DOCSLIB.ORG

Marpiyawicasta Man of the Clouds, Or “L.O

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marpiyawicasta Man of the Clouds, Or “L.O MARPIYAWICASTA MAN OF THE CLOUDS, OR “L.O. SKYMAN” “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Man of the Clouds HDT WHAT? INDEX MAN OF THE CLOUDS MARPIYAWICASTA 1750 Harold Hickerson has established that during the 18th and early 19th Centuries, there was a contested zone between the Ojibwa of roughly Wisconsin and the Dakota of roughly Minnesota that varied in size from 15,000 square miles to 35, 000 square miles. In this contested zone, because natives entering the region to hunt were “in constant dread of being surprised by enemies,” game was able to flourish. At this point, however, in a war between the Ojibwa and the Dakota for control over the wild rice areas of northern Minnesota (roughly a quarter of the caloric intake of these two groups was coming from this fecund wild rice plant of the swampy meadows) , the Ojibwa decisively won. HDT WHAT? INDEX MARPIYAWICASTA MAN OF THE CLOUDS HDT WHAT? INDEX MAN OF THE CLOUDS MARPIYAWICASTA This would have the ecological impact of radically increasing human hunting pressure within that previously protected zone. I have observed that in the country between the nations which are at war with each other the greatest number of wild animals are to be found. The Kentucky section of Lower Shawneetown (that was the main village of the Shawnee during the 18th Century) was established. Dr. Thomas Walker, a Virginia surveyor, led the first organized English expedition through the Cumberland Gap into what would eventually become Kentucky. The Ohio Company hired Christopher Gist to explore Kentucky. HDT WHAT? INDEX MARPIYAWICASTA MAN OF THE CLOUDS 1794 In that region of the Louisiana purchase which would become Minnesota, a son was born to Tacankuwaxte His Road is Good at his village on the south shore of the Minnesota River some eight miles above present-day Mendota Mouth of the River, Minnesota. This son would be known, eventually, as an adult, as Marpiyawicasta Man of the Clouds and as “L.O. Skyman.” This man was to attempt to follow the road of pacifism, and so he would die in a racial concentration camp in Minnesota in the winter of 1862-1863, and so I do not have a photograph to show you. It seems he was not considered important enough to photograph. But perhaps this is HDT WHAT? INDEX MAN OF THE CLOUDS MARPIYAWICASTA a daguerreotype of his mother Kankuwastewin:1 Maybe Kankuwastewin was Marpiyawicasta’s mother 1. A nonscholarly source I have seen alleges “about 1780,” but I don’t believe it as it seems to be off-date also on ascertainable things such as the year in which Captain Seth Eastman assumed command of Fort Snelling, etc. HDT WHAT? INDEX MARPIYAWICASTA MAN OF THE CLOUDS The town stocks which had been set up beside a whipping post “as a terror to the disorderly,” behind the 1st Parish meetinghouse in Ipswich in 1638, were at this point dismantled. In Philadelphia, a Market House was erected in the middle of 2nd Street that would extend from Coates Street (Fairmount Avenue) to Popular Street. During this year and the following one, in London, Philip Astley having created the architectural arrangement of the modern circus (that is, a ring placed in front of a theatrical stage), similar amphitheaters for equestrian performances were being constructed in Boston, in New-York, and in Philadelphia. In the early 19th Century, in such structures, conventional plays would be interspersed with traveling circus acts, many of which would be equestrian (horse galloping in circle while acrobats perform stunts relating to it). The USS Constitution would be under construction at Edmond Hartt’s shipyard at the mouth of the Charles River from this point until October 1797. HDT WHAT? INDEX MAN OF THE CLOUDS MARPIYAWICASTA The Springfield armory was created by act of Congress, on a site originally recommended by George Washington not only for its abundant water power, but also for its strategic blocking of a main New England route for an invading army, and for the fact that the Connecticut River was shallow enough by this point that seagoing vessels would never be able to bombard it. FIREARMS NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT Man of the Clouds “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX MARPIYAWICASTA MAN OF THE CLOUDS 1805 John Caldwell Calhoun was attending law school in Litchfield, Connecticut and had no idea at all that a lake was