The Ol’ Pioneer The Magazine of the Grand Canyon Historical Society

Volume 22 : Number1 www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Winter 2011

In This Issue

An Anecdote ...... 3 The Tail That Wagged The President ...... 4 President’s Letter The Ol’ Pioneer The Magazine of the Happy New Year everybody! And a busy year it shall be. Plans and prepa- Grand Canyon Historical Society rations are well under way for the next Grand Canyon History Symposium in Volume 22 : Number 1 January 2012. This symposium is particularly important as it will coincide with Winter 2011 the Grand Canyon state’s centennial celebration. Look for a Call for Papers later this spring, registration in the fall and more information throughout the year. u I would like to recognize Lee Albertson for all of his hard work coordinating The Historical Society was established activities as well as the numerous other GCHS volunteers that have stepped in July 1984 as a non-profit corporation forward to take on various roles supporting the symposium. to develop and promote appreciation, The last year has seen some big changes. At the park, the new Trail of Time under-standing and education of the geologic exhibit tells the canyon’s history on an epoch scale. With the Grand earlier history of the inhabitants and Canyon Historical Society, we have started putting back issues of the Ol’ Pio- important events of the Grand Canyon. neer online for easier access by researchers (the latest hardcopy versions are The Ol’ Pioneer is published by the only available to members) and we have automated the membership renewal GRAND CANYON HISTORICAL process with an online option on our website. As the GCHS President, I wel- SOCIETY in conjunction with The come and encourage any suggestions, requests or ideas for society activities or Bulletin, an informational newsletter. ways to make the organization even more active, useful and above all… fun! Both publications are a benefit of membership. Membership in the Society Feel free to contact me via email at [email protected]. is open to any person interested in the historical, educational, and charitable Here’s to a great new year… see you on the trail! purposes of the Society. Membership is on an annual basis using the standard Erik Berg calendar; and dues of $20 are payable on the 1st of January each year, and GCHS President mailed to the GCHS Treasurer, PO Box 31405 Flagstaff, AZ 86002. The Ol’ Pioneer magazine is copyrighted by the Grand Canyon Historical Society, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form without permission of the publisher.

Editor: Mary Williams Submit photos and stories to the editor of The Ol’ Pioneer at: mary@ marywilliamsdesign.com or 4880 N Weatherford Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001. (928) 779-3377. Please submit written articles and photos electronically on CD or via email if possible. You may mail photos or slides for scanning if needed.

Submissions to The Bulletin should be sent to Karen Greig, [email protected]

GCHS Officers Erik Berg, President John Azar, Vice President Keith Green, Treasurer Amy Horn, Secretary Kirsten Heins, Pioneer Award Cover: President and Mrs. Harding, and Laddie Boy at the White House, 1923. Al Richmond, Awards Chair All photos from the Library of Congress. Paul Schnur, Membership Committee John Azar, Outings Coordinator

Board of Directors Karen Greig Howard Asaki Kristin Heins John Azar Mona McCroskey The Ol’ Pioneer submission deadlines are going to be roughly January, April, Erik Berg Carol Naille July and October and we will publish either three or four issues a year, de- Jackie Brown Adair Peterson Keith Green Paul Schnur pending on content volume.

2 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org An Anecdote by Dove Menkes

ddie McKee (1906-1984) was a ranger at the Grand Canyon. In 1938 he became associated with theE Museum of Arizona and later taught at the University of Arizona. In the 1950s he worked for the USGS. He was not only an expert in geology, but in all aspects of Natural History. He wrote hundreds of articles and many books.1 McKee, of course, knew many Grand Canyon “characters.” The following is a tale by McKee.2

“The Perfect Combination”

Shorty Yarborough was a long- time mule packer on the trails of Grand Canyon during the tourist season and a prospector for gold, mostly in the Superstition Mountains of central Arizona, in the winter and spring. He understood mules thor- oughly and was basically as rugged as a mule, unfazed by heat or storm and at home on the roughest trail. Much of his summer work consisted of packing food and other supplies from the South Rim to Phantom Ranch—the famous over-night resort on Bright Angel Creek at the bottom of the Grand Canyon. One warm summer evening when I happened to be at Phantom Ranch with a group of geologist, enjoying the breeze around the pool, Shorty took a seat next to mine and soon en- gaged me in a discussion of gold ore Shorty Yarborough, courtesy of Mr. Stimson, who was with the CCC at the Grand Canyon. and how it could be recognized. This subject, of course, was high in his in- terests since part of each year he was engaged in prospecting. Later the same evening Shorty was talking To my wife, Barbara, and referred to some “pointers” that I had given him regarding the genesis of gold. He stated, “I think that I would 1 For a biography see: Earle E. Spamer, “Rock Stars, Grand Vision of Edwin C. be a millionaire if I had his brains and McKee,” GSA Today, November 1999. my ability.” 2 McKee, E.D. Collection, “Anecdotes,” USGS Field Records Library.

