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WOMEN GENDER& NO. 1 2021 RESEARCH #MeToo, Discrimination & Backlash WOMEN GENDER& RESEARCH VOL. 30, NO. 1 2021 WOMEN, GENDER & RESEARCH is an academic, peer-reviewed journal that: • Presents original interdisciplinary research concerning feminist theory, gender, power, and inequality, both globally and locally • Promotes theoretical and methodological debates within gender research • Invites both established and early career scholars within the fi eld to submit articles • Publishes two issue per year. All research articles go through a double-blind peer-review process by two or more peer reviewers WOMEN, GENDER & RESEARCH welcomes: • Research articles and essays from scholars around the globe • Opinion pieces, comments and other relevant material • Book reviews and notices about new PhDs within the fi eld Articles: 5000-7000 words (all included) Essays or opinion pieces: 3900 words (all included) Book reviews: 1200 words (all included) Please contact us for further guidelines. SPECIAL ISSUE EDITORS EDITOR IN CHIEF Lea Skewes Morten Hillgaard Bülow, PhD, Coordination for Gen- Molly Occhino der Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Lise Rolandsen Agustín EDITORS Kathrine Bjerg Bennike, PhD-candidate, Depart- Lea Skewes, PhD, Post-Doc, Business and Social ment of Politics and Society, Aalborg University, Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark Denmark Tobias Skiveren, PhD, Assistant Professor, School Camilla Bruun Eriksen, PhD, Assistant Professor, of Communication and Culture, Aarhus Univer- Department for the Study of Culture, University sity, Denmark of Southern Denmark, Denmark Nanna Bonde Thylstrup, PhD, Associate Professor, Sebastian Mohr, PhD, Senior Lecturer, Centre for Department of Management, Society, and Com- Gender Studies, Karlstad University, Sverige munication, Copenhagen Business School, Sara Louise Muhr, PhD, Professor, Department of Denmark Organization, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark COVER ILLUSTRATION © Rebelicious. Dajo is a multifaceted artist, working with anything from fi ne art to avant-garde wearables and scenography. He is a trans masculine artist with a love for anything bizarre. His work includes performance art, under the name of Rebelicious, giving you queerness, bizarre looks and storytelling. Instagram:ɸ@rebel_icious. ADVISORY BOARD Signe Arnfred (Roskilde University), Agnes Arnórsdottir (Aarhus University), Annette Borchorst (Aalborg University), Drude Dahlerup (Stockholm University), Lise Drewes (Roskilde University), Dag Heede (Uni- versity of Southern Denmark), Elin Kvande (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Nina Lykke (Linköping University), Randi Markussen (IT University of Denmark), Diana Mulinari (Lund University), Petter Næss (Aalborg University), Klaus Petersen (University of Southern Denmark), Birgit Petersson (Copenhagen University), Gertrud Pfi ster (Copenhagen University), Birgitte Possing (The State Archives, Denmark), Bente Rosenbeck (Copenhagen University), Tiina Rosenberg (Stockholm University), Anne Scott Sørensen (Uni- versity of Southern Denmark), Birte Siim (Aalborg University), Nina Smith (Aarhus University), Dorte Marie Søndergaard (Aarhus University), Mette Verner (Aarhus University), Anette Warring (Roskilde University). EDITORIAL SECRETARY BOOK REVIEW EDITORS Morten Hillgaard Bülow, PhD, Coordination for Gen- Mathilda Ernberg der Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Mathias Klitgård CONTACT LAYOUT Coordinationen for Gender Research Kasper Monty, www.monty.dk Department of Sociology University of Copenhagen Øster Farimagsgade 5 DK-1014 København K http://koensforskning.soc.ku.dk https://tidsskrift.dk/KKF/index e-mail: [email protected] Women, Gender & Research is supported by the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen. ISSN-online: 2245-6937 © The author(s) hold the copyright to their own work without restriction OPEN ACCESS POLICY Articles published in Women, Gender & Research are made freely available online (https://tidsskrift.dk/ KKF/index) in the accepted version, formatted in the journal’s layout, immediately following publication. The journal does not charge any fees for the publication of articles or any other part of the editorial process. CREATIVE COMMONS BY-NC (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). CONTENT INTRODUCTION MAKING RIPPLES AND WAVES THROUGH FEMINIST KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION AND ACTIVISM by Lea Skewes, Molly Occhino & Lise Rolandsen Agustín 5 INTERVIEW FEMINIST RESEARCH IN MISOGYNISTIC TIMES An Interview with Drude Dahlerup by Lea Skewes 15 ARTICLES WRITING VICTIMHOOD A Methodological Manifesto for Researching Digital Sexual Assault by Signe Uldbjerg 27 CAUGHT IN THE WAVE? Sexual Harassment, Sexual Violence, and the #MeToo Movement in Portugal by Ana Prata 40 ESSAYS TOWARDS