going to be named in his honor. Lake Calhoun was previously called Loon Lake, and near it lived a village of perhaps 500 Lakota Sioux referred to as Kay-yah-ta Otonwa “a village whose houses have roofs” or “Cloud Man’s village.” The Lakota village was renamed Eatonville in honor of Secretary of War John H. Eaton when, in this year, the lake and surrounding territory became part of Fort Snelling Military Reservation. Later the lake would be renamed Lake Calhoun in honor of Secretary of War Calhoun. The army gave a couple of white missionaries permission to build a cabin on the reservation in 1834, and the headman Cloud Man (Makh-pea Wechashta), Man of the Clouds (Ma-hpi-ya-wi-ca-sta) (L.O. Skyman) helped them select a site on the bluff to the east of Lake Calhoun. The cabin would stand until 1839-1840, when the village was abandoned during conflicts between the Lakota and the Ojibway tribes. In 1849 the land would be claimed for farming, although we suspect that the white family that staked the claim did not live on this farm south of Minneapolis for any great length of time because we know their children attended a city school at quite an inconvenient distance HDT WHAT? INDEX MAN OF THE CLOUDS MARPIYAWICASTA from Lake Calhoun. HDT WHAT? INDEX MARPIYAWICASTA MAN OF THE CLOUDS 1815 Wakaninajinwin Stands Sacred (or, Stands Like a Spirit) was born, a daughter of the headman Marpiyawicasta Man of the Clouds. She would be baptized as “Lucy.” LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD? — NO, THAT’S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN’S STORIES. LIFE ISN’T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Man of the Clouds HDT WHAT? INDEX MAN OF THE CLOUDS MARPIYAWICASTA 1819 October2: Marpiyawicasta Man of the Clouds was a Mdewakanton Santee Dakotah by birth and had become in his youth a Mdewakanton war chief entitled to wear six eagle plumes because he had killed six times in tribal warfare. He was thus on his way up the Dakotah social ladder, but while he was out hunting bison during the autumn bison season, he was surprised by one of those sudden snowstorms3 after which it is quite impossible to walk any distance, because it is utterly exhausting to lift your knees high enough. “The Buffalo Hunt” by Horace Pippin He lay in his bison robe covered by snow for three days, and evidently while lying there he thought to 2. One non-scholarly source which does not seem to have a lot going for it (but surmise) has asserted that this occurred about a decade later. 3. Based on the known lifestyle and migrations of the American bison, the 1st season for buffalo hunting would have been from the middle of June through July, and the 2d season during the months of September and October. HDT WHAT? INDEX MARPIYAWICASTA MAN OF THE CLOUDS himself: “Hey, man, get a life!” That is, he went on the equivalent of what in his culture was known and honored as a “vision quest,” and had occasion to reflect that six people had had to be killed, so that he as one person could wind up shivering and bored and starving on the white waste of the great plains. It was disproportionate, it didn’t make sense, it clearly wasn’t worth it. What he did was transform his life into that of an agriculturalist and pacifist.4 Much later, a white racist Minnesota observer of this would describe Marpiyawicasta’s involuntary vision quest, and the conversion to nonviolence which it had induced, in the following demeaning manner:5 According to the story usually told, Marpiyawichasta, or Cloud Man, war chief of Black Dog’s band on the lower Minnesota River, was caught in a blizzard on the plains while buffalo hunting. During the storm he indulged in some serious thinking upon the problem of food supply and determined to try agriculture. [Page 137 of a special issue of The Minnesota Archaeologist (Volume XI, #4, October 1945) put out by a racist named Willoughby M. Babcock, curator of the Minnesota Historical Society’s museum] Also in the American wild west, a lake near Fort Snelling was renamed “Lake Harriet” in honor of Harriet Lovejoy Leavenworth, the white wife of the white Colonel who was then in charge of the fort.6 This is a detail from “View of the site of Fort St. Anthony at the confluence of the Mississippi and St. Peters River.” “Green’s Villa” is nowhere mentioned in any of the documentation I have seen of this period although, intriguingly, it seems to have been on the exact site on which, later, the Pond brothers built their famous “first habitation in Minnesota” at the suggestion of Marpiyawicasta, when they came to “minister” the Dakotas of the Eatonville community. What, you may ask, was a fort doing at this location? There was no significant river traffic, since the idea of the steamboat would not come along for years, and then after the idea came along, it would be even more years before an actual steamboat sailed up to Mendota, the conjunction of the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Parker Adkins & Blue