www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 3 The Tail That Wagged The President by Don Lago before President Harding for fi- terrier Jumbo is posted in scrap nal settlement. books of many dog lovers, de- addy the puppy ran after his The Grand Canyon Nation- cided in favor of the postmaster red ball as it bounced toward al Park is under the jurisdiction retaining his dog, but an excep- the trees. Paddy loved playing of the Interior Department, tion was taken to this ruling. withP his red ball, more than chasing which has a strict regulation The President withdrew his squirrels, bunnies, or birds. Paddy against all dogs in national res- decision and announced that could never catch squirrels, bunnies, ervations, an order designed he would not settle the dispute or birds, but he always caught—or to protect wild life. There is a until further information about caught up with—his red ball. And postmaster on this reservation. the dog reaches Washington. playing with his red ball meant that He is a lonely soul who prefers he was playing with his human, the pets more domesticated than Warren Harding was not the most one who fed him and petted him. coyotes. He brought a dog with decisive of presidents. According to Paddy wished that his human him and thus came into con- historians Eugene P. Trani and Da- played ball with him more often. It flict with Interior Department vid L. Wilson in their The Presidency was so sad and boring that his human authorities and appealed to of Warren G. Harding, “Harding relied went away almost every morning the Post Office Department for on his cabinet appointments more and didn’t come home until the end support. than most presidents, depending of the day. Humans were so strange. Voluminous correspon- upon them for the operation of the They were always coming and go- dence was exchanged between government…Cabinet discussions ing for no good reason. They were the two departments. “The dog played an important role in deter- always making meaningless sounds. must stay,” announced the Post mining governmental policy, and They were always staring at papers Office Department. “The dog Harding allowed each cabinet officer full of squiggles. They weren’t any must go: there is the law,” said relative autonomy in his particular good at smelling smells. the Interior Department. The sphere, seldom interfering…When Paddy didn’t imagine that at the matter passed upward from they disagreed, Harding was often other side of a vast continent, in a one official to another until it slow to intervene, because such dis- white house with columns and a big reached the heads of the de- putes made him intensely uncomfort- green yard, men sitting at a big table partments. Today Secretary able.”1 At this cabinet meeting Hard- were discussing him. The president Fall and Postmaster General ing was also uncomfortable because of the was discussing Work brought their controver- he was coming down with an acute Paddy the Grand Canyon puppy. sy to the Cabinet. case of influenza, which would leave Two members of the cabinet were ar- The Postmaster General ar- him bedridden for weeks. guing about what to do about Paddy. gued at length for his subordi- Two days later The New York Times Humans were so strange. nate. Recalling the many edi- came out strongly in favor of the On January 13, 1923, in the pages torials Editor Harding wrote Grand Canyon dog in an editorial of The New York Times, the controversy for The Marion Daily Star about titled “THE POSTMASTER’S DOG”: over Paddy the Grand Canyon pup- a dog’s love for his master, he py became a national news story. The appealed to the sympathy of The dog of the Postmaster of Times article was headlined: “DOG his hearers and described the Grand Canyon National Park, IN GRAND CANYON DEBATED lonely plight of the postmaster which has raised such a rum- BY CABINET: Harding Must Decide of Grand Canyon without his pus in the Federal Government if Lone Postmaster May Keep His Pet dog. and set the Post Office and the Despite the Law.” Then Secretary Fall spoke Interior Department by the for the Interior Department. ears, must be like the Old Pros- WASHINGTON, Jan 12.—A He is a lawyer and he based his pector’s dog: deadlock resulting from a long case solely upon the law. He is Well, I don’t want no better controversy between the Post fond of dogs, he said, but this pard Office and Interior Department is a Government of laws and When I tramp up the Great occupied the larger share of there is a law against dogs in Divide. this morning’s meeting of the national parks. Cabinet. No agreement was President Harding, whose President Harding, beset by nu- reached, and the matter is now editorial on the death of his bull merous and knotty problems,

