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Alexandra Catarina Vicente Do Coito Alexandra Catarina Vicente do Coito THE HANDMAID´S TALE: THE ADAPTATION AND ITS SOCIAL IMPACT Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos de Cultura, Literatura e Línguas Modernas, Ramo de Estudos Ingleses e Americanos, orientada pela Professora Doutora Isabel Caldeira, apresentada ao Departamento de Línguas, Literaturas e Culturas da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra. Outubro de 2020 FACULDADE DE LETRAS THE HANDMAID´S TALE: THE ADAPTATION AND ITS SOCIAL IMPACT Ficha Técnica Tipo de trabalho Dissertação Título The Handmaid´s Tale: The Adaptation and its Social Impact Autor/a Alexandra Catarina Vicente do Coito Orientador/a(s) Professora Doutora Isabel Caldeira Júri Presidente: Doutora Adriana Conceição Silva Pereira Bebiano Vogais: 1. Doutora Maria Isabel Carvalho Gomes Caldeira Sampaio dos Aidos 2. Doutora Maria José Florentino Mendes Canelo Identificação do Curso 2º Ciclo em Estudos de Cultura, Literatura e Línguas Modernas Área científica Línguas, Literaturas e Culturas Especialidade/Ramo Estudos Ingleses e Americanos Data da defesa 14-12-2020 Classificação 18 valores ii The Handmaid´s Tale: a adaptação e o seu impacto social RESUMO: A série “The Handmaid´s Tale”, criada pela Hulu em 2016, é uma adaptação do romance com o mesmo nome, escrito por Margaret Atwood, publicado em 1985. A história apresenta como um regime religioso autocrata, Gilead, subiu ao poder nos Estados Unidos. O livro é considerado um dos trabalhos mais importantes da literatura feminista, refletindo a segunda onda do movimento feminista e da oposição que surgiu no rescaldo desta. A série expande a representação de personagens femininas e os temas feministas. A adaptação diferencia-se da sua fonte por refletir movimentos feministas como heterogéneos, por se focar na importância da solidariedade e cooperação entre as mulheres e por expandir a mensagem de urgência na luta pelos seus direitos. A eleição do Presidente Trump em 2016 trouxe a aprovação de legislação que restringe o aborto e a nomeação de novos juízes conservadores para o Supremo Tribunal. Como consequência, 2017 foi marcado por um novo despertar da luta pelos direitos das mulheres. A série reflete este momento e cria correspondências entre Gilead e a sociedade atual, especialmente em relação às consequências da passividade e falta de mobilização pela igualdade no surgimento de políticas que põem em causa os direitos adquiridos. Transformando personagens em heroínas capazes de inspirar outras mulheres a nível global, elevando o manto vermelho a um símbolo poderoso de protesto e motivando grupos em redes sociais onde os fãs da série formam comunidades, a primeira temporada de “The Handmaid´s Tale” criou ferramentas que têm inspirado protestos, produções culturais e continuado a discussão pública em torno dos seus temas. Com uma mensagem moldada ao momento atual, a série expande as referências históricas do livro e, juntas, criam um quadro de referência para os diferentes períodos da história em que as mulheres viram os seus direitos em perigo. Com uma história adaptada e um novo media, a série é agora referenciada em todo um mundo para criticar mudanças políticas e sociais através da perspetiva dos direitos das mulheres. Palavras-chave: adaptação; The Handmaid´s Tale; feminismo; distopia; iii The Handmaid´s Tale: a adaptação e o seu impacto socialtotalitarismo, streaming. iv The Handmaid´s Tale: The Adaptation and its Social Impact ABSTRACT: The series “The Handmaid´s Tale”, created by Hulu in 2016, is an adaptation of the novel with the same name written by Margaret Atwood, published in 1985. The story follows how a religious autocratic regime, Gilead, would come to power in the United States. The book is one of the most famous pieces of feminist literature, reflecting on the second wave feminist movement and the opposition to women´s equality that arose in its aftermath. The series extends the representation of female characters and feminist themes. The adaptation however updates the reflection of feminist movements as heterogenous, focuses on the importance of solidarity and cooperation between women and expands on the message of urgency in fighting for women´s rights. With the election of President Trump in 2016, there was a new push for restrictive abortion laws and the nomination of new conservative judges to the Supreme Court. As a result, 2017 was marked for a new awakening to women´s equality. The series reflects on this moment and creates an analogy between Gilead and the current society, emphasizing the consequences of passiveness and the lack of movements for social equality when face with new legislation that puts previous earn rights at risk. Elevating the series characters as heroines prone to inspire, catapulting the red cloak as a powerful symbol of protest and creating communities on social media, the first season of the “Handmaid´s Tale” has created tools that inspire protests, cultural production and the continuation of the discussion around the series themes. With topical themes, the series adds to the book historical influences and together they create a frame of reference to the different periods in history where women have seen their rights being in peril. With the adapted story and the new media, the series symbols are now used worldwide to criticize political and social changes through the lenses of women´s equality. Keywords: adaptation; The Handmaid´s Tale; feminism; dystopia, totalitarian regimes, streaming. iv Table of contents Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 1. Chapter One: theory of adaptation ......................................................... 10 1. 1. Adaptation ..................................................................................................... 10 1.2. Streaming .......................................................................................... 13 1.3. Representation on screen ............................................................................ 16 1. 4. Precedent: abortion, birth control and feminist movements ...................... 22 2. ................................................................................................................................ Ch apter Two: comparative analysis of the novel and the series.......................... 34 2.1. ......................................................................................................................... Th e Handmaid’s Tale: comparative analysis of the novel and the adaptation ... 38 2.1. Violence ............................................................................................ 50 2.2. Male characters ................................................................................... 53 2.3. Music ............................................................................................... 55 2.4. Food ................................................................................................ 56 2.5. Representation ....................................................................................... 58 2.6. Race ................................................................................................ 60 2.7. LGBT+ .............................................................................................. 62 2.8. Feminism .......................................................................................... 63 2.9. Motherhood........................................................................................ 67 2.2. Book precedent .............................................................................................. 70 3. Chapter Three: the reception to the adaptation and its impact on politics and culture ...........................................................................................74 3.1. Series precedent ............................................................................................. 74 3.2. ...................................................................................................................................... Wo men’s marches .................................................................................... 76 3.3. ...................................................................................................................................... Han dmaids’ protests ...................................................................................... 77 3.4. ...................................................................................................................................... #M etoo ................................................................................................. 84 3.5. ...................................................................................................................................... Phy llis Schlafly, Serena Joy & Ivanka Trump ............................................................ 85 3.6. ...................................................................................................................................... The red clock: a symbol ................................................................................ 87 3.7. ...................................................................................................................................... Soc ial media and culture ................................................................................. 90 Conclusion.......................................................................................96 Bibliography.....................................................................................
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