    Parker Adkins & Blue Sky: Was Their Story Possible? June 2, 2017 / Parker Adkins (links removed) Researched & written by Sarah (Sallie) Burns Atkins Lilburn, Georgia June, 2017 INTRODUCTION Parker Adkins’s parents, William Atkinson (Adkins) and Elizabeth Parker were married on January 17, 1716, at St. John’s Church in Richmond, Virginia. One branch of Parker’s descendants has embraced the story that, in addition to the children he had with his wife, Mary, he had two children by a daughter of Chief Cornstalk named Blue Sky and when Blue Sky died, Parker took his two half-Shawnee children, Littleberry and Charity, home to his wife, Mary, who raised them along with their other children. No proof existed, one way or another, until 2016 when a direct female descendant of Charity Adkins was located and agreed to have her mitochondrial DNA analyzed. Mitochondrial DNA traces a female’s maternal ancestry, mother-to-mother-to-mother, back through time. The DNA came back as Haplogroup H, the most common female haplogroup in Europe. Charity’s mother was a white woman with mostly English and Irish ancestry. Many other women match her descendant’s DNA kit, all of them with the same basic ancestry. Some members of the Adkins family who have long embraced Blue Sky as their ancestor did not accept the DNA results so I researched and put together the following paper trail in an attempt to validate the story, beginning with Littleberry and Charity Adkins. This information was posted on the Adkins Facebook page over a period of time. I have consolidated the posts into one document – a future reference for everyone who has heard or is interested in this story.
    [Show full text]
  • Native American Context Statement and Reconnaissance Level Survey Supplement
    NATIVE AMERICAN CONTEXT STATEMENT AND RECONNAISSANCE LEVEL SURVEY SUPPLEMENT Prepared for The City of Minneapolis Department of Community Planning & Economic Development Prepared by Two Pines Resource Group, LLC FINAL July 2016 Cover Image Indian Tepees on the Site of Bridge Square with the John H. Stevens House, 1852 Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society (Neg. No. 583) Minneapolis Pow Wow, 1951 Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society (Neg. No. 35609) Minneapolis American Indian Center 1530 E Franklin Avenue NATIVE AMERICAN CONTEXT STATEMENT AND RECONNAISSANCE LEVEL SURVEY SUPPLEMENT Prepared for City of Minneapolis Department of Community Planning and Economic Development 250 South 4th Street Room 300, Public Service Center Minneapolis, MN 55415 Prepared by Eva B. Terrell, M.A. and Michelle M. Terrell, Ph.D., RPA Two Pines Resource Group, LLC 17711 260th Street Shafer, MN 55074 FINAL July 2016 MINNEAPOLIS NATIVE AMERICAN CONTEXT STATEMENT AND RECONNAISSANCE LEVEL SURVEY SUPPLEMENT This project is funded by the City of Minneapolis and with Federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. The contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior. This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability in its federally assisted programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Seth Eastman's Water Colors
    SOURCES FOR NORTHWEST HISTORY SETH EASTMAN'S WATER COLORS THAT AN ARMY OFFICER who has been characterized as "the master painter of the North American Indian" was stationed at Fort Snelling for some seven years in the 1830's and 1840's and served at four different times as Its com­ mandant is perhaps known to few present-day Minnesotans. They visit Washington, gaze upon the canvases of Seth Eastman in the Capitol and in the Corcoran Gallery, and fail to appreciate the fact that many of them are based upon sketches made in their home state In pre-territorial days. And doubtless, too, they fail to realize that to see original work by Eastman they need only visit the James Jerome Hill Reference Library in St. Paul, which has In Its collec­ tions no less than sixty water colors by this distinguished artist of the western frontier.