4 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org has had the fate of the Grand dog, the homeless dog, the ter has, some way should be Canyon dog added to his bur- stroller dog, the dog buffoon.” found to keep them united. den. To a man who has a soft Let it be tried on Mr. Fall…If spot in his heart for dogs of all this question were referred to Robert Frothingham was a New degrees, and whose pen as an the boys of America, who after York City writer whose recently pub- editor has been used in behalf all are the best judges of dogs, lished Songs of Dogs was a popular of the four-footed friend, this is does any one doubt what the anthology of dog poetry, from which no light matter. One can imag- decision would be? “Near this the editorial had drawn. Frothing- ine Mr. Harding saying to the spot,” says the inscription on ham’s forward started: “Has the dog obdurate Fall, who points to Boatswain’s monument in the a soul and does it obtain immortal- his regulations: “’In these nice garden of Newstead Abbey, ity?” Frothingham seemed to think quillets of the law, good faith, “are deposited the remains so. Two days later, on January 17, The I am ‘no wider than a daw’: let of one who possessed Beauty New York Times published a letter to the man have his dog!” There without Vanity, Strength with- the editor from Frothingham, head- must be some kind of case for out Insolence, Courage without lined “THE POSTMASTER’S DOG. the Postmaster, else why the Ferocity, and all the Virtues of Plenty of Room In the Grand Canyon “voluminous correspondence” Man without his Vices.” If that Without Menace to the Natives”: between the departments and is the kind of dog the Postmas- the discussion in the Cabinet? The rule was evidently made only to protect wild life. There are dogs that worry nothing but a bone—well-behaved, medi- tative, self-respecting dogs, such as a hermit Postmaster might train to share his isola- tion. The controversy seems to have reached the point of the character of this particular dog. Shall he be saved by a ge- nial interpretation of the rule? There must be room enough for the Postmaster’s compan- ion. Are there not something like 2,000,000 acres in the reser- vation? John Muir says of this sublime depression in the des- ert that it is about six thousand feet deep and from rim to rim ten to fifteen miles wide. After all, what is a little thing like a wilderness park regulation between a postmaster and his dog? Would the occasional an- telope and the prowling moun- tain lion care? Does anybody hold a brief for the coyote? Perhaps if Robert Frothing- ham’s “Songs of Dogs” were read to Secretary Fall he would yield. He must be familiar with Senator Vest’s address to a jury in behalf of a dog. No one but a dog hater, who is often a mis- anthrope, can read it without a lump in the throat. And there is Laddie Boy, President’s dog. Harris and Ewing, photographer. Baudelaire’s song to “the poor www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 5 In regard to your very inter- rience consisted esting editorial in The Times mainly of being a for Monday, “The Postmas- small-town Ohio ter’s Dog,” any one who is in newspaper editor, the slightest degree familiar Fall was the em- with the wild animal life of the bodiment of the ro- Grand Canyon knows that it mantic Wild West. is confined to the vast forests Fall had been a of the Kaibab Plateau, on the cowboy, a pros- northern rim. Here are found pector, a hard-rock innumerable deer, hundreds of miner, a rancher, mountain lion, or cougar, not and a roamer of to mention that arch-thief and southwestern open scavenger, the coyote. There spaces that still is no animal life worthy of the bore the tracks of name on the southern rim of Apache warriors. the Canyon. In view of the fact, According to one therefore, that in the vicinity story, Fall had of the Grand Canyon Post Of- confronted a gun- fice the Canyon itself is from drawn John Wes- twelve to sixteen miles wide ley Hardin in an El by a mile deep, it is just a trifle Paso bar and dis- difficult for anybody but Mr. armed him. At the Fall to understand wherein the least, as a lawyer Postmaster’s dog is a menace. Fall had defended Furthermore—when one the killer of John considers that the very depart- Wesley Hardin— ment over which Secretary Fall whose nephew presides pays a bounty for the then twice tried to Albert B. Fall extermination of the cougar, shoot Fall—and the which is the greatest menace accused killer of Sheriff Pat Garrett. son hat and a bushy mustache; and to the wild animal life in the In his legal career Albert Fall had de- in his poker playing and drinking Grand Canyon Park, and that fended fifty-one men accused of mur- he could compete with any man. he is always hunted by hounds der, and he lost only one case. Fall Warren Harding was fascinated by in packs—it would be interest- claimed that he had defended five Albert Fall, and Fall adopted Hard- ing to know how Mr. Fall rec- hundred men accused of cattle rus- ing as a protégé. Later they served onciles his opposition to the tling and never lost a case. Such were together on the Senate Foreign Rela- Postmaster’s dog with his ap- the powers of argument that were tions Committee, where Fall, who ac- proval of the transportation of now being aimed against the Grand quired and read his own small library hounds in packs through the Canyon dog. In New Mexico Fall had of Spanish-language books, was an depths of the Canyon for the usually carried a gun, even while expert on Latin America and a hard- purpose of lion hunting on the serving in the New Mexico state sen- liner against revolutionaries who other side. ate, or carried a cane that he could were threatening American interests. wield as a sword. With the outbreak Fall and Harding became drinking ROBERT FROTHINGHAM, of the Spanish-American War, Fall and poker buddies, and later their New York, Jan 15, 1923 became a captain of the Rough Rid- parties moved into the White House. ers, though the war ended before Fall When Harding received the Republi- President Harding’s discomfort could make it into combat. Eugene can nomination for president in 1920 over the Grand Canyon dog debate Manlove Rhodes, a famous author of and was feeling out of his depth on was partly due to who was making western dime novels, used Fall as a the national stage, he urgently sum- the appeal. Albert Fall was one of character in one novel. Fall’s genuine moned Fall to help plan his cam- Harding’s closest friends and most Wild West persona was irresistible to paign, advise him on foreign policy, trusted advisers. When Warren Har- Teddy Roosevelt, and the two became and write his speeches: “Really, I very ding had arrived in the U. S. Senate friends and allies, in spite of deep dif- much need to be surrounded by some in 1915, his desk happened to be next ferences over conservation issues. of the friends whom I trust most ful- to the desk of Senator Fall of New Albert Fall could tell tales of the Wild ly…I would like exceedingly much Mexico. While Harding’s life expe- West with gusto; he wore a black Stet- to have you here so that I may avail

