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13 Fruci Y Pinto Ayer 112.Pdf 112 112 1134-2277 ISSN: 2018. Madrid, Revisitar la Gloriosa Revisitar la Gloriosa Al cumplirse 150 años de la Revolución del 68, desde la revista Ayer se propone volver la mirada sobre la Gloriosa. Arrancó entonces uno de los periodos más convulsos e intensos de nuestra época contemporánea, ligado sin duda a la dilatada lucha por la democracia en España, y que un grupo de historiadores conocedores Coeditado por : Asociación de Historia Contemporánea y Marcial Pons Historia Asociación de Historia Contemporánea y Marcial : Coeditado por del periodo sugiere revisitar en este dosier. ISBN: 978-84-16662-66-1 112 Revista de Historia Contemporánea 9 788416 662661 2018 (4) 2018 (4) AYER 112/2018 (4) ISSN: 1134-2277 ASOCIACIÓN DE HISTORIA CONTEMPORÁNEA MARCIAL PONS, EDICIONES DE HISTORIA, S. A. MADRID, 2018 353 Ayer 112.indb 3 12/11/18 13:57 AYER está reconocida con el sello de calidad de la Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT) y recogida e indexada en Thomson-Reuters Web of Science (ISI: Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Current Contents/ Arts and Humanities, Social Sciences Citation Index, Journal Citation Reports/ Social Sciences Edition y Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences), Scopus, Historical Abstracts, ERIH PLUS, Periodical Index Online, Ulrichs, ISOC, DICE, RESH, IN-RECH, Dialnet, MIAR, CARHUS PLUS+ y Latindex Esta revista es miembro de ARCE © Asociación de Historia Contemporánea Marcial Pons, Ediciones de Historia, S. A. ISBN: 978-84-16662-66-1 ISSN: 1134-2277 Depósito legal: M. 1.149-1991 Diseño de la cubierta: Manuel Estrada. Diseño Gráfico Impreso en Madrid 2018 353 Ayer 112.indb 6 12/11/18 13:57 Ayer 112/2018 (4) ISSN: 1134-2277 SUMARIO DOSIER REVISITAR LA GLORIOSA Rafael Villena Espinosa, ed. Presentación. Revisitar la Gloriosa, Rafael Villena Espi- nosa ............................................................................... 13-20 La biblioteca de un texto vivo (en torno a los orígenes in- telectuales de la Revolución Gloriosa de 1868), Rafael Serrano García .............................................................. 21-45 La revolución tranquila: el despliegue de la Gloriosa en la España interior, Rafael Villena Espinosa ...................... 47-72 La carne de la política: ruptura democrática y simbología, Marie-Angèle Orobon .................................................. 73-98 «Mejorar la suerte del proletariado». Cuestión social y re- partos comunales (Navarra, 1868), José-Miguel Lana Berasáin ......................................................................... 99-127 Libertad frente a esclavismo: la Revolución Gloriosa y la cuestión abolicionista (1868-1873), Antonio Jesús Pinto Tortosa ................................................................ 129-155 Las grandes potencias ante la Gloriosa. Otro desafío nacional para el equilibrio europeo, Isabel María Pascual Sastre ............................................................... 157-182 ESTUDIOS Prensa e identidades nacionales durante la Guerra del Paraguay (1864-1870), María Lucrecia Johansson ...... 185-211 Las glorias del espectáculo. Actrices y celebridad en el primer tercio del siglo XX español, Irene Mendoza Martín ............................................................................ 213-236 0 Primeras.indd 7 13/11/18 10:34 Sumario Fútbol y espectáculo de masas en Córdoba (Argentina) du- rante los años veinte, Franco D. Reyna ........................ 237-264 Cuando la realidad supera la ficción: la operación RYAN (1981-1991), Guillem Colom ....................................... 265-293 ENSAYO BIBLIOGRÁFICO De las políticas sociales al Estado del Bienestar. Sincronías y asimetrías entre Italia y España en el siglo XX, Michela Minesso, ......................................................... 297-313 HOY El regreso de los Borbones. Reelaboraciones mitográficas y perspectivas políticas en el Mezzogiorno italiano, Gian Luca Fruci y Carmine Pinto ......................................... 317-334 8 Ayer 112/2018 (4) 0 Primeras.indd 8 13/11/18 10:34 HOY 353 Ayer 112.indb 315 12/11/18 13:57 El regreso de los Borbones... Gian Luca Fruci y Carmine Pinto Ayer 112/2018 (4): 317-334 ISSN: 1134-2277 El regreso de los Borbones. Reelaboraciones mitográficas y perspectivas políticas en el Mezzogiorno italiano * Gian Luca Fruci Università di Bari [email protected] Carmine Pinto Università di Salerno [email protected] Resumen: En el Mezzogiorno italiano la nostalgia del antiguo Reino de las Dos Sicilias constituye un fenómeno de primera magnitud. El artículo aborda la historia del universo neoborbónico poniendo de manifiesto que sus relatos, deudores del imaginario de la «causa perdida», son una reelaboración o un panaché del tardío siglo XX compuesto por tres ejes