^ Eastman was twenty-one years of age when he was grad­ uated from the United States Military Academy at West Point In July, 1829, attached to the First Infantry as a sec­ ond lieutenant, and sent to Fort Crawford, at Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. There he began sketching the scenery and the natives, an avocation that he continued when he was transferred to Fort Snelling In the following year. He did not remain long at the Minnesota post, for In 1831 he was assigned to topographical duty. From 1833 to 1840 East­ man served as a teacher of drawing at West Point, and In ^ Oil paintings of Minnesota scenes by Eastman are owned by the Minnesota Historical Society and by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Seth Eastman, a Portfolio of North American Indians Desperately Needed for Repairs
    RAMSEY COUNTY The Bungalow Craze And How It Swept A Publication of the Ramsey County Historical Society The Twin Cities— Page 15 Winter, 1996 Volume 30, Number 4 St. Paul Curling Club’s Colorful History The St. Paul Curling Club in 1892, a sketch by T. de Thulstrup for Harper’s Weekly. See page 4 for the history of curling in S t Paul. RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY Executive Director Priscilla Famham Editor Virginia Brainard Kunz WARREN SCHABER 1 9 3 3 - 1 9 9 5 RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY The Ramsey County Historical Society lost a BOARD OF DIRECTORS good friend when Ramsey County Commis­ Joanne A. Englund sioner Warren Schaber died last October Chairman of the Board at the age of sixty-two. John M. Lindley CONTENTS The Society came President to know him well Laurie Zehner 3 Letters during the twenty First Vice President years he served on Judge Margaret M. Mairinan the Board of Ramsey Second Vice President 4 Bonspiels, Skips, Rinks, Brooms, and Heavy Ice County Commission­ Richard A. Wilhoit St. Paul Curling Club and Its Century-old History Secretary ers. We were warmed by his steady support James Russell Jane McClure Treasurer of the Society and its work. Arthur Baumeister, Jr., Alexandra Bjorklund, 15 The Bungalows of the Twin Cities, With a Look Mary Bigelow McMillan, Andrew Boss, A thoughtful Warren We remember the Thomas Boyd, Mark Eisenschenk, Howard At the Craze that Created Them in St. Paul Schaber at his first County big things: the long Guthmann, John Harens, Marshall Hatfield, Board meeting, January 6, series of badly- Liz Johnson, George Mairs, III, Mary Bigelow Brian McMahon 1975.
    [Show full text]
  • Phase I Archaeological Survey Report Summarizing the Results of Tasks 1-5
    CONTRACT PUBLICATION SERIES: WV08-70 PHASE I ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE BEECH RIDGE WIND ENERGY PROJECT & ASSOCIATED TRANSMISSION SUPPORT LINE, GREENBRIER AND NICHOLAS COUNTIES, WEST VIRGINIA Authored By: Jamie S. Meece, RPA & Aaron O. Smith, RPA Submitted to: Mr. Erik Duncan Beech Ridge Energy LLC 7564 Standish Place, Suite 123 Rockville, Maryland 20855 Submitted by: Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc. 3556 Teays Valley Road, Suite 3 Hurricane, West Virginia 25526 Phone: (304) 562-7233 Fax: (304) 562-7235 Website: www.crai-ky.com CRAI Project No.: W08P004 ______________________________ C. Michael Anslinger, RPA Principal Investigator January 28, 2009 Lead Agency: West Virginia Public Service Commission, Case #.: 05-1590-E-CS West Virginia State Historic Preservation Office FR #.: 06-147-GB-23 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Cultural Resource Analyst, Inc. conducted a Phase I archaeological survey for the proposed Beech Ridge Wind Energy project and associated Transmission Support Line in Greenbrier and Nicholas counties, West Virginia. The survey was completed under contract with Potesta & Associates, Inc. on the behalf of Beech Ridge Energy LLC. The records search for this project was completed on July 17, 2008, and the field investigation was conducted between August 25 and September 26, 2008. The area for the Phase I survey was considered the direct Area of Potential Effect. The direct Area of Potential Effect to archaeological sites was defined as the footprint of proposed ground disturbing activities, which includes the development of a wind turbine power generating facility, new access roads, access roads requiring upgrade, a substation, an operation and maintenance facility, and a transmission line. Systematic survey resulted in the identification of six newly recorded archaeological sites; 46Gb445, 46Gb446, 46Gb447, 46Gb448, 46Gb449, and 46Gb450.