6 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org myself of your counsel and advice.”2 the Interior Department: meetings, sitting in a wooden chair Elected, Harding was eager for Fall carved just for him. This person to serve in his cabinet. Since the De- His forceful, picturesque per- wasn’t a member of the cabinet, and partment of the Interior dealt mostly sonality carries far, and he uses in fact he wasn’t even a person. He with western lands, it was important it to the limit in gaining his was Laddie Boy, Warren Harding’s to appoint a western man who un- objectives. His speech is fast, Airedale dog. derstood public-lands issues, and a his manner is impetuous, and Warren Harding and his wife Flor- man Harding trusted. When Hard- he becomes instantly aggres- ence had always been dog lovers, but ing offered Fall the Interior post, Fall sive at opposition. At these their love of dogs had been scarred wrote to his wife: “He thinks that the times his powerful face clouds by tragedy. When Warren was a child Interior Department is second only to sternness, he sits forward he’d had a black-and-tan mongrel, to the State Department in impor- in his chair, and pounds his and one day his great-uncle Perry ar- tance and that there is more opportu- statements home with gesticu- rived in the Harding’s barn and an- nity for graft and scandal connected lation; or he throws his head nounced that Warren’s dog was man- with the disposition of public lands back till he faces the ceiling gling his sheep, and Perry picked up &c, than there could be in any other while roaring with laughter at Warren’s dog by the legs, whirled it Department and he wants a man his opponent’s replies. He does about, and smashed its head against who is thoroughly familiar with the not argue, because he does not a post. The bloody horror of that mo- business and one he can rely upon as listen. He controls absolutely ment left Warren with a lifelong ten- thoroughly honest, etc etc.”3 Harding the attention of all hearers, and der heart for mistreated animals. One relied thoroughly on Fall. For exam- deeply impresses many with time when Warren saw a man with ple, when Fall asked Harding to sign his impetuous advocacy and a crate crowded with doves, Warren something-or-other about someplace- assertion.4 bought the crate, carried it to the roof or-other called Teapot Dome, Hard- of his newspaper office, and released ing relied thoroughly on Albert Fall. Back in New Mexico Fall hadn’t the doves. When a homeless, scruffy The idea of doubting or challenging been content to pound his opponents Newfoundland dog wandered into Fall over one little dog at the Grand with gesticulations. On two occasions, the office, Harding let him live there Canyon would indeed make Harding once on the floor uncomfortable. of the state sen- It wasn’t that Fall’s opponent in ate and once at the the Grand Canyon dog debate carried state constitutional much weight with Harding. Until re- convention, Fall cently, Postmaster General Hubert became so angered Work had been an obscure doctor in in debates that he . Work had dabbled in local physically struck Republican politics, and in 1913 he’d his opponents. In become a member of the Republican debates in the U. S. National Committee. For the 1920 Senate, Fall would election, Republican Party national point his finger chairman Will Hays asked Work to at opponents as help organize farmers for Harding, if it were a pistol. and Hays was impressed enough It was a notable by Work’s managerial abilities that event, then, that when Hays was appointed Postmas- the humble Hubert ter General, Hays selected Work as Work would chal- his deputy. When Hays resigned after lenge Fall and that one year, Harding appointed Work President Harding as Postmaster General. Work was an would rule against effective bureaucrat, but he was no Fall, at least for a match for Albert Fall. moment. In arguments, Albert Fall com- Fall’s real oppo- bined his skillful marshaling of facts, nent in the Grand his personal charm, and a ferocious Canyon dog de- aggressiveness. In 1923 the Bulletin bate wasn’t Hubert of the National Parks Association re- Work, but someone ported on the negative encounter that else who often at- one parks advocate had with Fall in tended Cabinet Hubert Work www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 7 for years. The famous Harding dog editorial referred to by The New York Times was written upon the death of the Hardings’ Boston terrier, Hub, who followed Harding to the news- paper office every day. Then someone had poisoned Hub; Harding was con- vinced it was motivated by dislike of Harding’s editorial stands. This was the second time Harding had lost a dog to poisoning, the first being his mastiff Jumbo. Harding wrote an editorial eulogizing Hub, in which Harding contrasted a dog’s trusting friendship with the dishonesty and cruelty of humans: “One honest look from Hub’s trusting eyes was worth a hundred lying greetings from such inhuman beings, though they wore the habiliment of men.”5 The murder of Hub was so upsetting to Florence Harding that she swore she’d never get another dog, and she became Laddie boy’s dog biscuit birthday cake, 7/25/22 deeply involved in the rising move- vited to Laddie Boy’s birthday party, ing’s campaign against animal cru- ment against animal cruelty. One which featured a huge cake made out elty. Laddie Boy led the Humane So- time when Florence saw a man whip- of dog biscuits. Visitors to the White ciety’s “Be Kind to Animals” parade ping his fallen horse, Florence rushed House were happy to shake hands through the streets of Washington D. out and grabbed the whip away from with Laddie Boy and to pose for pho- C.. But celebrity has its drawbacks. him and declared it should be used tos with him. Laddie Boy started re- When a dog was dragged against him. The fight against ani- ceiving fan mail and being invited into court for killing chickens, and mal cruelty would become Florence’s to public events. Before long, Lad- when a New York dog was accused cause as First Lady. die Boy was answering his mail, and of street fighting, the dog owners Upon Harding’s inauguration, granting “interviews” to newspapers, claimed immunity on the grounds someone gave the Hardings a high- actually written by Warren Harding. that their dog was the secret son or bred but scruffy six-month-old Aire- In one missive, Laddie Boy talked brother of Laddie Boy. After Hard- dale, and the Hardings decided to candidly about the president: ing’s death, 19,314 newspaper boys keep him. The Hardings didn’t have donated pennies that were made into children, so Laddie Boy received Sometimes the Chief acts as a copper statue of Laddie Boy, now in some of the affection of a family mem- though he would like to sit the Smithsonian. ber. Laddie Boy also became the mas- down when he and I can be The New York Times article didn’t cot of the Harding administration. alone, and I can look at him mention whether Laddie Boy was Just as editor Harding had taken his with sympathetic eyes, and he present at the cabinet meeting that dogs to the newspaper office every fixes his gaze on me in a grate- debated the Grand Canyon dog. If day, President Harding took Laddie ful sort of way, as much as to he was, it’s likely that Warren Hard- Boy to the Oval Office and to cabinet say, “Well, Laddie Boy, you and ing glanced in his direction, and with meetings. Laddie Boy was given his I are real friends, and we will Harding’s literary imagination for own chair in the cabinet room. Pho- never cheat each other.” When Laddie Boy’s thoughts and feelings, tographs of Harding at work and at the Chief looks at me this way, it’s quite possible that Harding would play often showed him with Laddie I know that he feels that I will have received Laddie Boy’s answer to Boy, and the public took notice. Previ- never find fault with him, no Albert Fall. Laddie Boy’s ears would ous presidents had enjoyed their pets matter what he does, and that I have risen and he would have said to more privately, but this was now the will never be ungrateful or un- his Chief: Surely you would never break age of movie newsreels, glossy pho- faithful.6 the heart of a dog who is so loyal to his tography magazines, and celebrity lonely human. Surely you would never gossip reporters, and soon Laddie Laddie Boy’s celebrity made him value wicked, food-stealing squirrels Boy became the first presidential-pet a valuable symbol in Florence Hard- and crows over an innocent, noble dog. national celebrity. Reporters were in-

