. ON THE BANKS OF THE OUSE. A Tale of the Times of Newton aud Cowper. With Illustrations. Fourth Thousand. Price 5s .• cloth. , It is refre..o;.hing to read a book 10 earucsl as this. Th. Ityle i.sample and c1ear,"­ ....fe.dIMy. IN FOUR REIGNS. The Recollections of ALTHEA ALLlSGHAM. With Illustrations. Fifth Thousand. Price 5s., cloth. • Seldom does one meet with a book oflucb sympathetic and lOuchina cb&rac:ter.'­ .V... iffC Plut. UNDER THE MENDIPS. A Tale of the Times of More. With Illustrations. Sixth Thousand. Price 55.. cloth. • A charming story.'-At...... IN THE EAST COUNTRY with Sir Thomas Browne, Kni~ht. With Illustrations. Fifth Thousand. Pric!j'" cloth. s;'~'::::'aclwmincand pretty story o(lir. in N..,.ic~ two bund yeanago.'- IN COLSTON'S DAYS. A Story of Old Bristol. With lIIu,trations. Fifth Thousand. Price S", cloth. o The illu§tnltion§ Are ex«lIenl pictun:s cI B.rUtui in the old cia,.. and tbe book ilMlr i- pan,cvlarly pJea.ant reading. ·-CJt.uh... U ·md.

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