principales: 1) el discurso de las Dos Sicilias producido en la gue- rra contra el Estado unitario y transmitido posteriormente por la no- vela histórica y por las ficciones televisivas; 2) la interpretación de la guerra del brigantaggio borbónico como una lucha de clases ante litte- ram; 3) los paradigmas del genocidio y victimario del siglo XX aplica- dos al pasado del Mezzogiorno del siglo XIX. Palabras clave: Italia meridional, universo neoborbónico, causa per- dida, paradigma del genocidio. Abstract: In Southern Italy, nostalgia for the ancient kingdom of the Two Sicilies is a major phenomenon. This article explores various elements of the history of this neo-Bourbon universe. It demonstrates how this construction was dependent on an imagined narrative of a «lost cause», which consisted, in turn, of a late twentieth century re-elabora- tion or mixture of the three axes argument. This consisted of the fol- lowing characteristics: (1) The Two Sicilies discourse was produced in * El presente texto ha sido ideado y elaborado por ambos autores, no obstante Gian Luca Fruci se ha ocupado de la redacción de los epígrafes primero, tercero y quinto, y Carmine Pinto del segundo, cuarto y sexto. Recibido: 03-07-2018 (italiano) y 10-08-2018 (traducción) Aceptado: 21-09-2018 353 Ayer 112.indb 317 12/11/18 13:57 Gian Luca Fruci y Carmine Pinto El regreso de los Borbones... the war for unification and subsequently conveyed by historical nov- els and televised fiction. (2) The War of Bourbon Brigandage became interpreted as a possible ante-litteram class struggle. (3) The genocide and victim paradigms became applied to the history of nineteenth cen- tury Southern Italy. Keywords: Southern Italy, neo-Bourbon universe, lost cause, victimiza- tion, genocide. La ofensiva político-institucional de los neoborbónicos Los Borbones están de vuelta. La nostalgia del antiguo reino de Fernando II y la reivindicación de una tradición patriótica propia son fenómenos de actualidad en el Mezzogiorno italiano. El fenó- meno se parece a un río cárstico que adquirió cierta consistencia en los años noventa del siglo pasado y ha emergido, como tema re- levante de la discusión mediática y pública, incluso a nivel popu- lar, en el marco del 150 aniversario de la unificación nacional ita- liana (2011). El neoborbonismo ha dado recientemente un salto político cualitativo. El 4 de julio de 2017, el Consiglio Regionale della Puglia, una de las regiones meridionales más importantes de Italia, aprobó casi por unanimidad una moción del Movimento 5 Stelle (M5S) obligando al presidente, y al gobierno regional de centroizquierda, «a adoptar el 13 de febrero como jornada oficial en la que puedan ser recordados los meridionales que perecieron durante el proceso de unificación, y también los pueblos que fue- ron destruidos» 1. Esta votación supone la culminación de una iniciativa institucio- nal transversal a todos los grupos políticos puesta en marcha en sede parlamentaria el 28 de febrero de 2017. En esta fecha, representan- tes de la derecha y de la izquierda del Mezzogiorno depositaron en la comisión de cultura de la Cámara una moción similar a la aprobada, con la única diferencia de que no señalaba el 13 de febrero como día de la celebración 2. La elección final de esta fecha emblemática de la memoria legitimista y borbónica, la de la rendición del último 1 CONSIGLIO REGIONALE DELLA PUGLIA: Atti consiliari, X legislatura, 66.ª sesión pública, resumen estenográfico, 4 de julio de 2017, p. 81. 2 PARLAMENTO ITALIANO, CAMERA DEI DEPUTATI: Banca dati del sindacato ispet- tivo, XVII legislatura, moción 1/01523, primera signataria Nunzia Di Girolamo 318 Ayer 112/2018 (4): 317-334 353 Ayer 112.indb 318 12/11/18 13:57 Gian Luca Fruci y Carmine Pinto El regreso de los Borbones... rey, Francisco II, en la plaza de Gaeta el 13 de febrero de 1861, se debió a una iniciativa del M5S. Señalar este día, en lugar del de la victoria del Carlos III en Velletri (el 11 de agosto de 1744) o el del retorno de Fernando IV del exilio siciliano (el 17 de junio de 1815), no es el fruto de la casualidad. En realidad, los borbónicos vencidos dieron forma a un mito: el de una nación fracasada con la guerra de 1860-1861, la nación duosiciliana, modelado en contraposición mi- mética a la emergente nación italiana. El texto aprobado en Puglia —y presentado en casi todas las asambleas regionales del Mezzogiorno— evoca masacres y número de muertos (designados como «víctimas») sin tener en cuenta ni los re- sultados de las investigaciones históricas —no solo las académicas— metodológicamente rigurosas, ni las discusiones públicas que han te- nido lugar durante décadas sobre este tema. Y tiene como corolario la denuncia de que «en la mayor parte de los libros de texto y manuales universitarios las páginas más oscuras
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