8 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org The Grand Canyon may be deep, but it’s and oil projects in Mexico—for which progress. Conservation “would con- not as deep as a dog’s love. Even if Lad- Senator Fall advocated war against vert the Western settlers into a lot of die Boy hadn’t been present, Warren Mexico. As a lawyer, Fall had become peasants.”8 Nearly a decade before Harding would have thought of him, rich representing mining and railroad becoming Secretary of the Interior, and thought of his wife Florence, and corporations, and then he bought a Fall had called for the abolition of the thought of what Florence and her 750,000-acre ranch, the same size as Interior Department. On the subject small army of animal-cruelty activists Yosemite National Park. Fall favored of wildlife, Fall was proud of having would say if Warren committed such abolishing national forests and other killed a mountain lion by clubbing it cruelty against a dog. Warren Hard- federal lands and turning them over with his rifle butt and then shooting ing did appreciate the national parks; to the states for development. As a it with his pistol. In his first speech he and Florence had honeymooned rancher, Fall had used subterfuge to as a U. S. senator, Fall declared: “The at Yellowstone National Park, where exceed his grazing allotment in a na- conservation of the natural resources he’d been awed by Old Faithful. But tional forest, and when he was caught in New Mexico means a restriction dogs were even more faithful than he fired off an angry letter to Forest upon the individual; means that he geysers. Service director Gifford Pinchot say- must not acquire a homestead in the Yet it seems that Albert Fall re- ing that the Forest Service would “rue most habitable portion of the State; fused to accept the president’s deci- the day” it had crossed him. The idea and means that upon such forest re- sion, and made such “an exception” of conservation was an irrational be- serves and Indian reserves the gentle to it that the president retreated into trayal of three centuries of American bear, the mountain lion, and the tim- befuddled indecision. Albert Fall knew how much War- ren Harding loved dogs, knew that he was making the president uncom- fortable, making himself unwelcome. What was Albert Fall’s motivation? It wasn’t any love of wildlife. Albert Fall was no conservationist. Albert Fall embodied the Mani- fest Destiny vision of the American continent as a vast treasure chest, a gift to a chosen people. America’s natural resources, its forests, waters, soils, minerals, coal, oil, and wildlife, were meant to be exploited to en- rich the nation and to make America the dominant world power. There was no need to worry about tomor- row because, as Fall declared, “Man can not exhaust the resources of na- ture and never will.”7 The men who were bold enough to find and de- velop America’s natural resources were national heroes and deserved to become rich as a reward. But only if they were white men. Fall favored abolishing Indian reservations and opening them to white settlement and resource extraction; when oil was discovered on Navajo lands, Interior Secretary Fall stripped the Navajos of any rights to it. Hispanics too should get out of the way of Manifest Des- tiny, whether they were New Mexico peasants practicing the old Spanish notion that water was a communal resource, or the Mexican government interfering with American mining www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 9 ber wolf are conserved, so that they of the parks and could recite the eco- may attack herds, his cattle, and his nomic benefits of parks. Mather also sheep.”9 Twenty years of conserva- pointed out threats to the parks, such tion and progressive politics led by as how proposed reclamation proj- Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wil- ects would flood part of Yellowstone son seemed lost on Fall. He was the National Park. right man for Warren G. Harding’s Fall spent a whole week in Yel- “Return to Normalcy,” a normalcy lowstone, where he enjoyed riding a in which old national myths still horse and camping out in the moun- worked, in which the endless frontier tains with Mather and Albright. and individual initiative would re- “Secretary Fall must have felt he was ward the worthy, solve all problems, among friends,” wrote Albright in his and bring national greatness. memoirs, “for over the campfire one When Harding appointed Albert night he poured out his troubles to Fall as Secretary of the Interior, con- us.” One of those troubles was a place servationists were horrified. Gifford in Wyoming called Teapot Dome, Pinchot declared: “It would have which held vast oil reserves that were been possible to pick a worse man for controlled by the U.S. Navy. “He be- Secretary of the Interior, but not alto- lieved they belonged under Interior, gether easy.”10 Pinchot began a vigor- and he was going to try to get them ous campaign to oppose Fall’s poli- back and open some of them to explo- cies, but Pinchot was rowing against ration and development.” Albright Stephen T. Mather a conservative tide. At the National continued: Park Service, which had been estab- spent years fighting Arizona’s Sena- lished only five years previously and I summoned the courage to ar- tor Ralph Cameron over Cameron’s which was still struggling to establish gue that even if the oil reserves private land holdings, development its authority, Director Stephen Mather were turned back to the Inte- schemes, and political interference at feared that Fall’s appointment would rior Department, they should Grand Canyon, Albert Fall publicly mean the annihilation of everything be kept “locked up.” Secretary denounced Ralph Cameron. he had worked for. Assistant Director Fall replied: “Albright, I’m sur- This didn’t necessarily mean that Horace Albright said: “When [Hard- prised at you taking that posi- Albert Fall had been converted to the ing] announced as his nominee his tion. You are a western man; idea of conservation. In everything old Senate crony Albert Fall, gloom you know how important oil he did, Albert Fall loved to build em- settled over all of us in the National is. We must be sure we have pires and to fight and win turf wars. Park Service…[Fall] was known to enough of it going into produc- As a New Mexico politician Fall had have personal interests in mining, tion to prevent any slowing up built a political machine that includ- stock-raising, and ranching and, as in our industrial growth.” ed squads of armed men at polling far as we knew, had no leanings to- I couldn’t let that pass. “Oh, places and open violence; when Fall’s ward protection of national parks. It but you see, I’m a confirmed big rival had disappeared mysteri- looked like very bad news indeed.”11 conservationist,” I said, “and I ously, many people assumed that Fall Mather and Albright were greatly want to see our resources pro- had arranged an assassination. Fall relieved when their new boss told tected for the future.”12 was determined to build a ranching them he had no intention of firing empire, even if he couldn’t afford it them or of interfering with the Na- If only Albert Fall had listened to and had to use dishonest tactics. As tional Park Service. But Stephen Horace Albright about Teapot Dome a lawyer Fall had helped mining and Mather decided to take the offen- that night. railroad corporations build monop- sive and win Albert Fall’s support Albert Fall’s tour of the national oly empires, and he acquired many for the national parks. That summer parks did make an impression on mining claims for himself. Fall had Mather escorted Fall on a grand tour him. Albright recalled: “I don’t know campaigned relentlessly to achieve of the national parks, including Yel- how much the Secretary knew about statehood for his home turf, New lowstone, Yosemite, Rocky Moun- conservation when the tour started, Mexico. As a U. S. senator, Fall was tain, Mesa Verde, and Zion. Mather but by the time he headed back to most proud of helping the United showed Fall the grandeur of the Washington, he had become a parks States seize its destiny as a world parks, bombarded Fall with his con- enthusiast.”13 Fall soon put a stop to empire. In the Harding cabinet Fall siderable powers of persuasion, and the reclamation projects that were sought to enhance his Interior De- introduced Fall to prominent busi- threatening Yellowstone. To the de- partment by seizing assets from other nessmen who were strong supporters light of Stephen Mather, who had agencies. His effort to transfer the