    [Show full text]
  • Little Crow Historic Canoe Route
    Taoyateduta Minnesota River HISTORIC water trail BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA Twin Valley Council U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 AUGUST 17, 1862 The TA-OYA-TE DUTA Fish and Wildlife Minnesota River Historic Water Four Dakota men kill five settlers The Minnesota River Basin is a Trail, is an 88 mile water route at Acton in Meeker County birding paradise. The Minnesota stretching from just south of AUGUST 18 River is a haven for bird life and Granite Falls to New Ulm, Minne- several species of waterfowl and War begins with attack on the sota. The river route is named af- riparian birds use the river corri- Lower Sioux Agency and other set- ter Taoyateduta (Little Crow), the dor for nesting, breeding, and rest- tlements; ambush and battle at most prominent Dakota figure in ing during migration. More than the U.S.-Dakota War of 1862. Redwood Ferry. Traders stores 320 species have been recorded in near Upper Sioux Agency attacked the Minnesota River Valley. - The Minnesota River - AUGUST 19 Beneath the often grayish and First attack on New Ulm leading to The name Minnesota is a Da- cloudy waters of the Minnesota its evacuation; Sibley appointed kota word translated variously as River, swim a diverse fish popula- "sky-tinted water” or “cloudy-sky tion. The number of fish species commander of U.S. troops water". The river is gentle and and abundance has seen a signifi- AUGUST 20 placid for most of its course and cant rebound over the last several First Fort Ridgely attack. one will encounter only a few mi- years.
    [Show full text]
  • OLD FORT SNELLING from a Painting by Captain Seth Eastman
    OLD FORT SNELLING From a painting by Captain Seth Eastman, reproduced in Mrs. Eastman's Dahcotah; or, Life and Legends of the Sioux around Fort Snelling OLD FORT SNELLING OLD FORT SNELLING 1819–1858 BY MARCUS L. HANSEN PUBLISHED AT IOWA CITY IOWA IN 1918 BY THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF IOWA THE TORCH PRESS CEDAR RAPIDS IOWA EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION [v] The establishment in 1917 of a camp at Fort Snelling for the training of officers for the army has aroused curiosity in the history of Old Fort Snelling. Again as in the days of the pioneer settlement of the Northwest the Fort at the junction of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers has become an object of more than ordinary interest. Old Fort Snelling was established in 1819 within the Missouri Territory on ground which later became a part of the Territory of Iowa. Not until 1849 was it included within Minnesota boundaries. Linked with the early annals of Missouri, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, and the Northwest, the history of Old Fort Snelling is the common heritage of many commonwealths in the Upper Mississippi Valley. The period covered in this volume begins with the establishment of the Fort in 1819 and ends with the temporary abandonment of the site as a military post in 1858. BENJ. F. SHAMBAUGH OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT AND EDITOR THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF IOWA IOWA CITY IOWA [vi] AUTHOR'S PREFACE [vii] The position which the military post holds in western history is sometimes misunderstood. So often has a consideration of it been left to the novelist's pen that romantic glamour has obscured the permanent contribution made by many a lonely post to the development of the surrounding region.
