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Cvr Design V2.Ai ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EARLY AND LATE FORT ANCIENT HOWARD SITE (15MA427), MADISON COUNTY, KENTUCKY By David Pollack and Eric J. Schlarb With Contributions By: C. Brian Mabelitini Emanuel Breitburg Rick Burdin Jack Rossen Wesley D. Stoner Kentucky Archaeological Survey Jointly Administered By: University of Kentucky Kentucky Heritage Council KAS Report No. 151 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EARLY AND LATE FORT ANCIENT HOWARD SITE (15MA427), MADISON COUNTY, KENTUCKY KAS Report No. 151 By David Pollack and Eric J. Schlarb With Contributions by: C. Brian Mabelitini Emanuel Breitburg Rick Burdin Jack Rossen Wesley D. Stoner Report Prepared for: James Howard Richmond Industrial Development Corporation Report Submitted by: Kentucky Archaeological Survey Jointly Administered by: University of Kentucky Kentucky Heritage Council 1020A Export Street Lexington, Kentucky 40506-9854 859/257-5173 February 2009 __________________________ David Pollack Principal Investigator ABSTRACT The Howard site contains the remains of an early Fort Ancient hamlet and a late Fort Ancient/Contact period village. The early Fort Ancient component is represented by Jessamine Series ceramic and Type 2 Fine Triangular projectile points, while the late Fort Ancient component is represented by Madisonville series ceramics, Type 4 and Type 6 Fine Triangular projectile points, and unifacial and bifacial endscrapers. The presence of a marginella shell bead and mica fragments reflect long distance interaction with groups living to the south, and the recovery of a glass bead and a copper bead points to interaction with Europeans. Based on the presence of intact subplowzone deposits associated with both components, and the recovery of human remains, the Howard site is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Additional archaeological research at this site has the potential to address a variety of research questions relating to Fort Ancient settlement and subsistence patterns, and interactions between Native Americans and the earliest European settlers. In order to preserve the Howard site, the Richmond Industrial Development Corporation fenced off a 2.2 ha area and designated it as green space within their industrial park. Should project plans change and it become necessary to impact the Howard site, the Richmond Industrial Development Corporation should consult with the Kentucky Heritage Council to determine the nature and extent of any additional work that will be needed. i i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the many people who worked in the field including Janie-Rice Brother, Jeff Foster, A. Gywnn Henderson, Ed Henry, Leon Lane, Brian Mabelitini, Greg Maggard, Gabrielle Paschall, Martin Raymer, Carrell Rush, Wesley D. Stoner and Emily Swintosky. Special thanks go out to James Howard of the Richmond Industrial Development Corporation. Jimmy, we truly appreciate your kindness and cooperation for allowing us to preserve the most fragile portion of this archaeological site as green space. We also would like to thank Stacey Curtis from the city of Richmond for his noble efforts operating the bulldozer. Hayward Wilkirson prepared the photographs and graphics, Ed Winkle and Barbara Gortman handled the administrative details. A. Gwynn Henderson provided valuable editorial comments. ii i TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract............................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iii List of Figures......................................................................................................................v List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1: Introduction.......................................................................................................1 Chapter 2: Environmental and Cultural Background..........................................................4 Chapter 3: Previously Documented Fort Ancient Sites in Madison County ....................17 Chapter 4: Field Methods..................................................................................................20 Chapter 5: Chipped Stone, Groundstone and Mica ..........................................................22 Chapter 6: Prehistoric Ceramics and Non-Vessel Clay Objects.......................................48 Chapter 7: Historic Materials............................................................................................71 Chapter 8: Archaeobotanical Remains..............................................................................76 Chapter 9: Faunal Remains...............................................................................................91 Chapter 10: Results of Survey and Excavation..................................................................98 Chapter 11: Conclusions and Management Recommendations.......................................121 References Cited ..............................................................................................................127 i v LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Location of Madison County, Kentucky..................................................................1 1.2 Location of Howard Site, Richmond South, Kentucky 7.5’ U.S.G.S. Topographic Quadrangle ......................................................................................2 1.3 Portion of Howard Site Preserved by the Richmond Industrial Development Corporation ..................................................................3 5.1 Type 2 Fine Triangular Points ...............................................................................24 5.2 Type 4 Fine Triangular Points ...............................................................................25 5.3 Type 5 Fine Triangular Points ...............................................................................26 5.4 Type 6 Fine Triangular Points ...............................................................................27 5.5 Unnotched Pentagonal Cluster Points....................................................................28 5.6 Jack’s Reef Cluster (Corner Notched Points) ........................................................29 5.7 Contracting Stemmed Point ...................................................................................29 5.8 Drills/Perforators Recovered from the Howard Site..............................................30 5.9 Unifacial Endscraper..............................................................................................31 5.10 Bifacial Endscraper................................................................................................33 5.11 Gunflint Recovered from the Howard Site ............................................................34 5.12 Serrated Flake ........................................................................................................35 5.13 Facet with Cortex...................................................................................................42 5.14 Photograph of Facet with Concretions...................................................................43 5.15 Area of Polish to the Right of the large Flake Scar ...............................................43 5.16 Battered Area on the Edge .....................................................................................43 5.17 Mica Fragment.......................................................................................................44 6.1 Jessamine Series.....................................................................................................52 6.2 Rim Profiles ...........................................................................................................53 6.3 Madisonville Plain .................................................................................................58 6.4 Ceramic Disc..........................................................................................................61 6.5 Spoon .....................................................................................................................61 6.6 Beads......................................................................................................................62 6.7 Effigies...................................................................................................................63 6.8 Pipe ........................................................................................................................64 10.1 Howard Site: Areas A-D.......................................................................................100 10.2 Piece Plotted Artifacts...........................................................................................101 10.3 East Profile of Unit 1 ............................................................................................102 10.4 Unit 13 West Wall Profile.....................................................................................105 10.5 Unit 18 South Wall Profile ...................................................................................106 10.6 Feature 1................................................................................................................108 10.7 Feature 2................................................................................................................115 10.8 Planview
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