10 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org park shaped like a horseshoe, wrap- his park, but Albright was serving as ping around Albert Fall’s Three Riv- superintendent of Yellowstone, so he ers Ranch. Some of the sections of too had a good excuse for not show- Fall’s park had genuine value, such ing up in New Mexico. Undeterred, as White Sands, but most of it was Fall wrote his own report approving average western scenery, and one the park and raced a bill through the section, Elephant Butte Reservoir, U. S. Senate with little scrutiny. But was mainly for recreation. Fall would then Fall’s bill had to get through the call it the “All-Year National Park” to House of Representatives. A House emphasize its winter resort qualities. committee scheduled its hearing on In his national park Fall proposed Fall’s bill for January 11, 1923. Al- to sanction mining, timber cutting, bright described the drama: grazing, hunting, and water recla- mation projects. Stephen Mather and No representative of the Park Horace Albright were horrified. They Service was present…Mather had worked for years to set high stan- was by this time in Chicago, dards for the national parks, and now completely recovered and ready Fall was undermining everything. Yet to return to work, but I had ad- how could they oppose their boss? vised him to stay away from Fall held the fate of the National Park Washington until after the hear- Service in his hands, and it seemed ings. We did not want him to Horace M. Albright like suicide to oppose him. Albright come back and face the choice recalled: of resigning or writing the re- Forest Service from the Agriculture port on the all-year park. We Department to the Interior Depart- Mather, in a gloomy mood, also believed that Fall’s days ment infuriated Agriculture Secre- poured out his feelings about as Secretary were numbered. tary Henry C. Wallace and started an how grotesque Fall’s park There were indications that his intense conflict, including debates in scheme was, and showed me rumored participation in the cabinet meetings; former Forest Ser- a penciled draft of the memo- Teapot Dome and Elk Hills oil vice director Gifford Pinchot sent let- randum he had been writing to leases, being investigated by ters to 6,000 newspapers to mobilize the Secretary, reporting nega- Senator Tom Walsh, was about conservationists against Fall’s grab- tively on the project. But he had to explode into a scandal. and-loot plan. Fall wanted to have been agonizing over whether The hearings opened with the vast natural resources on Alaska to send it. He had spent many the big guns of the conservation public lands placed under Interior months trying to educate Fall movement loaded for action… Department authority. And yes, Fall on the national park concept, After lunch, Secretary Fall did succeed in having the oil at Tea- and had carefully built a good arrived to testify, having been pot Dome transferred from the navy relationship that had ben- summoned hastily by a despair- into Fall’s control. When Fall secretly efited the parks despite this ing park advocate who per- signed an exclusive, no-competitive- crazy scheme. Now, if he sent ceived that the entire committee bid deal with Harry Sinclair to drill at the negative report, he would appeared to be against it…All of Teapot Dome but a small oil company put all that in jeopardy. Yet he the committee members asked refused to give up its existing claims could not let this travesty of a Fall tough questions, and he was there, Fall sent in the U. S. marines to park go unchallenged. 14 driven during three hours of squash the leech on the Sinclair dino- testimony to abandon point af- saur. Albert Fall was no conservation- Stephen Mather was prone to se- ter point in the bill…until noth- ist, but no matter what else it was, the vere depressions and nervous break- ing was left except New Mexico National Park Service was now part downs, requiring long stays in sani- gaining the status of having a of Albert Fall’s empire, Albert Fall’s tariums. Now, trapped in a no-win national park. The committee power. disaster, Mather’s spirits failed him seemed ready to compromise by Stephen Mather and Horace Al- again, and he checked himself into a making it a recreational area un- bright may have done too good a job sanitarium and disappeared for six der the Indian Bureau, but Sec- at selling Albert Fall on the economic months, which at least had the ad- retary Fall stuck to his original benefits of national parks. Soon after vantage of freeing him from publicly concept, and would not accept Fall returned from his national parks opposing Fall. Fall then turned to Al- anything less than a national tour, he sprung on Mather a plan for bright and told him to come to New park. a national park in New Mexico, a Mexico to write a report approving The opposition by conserva- www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 11 tionists and the lack of a report [of] PRESIDENT’S CABINET”. The tor of National Park[s] Stephen by the National Park Service phrase “bull pup” may not mean a Mather. Mr. Donahue is a pro- kept the bill from being reported bulldog: a few days later in a