DECOLONISING COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES by Abeba Birhane & Olivia Guest 60 ME, WHO? (Un)telling Whiteness within and beyond MeToo by Elisabeth Bruun Gullach & Maya Acharya 74 ACADEMICS AGAINST GENDER STUDIES Science Populism as Part of an Authoritarian Anti-feminist Hegemony Project by Marion Näser-Lather 77 QUESTIONING NORMAL Overcoming Implicit Resistance to Norm Critical Education by Liv Moeslund Ahlgren & Ehm Hjorth Miltersen 85 Women, Gender & Research03 No. 1 2021 IS THE GENDER BINARY SYSTEM A BIOLOGICAL FACT OR A SOCIAL NORM? Modifi ed Chapter from the Book “Inappropriate Behaviour” (Upassende Opførsel) by Mads Ananda Lodahl 91 BOOK REVIEWS MAPPING THE MOVEMENTS AGAINST “GENDER IDEOLOGY” ACROSS EUROPE Roman Kuhar and David Paternotte (Eds): Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe: Mobilizing against Equality by Molly Occhino 99 THE USES OF USE Sara Ahmed: What’s the Use. On the Uses of Use by Camilla Sabroe Jydebjerg 101 DID MISOGYNY WIN THE 2016 AMERICAN ELECTION? Kate Manne: Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny by Sidsel Jelved Kennild 104 IS DEMOCRACY A RULE BY AND FOR MEN? Drude Dahlerup: Demokrati uden Kvinder by Mathilde Cecchini 107 Women, Gender & Research04 No. 1 2021 INTRODUCTION Making Ripples and Waves through Feminist Knowledge Production and Activism by Lea Skewes, Molly Occhino & Lise Rolandsen Agustín “A feminist movement is a collective political movement. Many feminisms mean many movements. A collective is what does not stand still but creates and is created by movement. I think of feminist action as ripples in water, a small wave, possibly created by agitation from weather; here, there each move- ment making another possible, another ripple, outward, reaching.” (Ahmed, 2007, 3) We took on this special issue “#MeToo, Discrimi- fi ghting for greater inclusion of women, people of nation and Backlash” in order to draw attention to colour, trans or queer people; and that this strug- different feminist researchers’ and activists’ efforts gle typically has been met with backlash. Often to start these ripple effects within their fi eld and the backlash has been especially harsh when within their worlds. We wanted to help them grow people with minority identities have explicitly chal- their ripple effects into larger waves, making the lenged currently privileged people. Therefore, the rings of the ripples reach even farther. But we also explicit challenge to privileges is central to this wanted to draw attention to how feminist knowled- special issue. We hope to strengthen the academ- ge production often comes up against institutiona- ic voices which challenge patriarchal, masculine, lised backlash or brick walls (Ahmed 2017). white, cis-, and heteronormative norms, which for Ahmed’s concept of brick walls captures so long have been the invisible backdrop from that institutionalised habits and norms can be- which everyone else in academia has been cast come cemented to such an extent that challenging as deviant outsiders (Ahmed 2012; Butler, 1990; them feels like banging your head against a brick Crenshaw, 1989). Therefore, we strive to bring out wall. This is, unfortunately, a common experience the internal confl icts and discriminatory process- amongst many feminist researchers and activists. es within knowledge production in academia, and We aim to discuss this cementing of institutional feminist activism more broadly, in order to create habits into brick walls, and the affective experien- knowledge production spaces which are more in- ces of coming up against them. We wanted not clusive, giving voice to many feminisms. only to trouble institutionalised habits and norms Therefore, we invited articles and essays (Butler 1990; Ahmed 2017), but also to stay with from people who engaged with #MeToo, sexual that trouble (Haraway 2016) as a collective politi- assault, and feminist activism inside and outside cal movement advocating for change. of academia. We invited people to describe their The base assumption of this special issue is own experiences, shaped by their own positionali- that feminists’ come up against brick walls when ty, in order to capture the backlash they have come Women, Gender & Research05 No. 1 2021 Introduction up against when they dare to challenge academic The hashtag, however, did not go viral until it was or societal norms. This resulted in work by people picked up by the white Hollywood actress Alyssa who challenged sexism, racism, colonialism, hete- Milano, who encouraged others to use the hastag ronormativity and cis-/hetero-normativity. The in- in order to document the extend of the problem tention was to invite researchers and activists (Mendes, Ringrose, & Keller 2018). Immediately to join us in a collaborative killjoy effort (Ahmed after this re-launch of the hashtag, initiated by a 2010) in which we
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