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Phase I Archaeological Survey Along KY 480 in Bullitt County, Kentucky

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Phase I Archaeological Survey Along KY 480 in Bullitt County, Kentucky By: J. David McBride, MA, RPA J. Howard Beverly, MA, RPA Dona R. Daugherty PHASE I Ann Shouse Wilkinson Submitted by: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CDM Smith 1648 McGrathiana Pkwy SURVEY OF KY 480, Suite 340 BULLITT COUNTY, Lexington, KY 40511 KENTUCKY Prepared for: KY Transportation Cabinet Division of Environmental KYTC ITEM # 5-391.20 Analysis Transportation Cabinet 200 Mero Street, 5th Floor Frankfort, Kentucky 40622 Kentucky Office of State Archaeology Project Number: FY14-8151 Phase I Archaeological Survey of KY 480, Bullitt County, Kentucky KYTC Item Number # 5-391.20 Authored by J. David McBride, MA, RPA J. Howard Beverly, MA, RPA Dona R. Daugherty Ann Shouse Wilkinson Submitted by CDM Smith 1648 McGrathiana Pkwy, Suite 340 Lexington, KY 40511 Prepared for Client: Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) Division of Environmental Analysis Transportation Cabinet 200 Mero Street, 5th Floor Frankfort, Kentucky 40622 ________________________________________ J. David McBride, MA, RPA Principal Investigator: CDM Smith Contact: (859) 254-5759 Ext. 124 or [email protected] Lead Federal Agency: Federal Highways Administration Kentucky Office of State Archaeology Archaeological Project Number: FY14-8151 Archaeology Report August 2014 PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER Abstract At the request of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC), archaeologists from CDM Smith conducted a Phase I archaeological survey the widening of KY 480 (Item Number 5-391.20). The area around the Interstate 65 interchange at KY 480 was also surveyed. Part of the Simmons/Old Lee Cemetery was also surveyed. The area of potential effect (APE) consisted of 48.5 acres (19.6 ha). Field work was conducted between June 27, 2014 and July 15, 2014. The APE included disturbed areas, areas of greater than 15% slope. The APE also included wooded areas, grass area, and agricultural cropland. The areas with zero ground surface visibility were surveyed using systematic shovel test excavation. Some of the agricultural cropland had ground surface visibility were surface collected. The cemetery area was also stripped with a backhoe. The entire APE was visually inspected. Three isolated finds were identified within the project bounds. No evidence of graves was identified in the area of the Simmons/Old Lee Cemetery tested. The isolated finds and the Cemetery area tested were not potentially eligible for recommendation to the National Register of Historical Places (NRHP) under Criterion D. i Document Code Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................................. ii List of Figures........................................................................................................................................................................ iv List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................................ vi Section 1 - Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Project Sponsor and Regulatory Authority ........................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Purpose and Scope of Work ...................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Project Location and Description ........................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.4 Area of Potential Effect (APE) .................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.5 OSA Records Research ................................................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.6 Principal Investigator .................................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.7 Field and Laboratory Crew ....................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.7.1 Field Effort ........................................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.7.2 Laboratory Effort .............................................................................................................................................. 1-5 1.8 Maps and Figures ........................................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.9 Curation ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-5 1.10 Summary of Investigations ..................................................................................................................................... 1-5 Section 2 - Environmental ............................................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Physiography and Topography ............................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Geology ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Soils ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.4 Hydrology ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2-5 2.5 Cherts .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-8 2.6 Prehistoric Climate Conditions................................................................................................................................ 2-8 2.7 Current Climate Conditions ................................................................................................................................... 2-10 2.8 Prehistoric and Present Flora and Fauna ........................................................................................................ 2-10 2.9 Current Land Use ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-10 Section 3 - Cultural Context, Previous Investigation, and Summary of Known Sites .............................. 3-1 3.1 Prehistoric Period ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Paleoindian Period ........................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Archaic Period .................................................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.1.2.1 The Early Archaic Period .................................................................................................................. 3-3 3.1.2.2 The Middle Archaic Period ............................................................................................................... 3-4 3.1.2.3 The Late Archaic Period .................................................................................................................... 3-5 3.1.3 Woodland Period .............................................................................................................................................. 3-6 3.1.3.1 Early Woodland ..................................................................................................................................... 3-7 3.1.3.2 Middle Woodland ................................................................................................................................. 3-8 3.1.3.3 Late Woodland ....................................................................................................................................... 3-8 3.1.4 Late Prehistoric Period ................................................................................................................................ 3-10 3.2 Historic Period ............................................................................................................................................................. 3-12 3.2.1 Exploration and Early Settlement (ca. 17th Century-1820)
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