brief tégé of the senator—in fact, be- out by the committee so it could follow-up article, the Coconino Sun fore becoming postmaster at Mr. come to a vote in the House.15 identified the dog as an “Airdale bull Cameron’s recommendation, pup.” Perhaps “bull” was a now-dis- was working for Mr. Cameron When Secretary Fall walked into carded word for “male.” The January and Mr. Stetson at their mining the cabinet meeting the next morning, 19th article included three locally- property at the Canyon. Also, he was probably feeling defeated, hu- drawn cartoons about the Grand Can- the postoffice building belongs miliated, and angry. Albert Fall loved yon dog, and the dog in the cartoons to and sets on land belonging to to fight and win turf wars, and this was not a bulldog, but a generic mutt. Senator Cameron. war had been in the heart of his turf: The captions in the cartoons include: Possibly Mr. Mather stirred his department, his Park Service, his “Well, I’ll be dog-gonned. Them fell- up the tempest that assumed state, his ranch. At least there was one ers in Washington are talking ‘bout sufficient proportions to be the turf war that Secretary Fall could win me.” If the Flagstaff newspaper was subject of discussion at a cabi- today. Secretary Fall launched into an correct that Paddy was an Airedale, net meeting. It isn’t hard to be- attack on some stupid little dog at the he was the same breed as Laddie Boy, lieve he would take a crack at Grand Canyon, who was trespassing though there’s no sign that “them the senator, even over some one on Albert Fall’s turf. fellers in Washington” knew this. else’s shoulders, if opportunity So what if President Harding was Whereas The New York Times treat- offered. squirming with discomfort. Back in ed the whole story as a curiosity, the Of course, “Paddy” is a poor 1909 when President Taft had stopped Flagstaff newspaper suggested that a dog. in New Mexico and attended a VIP longstanding political rivalry was be- There is another dog at banquet, Fall had stood up at the po- hind the controversy: Grand Canyon that is allowed dium and lambasted the president to stay there by special permit for not giving enough support for “Paddy,” bull pup belonging to granted by Mr. Mather. That is New Mexico’s bid for statehood. The Charles M. Donahue [actually: “Razzle Dazzle,” the Airedale to crowd was shocked; President Taft Donohoe], postmaster at Grand whom the late Charles A. Brant, was shocked and angry. Taft wrote Canyon, has suddenly become former manager of El Tovar ho- to his wife: “He seemed to be a man famous… tel at Grand Canyon, left $5,000. who likes to cultivate notoriety by The story seems to be this: “Razzle Dazzle” has a colored saying something rude and out of the A female dog brought to groom, and Mr. Mather granted ordinary rules of courtesy, and I had Grand Canyon National Park a him domiciliary rights in the na- to take him and spank him, which I few months ago by a tourist se- tional park. think I did pretty successfully…He lected the park as an ideal place “Paddy” has no inheritance. has had aspirations for the Senate, to raise a family. Her owner He’s a darned nice dog, but he upon the inauguration of statehood, gave the family to a resident of made the mistake of being born but I don’t think those aspirations are the park. The latter still has part poor and then of picking his likely to be gratified.” On the con- of the family carefully locked up friends from among those who trary, Fall’s boldness with President at his home, but one of the pups are not loved by the big boss of Taft made Fall a hero to New Mexi- he gave to Mr. Donahue. all the parks. cans. Warren Harding was too weak The latter was recently made a man to spank Albert Fall. Harding postmaster following the resig- Charles Brant, the longtime man- was no Teddy Roosevelt. Besides, Fall nation of L. L. Ferrall. ager of El Tovar Hotel, had died was resigning from the cabinet, get- The park regulations prohibit in 1921, a year after his wife Olga. ting out while the going was good. dogs. That is so that the rabbits, They were buried in a private, rock- He had nothing to lose now. squirrels and other small game rimmed graveyard with a good view When in the morning The New will become tame. of El Tovar. Razzle Dazzle lived until York Times published its article on Mr. Donahue’s ownership of 1928, and then he joined his masters in the Grand Canyon dog debate, its ri- “Paddy” seems to have caused their graveyard and even got his own val newspaper, The New York World, some comment and to have tombstone that said “Faithful and Be- sent a telegram to the newspaper in been reported at Washington. loved Pet,” a measure of how popular Flagstaff, Arizona, to get more infor- Just how it got to the attention Razzle Dazzle was with Grand Can- mation. In its next issue, January 19, of the cabinet is uncertain. yon residents. Stephen Mather would 1923, the Coconino Sun ran the front But there is no love lost be- have made himself unpopular with page headline: “GRAND CANYON tween U. S. Senator Ralph H. canyon residents if he had banished BULL PUP CLAIMS ATTENTION Cameron of Arizona and Direc- Razzle Dazzle from the park, and