    [Show full text]
  • Saint Paul African American Historic and Cultural Context, 1837 to 1975
    SAINT PAUL AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORIC AND CULTURAL CONTEXT, 1837 TO 1975 Ramsey County, Minnesota May 2017 SAINT PAUL AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORIC AND CULTURAL CONTEXT, 1837 TO 1975 Ramsey County, Minnesota MnHPO File No. Pending 106 Group Project No. 2206 SUBMITTED TO: Aurora Saint Anthony Neighborhood Development Corporation 774 University Avenue Saint Paul, MN 55104 SUBMITTED BY: 106 Group 1295 Bandana Blvd. #335 Saint Paul, MN 55108 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Nicole Foss, M.A. REPORT AUTHORS: Nicole Foss, M.A. Kelly Wilder, J.D. May 2016 This project has been financed in part with funds provided by the State of Minnesota from the Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund through the Minnesota Historical Society. Saint Paul African American Historic and Cultural Context ABSTRACT Saint Paul’s African American community is long established—rooted, yet dynamic. From their beginnings, Blacks in Minnesota have had tremendous impact on the state’s economy, culture, and political development. Although there has been an African American presence in Saint Paul for more than 150 years, adequate research has not been completed to account for and protect sites with significance to the community. One of the objectives outlined in the City of Saint Paul’s 2009 Historic Preservation Plan is the development of historic contexts “for the most threatened resource types and areas,” including immigrant and ethnic communities (City of Saint Paul 2009:12). The primary objective for development of this Saint Paul African American Historic and Cultural Context Project (Context Study) was to lay a solid foundation for identification of key sites of historic significance and advancing preservation of these sites and the community’s stories.
    [Show full text]
  • Forty Years with the Sioux / by Stephen R. Riggs
    MARY AND I. FORTY YEARS WITH THE Sioux. BY STEPHEN R. RIGGS, D.D., LL D., Missionary of the A. B. C. F. M; and Author of " Dakota Grammar and Dictionary," and " Gospel Among the Dakotas," etc. WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY REV. S. C. BARTLETT, D.D., President of Dartmouth College. CHICAGO: W. G. HOLMES, 77 MADISON STREET. Copyrighted, March, 1880. BY STEPHEN R. RIGOS. Blakely, Brown & Manh, Printer*, 155 and 157 Dearborn St. TO MY CHILDREN, ALFRED, ISABELLA, MARTHA, ANNA, THOMAS, HENRY, ROBERT, CORNELIA AND EDNA ; Together with all the GRANDCHILDREN Growing up into the MISSIONARY INHERITANCE OF THEIR FATHERS AND MOTHERS, This Book is inscribed, By the Author. PREFACE. PREFACE. This book I have INSCRIBED to my own family. be of interest to them, as, in part, a history of their father and mother, in the toils, and sacrifices, and rewards, of commencing and carrying forward the work of evangeliz- ing the Dakota people. Many others, who are interested in the uplifting of the Red Men, may be glad to obtain glimpses, in these pages, of the inside of Missionary Life in what was, not long since, the Far West; and to trace the threads of the inweaving of a Christ-life into the lives of many of the Sioux nation. "Why don't you tell more about yourselves?" is a question, which, in various forms, has been often asked me, during these last four decades. Partly as the answer to questions of that kind, this book assumes somewhat the form of a personal narrative. Years ago it was an open secret, that our good and noble friend, SECRETARY S.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft—Do Not Cite Without Permission of the Author
    Draft—Do not cite without permission of the author Chapter I: The Contradictions of American Democracy in the Antebellum Years: The Inadequacy of the Constitution; The Rise of the Anti-Slavery and Woman’s Rights Movements Between 1815 and 1860, the new nation consolidated its identity and expanded its boundaries.1 This was a time of economic growth and internal improvements.2 The antebellum era witnessed a “transformation” of the private law of torts, contracts, property, and commercial law that has been said to have unleashed “emergent entrepreneurial and commercial groups to win a disproportionate share of wealth and power in American society,” all in the name of promoting economic growth.3 These years also witnessed significant democratization of the American polity. Even though the new nation’s charter incorporated the revolutionary principle of “popular sovereignty” or the consent of the governed, its political structures and practices had been designed to be far from democratic in the beginning.4 After 1815, however, the spreading trend in the states toward universal white adult male suffrage accelerated significantly, culminating with the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828.5 The people and party operatives who put this man of humble origins into the White House poured into Washington D.C. for his inauguration. “Never before had an American ceremony of state turned into such a democratic and charismatic spectacle.”6 From the perspective of divisions between the social classes, Jacksonianism represented important gains for egalitarian thinking in politics.7 The subsequent decades before the Civil War saw a flowering of reform ferment in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Cvr Design V2.Ai
    ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EARLY AND LATE FORT ANCIENT HOWARD SITE (15MA427), MADISON COUNTY, KENTUCKY By David Pollack and Eric J. Schlarb With Contributions By: C. Brian Mabelitini Emanuel Breitburg Rick Burdin Jack Rossen Wesley D. Stoner Kentucky Archaeological Survey Jointly Administered By: University of Kentucky Kentucky Heritage Council KAS Report No. 151 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EARLY AND LATE FORT ANCIENT HOWARD SITE (15MA427), MADISON COUNTY, KENTUCKY KAS Report No. 151 By David Pollack and Eric J. Schlarb With Contributions by: C. Brian Mabelitini Emanuel Breitburg Rick Burdin Jack Rossen Wesley D. Stoner Report Prepared for: James Howard Richmond Industrial Development Corporation Report Submitted by: Kentucky Archaeological Survey Jointly Administered by: University of Kentucky Kentucky Heritage Council 1020A Export Street Lexington, Kentucky 40506-9854 859/257-5173 February 2009 __________________________ David Pollack Principal Investigator ABSTRACT The Howard site contains the remains of an early Fort Ancient hamlet and a late Fort Ancient/Contact period village. The early Fort Ancient component is represented by Jessamine Series ceramic and Type 2 Fine Triangular projectile points, while the late Fort Ancient component is represented by Madisonville series ceramics, Type 4 and Type 6 Fine Triangular projectile points, and unifacial and bifacial endscrapers. The presence of a marginella shell bead and mica fragments reflect long distance interaction with groups living to the south, and the recovery of a glass bead and a copper bead points to interaction with Europeans. Based on the presence of intact subplowzone deposits associated with both components, and the recovery of human remains, the Howard site is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life and Times of Cloud Man a Dakota Leader Faces His Changing World
    RAMSEY COUNTY All Under $11,000— The Growing Pains of Two ‘Queen Amies’ A Publication o f the Ramsey County Historical Society Page 25 Spring, 2001 Volume 36, Number 1 The Life and Times of Cloud Man A Dakota Leader Faces His Changing World George Catlin’s painting, titled “Sioux Village, Lake Calhoun, near Fort Snelling.” This is Cloud Man’s village in what is now south Minneapolis as it looked to the artist when he visited Lake Calhoun in the summer of 1836. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Gift of Mrs. Joseph Harrison, Jr. See article beginning on page 4. RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY Executive Director Priscilla Farnham Editor Virginia Brainard Kunz RAMSEY COUNTY Volume 36, Number 1 Spring, 2001 HISTORICAL SOCIETY BOARD OF DIRECTORS Howard M. Guthmann CONTENTS Chair James Russell 3 Letters President Marlene Marschall 4 A ‘Good Man’ in a Changing World First Vice President Cloud Man, the Dakota Leader, and His Life and Times Ronald J. Zweber Second Vice President Mark Dietrich Richard A. Wilhoit Secretary 25 Growing Up in St. Paul Peter K. Butler All for Under $11,000: ‘Add-ons,’ ‘Deductions’ Treasurer The Growing Pains of Two ‘Queen Annes’ W. Andrew Boss, Peter K. Butler, Norbert Conze- Bob Garland mius, Anne Cowie, Charlotte H. Drake, Joanne A. Englund, Robert F. Garland, John M. Harens, Rod Hill, Judith Frost Lewis, John M. Lindley, George A. Mairs, Marlene Marschall, Richard T. Publication of Ramsey County History is supported in part by a gift from Murphy, Sr., Richard Nicholson, Linda Owen, Clara M. Claussen and Frieda H. Claussen in memory of Henry H.
    [Show full text]