12 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org precinct…I am quite sure I have four of the others spotted.”17 Ralph Cam- eron’s papers contain many letters on stationary that says “Louisa Ferrall, Postmistress, Grand Canyon, Arizo- na Territory,” but most of these letters are from L.L. Ferrall and Niles Cam- eron, Ralph’s brother, and are about protecting Cameron land claims and evicting rivals from claims. Ralph Cameron was so confident of his power that he tried to stop the Santa Fe Railway from building the Hermit Road and Trail since they would cross Cameron land claims. When Stephen Mather became the first director of the National Park Service in 1916—the same year L. L. Ferrall became post- master—and set out to evict Cameron from his land claims, Mather found that his letters to the superintendent President Harding with pet dog Laddie, being photographed in front of the White House. of Grand Canyon National Park were not being delivered. In an interview since by the time Charles Brant died, decade when the North Rim of the with Grand Canyon National Park ar- Laddie Boy was becoming a national Grand Canyon was grossly overpop- chivists, Horace Albright stated that celebrity, Mather probably wouldn’t ulated with deer, yet Mather couldn’t he and Mather were positive that L.L. have risked Harding’s displeasure at bring himself to support proposals Ferrall was intercepting and no doubt Mather’s evicting an Airedale from to cull the deer population. When opening Mather’s letters. Mather re- its home. the Forest Service began transfer- sorted to sending his letters in plain Stephen Mather was no hater of ring North Rim deer to other places, envelopes addressed to the wives of animals or pets. He not only allowed Mather adopted two fawns, shipped park officials, and then to sending one Grand Canyon ranger to keep a them to his home, and kept them as telegrams in code. This continued for pet fawn named Chummy, Mather pets. years under Charles Donohoe’s suc- had Chummy sent to Washington D. Stephen Mather’s persecution of cessor, James Kintner, also a Cameron C. to serve as a Park Service mascot Paddy contained a logic and a mo- man. Here’s one telegram that Super- at a VIP banquet at the Willard Ho- tive that even the Flagstaff newspa- intendent Tillotson sent to Mather in tel. The Willard was famous for its per didn’t glimpse. For twenty years 1927: “Person mentioned last para- cuisine, but someone forgot to feed Ralph Cameron used the Grand Can- graph my letter November sixteenth Chummy, who headed for the salad yon post office as a weapon in his war entirely satisfactory but SASAPJOB of Secretary of Commerce Herbert against threats to his Grand Canyon ILBOYHUM in DYBACK TENCO- Hoover and gobbled it down. Then interests, including threats from Ste- DADAEM with ITIFFEGY who indi- Mather had Chummy sent to Phila- phen Mather. From 1907 to 1916 the cates he will SASBYEED ILBOYHUM delphia for a banquet that George postmaster was Louisa Ferrall, the if held stop Personally NYADIFAB Horace Lorimer, the publisher of wife of L. L. Ferrall, who was Cam- to DYBACK VAMDMOL and feel The Saturday Evening Post, was giv- eron’s chief henchman at the canyon. that his GHANTJUG in OACINIZE ing for National Park Service leaders. From 1916 to 1922 L. L. Ferrall was will not be HUMPYELM interests of Mather kept Chummy corralled in a postmaster. At a time when there RYNKIHUM your previous informa- bathroom, and when Chummy was were few community centers at the tion to contrary notwithstanding.”19 brought out, he headed straight for canyon, the post office was a gather- Stephen Mather’s biographer Lorimer’s salad. Before Mather could ing place and gossip place—perfect somehow got the idea that L. L. Ferrall send Chummy back to the Grand for gathering intelligence for Ralph was Ralph Cameron’s brother-in-law, Canyon, Chummy came down with Cameron. After the election of 1908, and this claim was repeated by Ken a spinal ailment. Mather called in the when Cameron was first elected to Burns in his PBS documentary The best veterinarians, even a chiroprac- the U. S. House of Representatives National Parks, which highlighted the tor, but Chummy died. Mather felt as Arizona’s Territorial delegate, fight between Mather and Cameron. deeply guilty that someone’s pet had Louisa wrote to Cameron scoping However, Ralph Cameron’s papers died while in his charge. This was the out the “7 votes against you in this contain dozens of letters between the www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 13 and the land around it, to protect the Service and our own which held the post- position here by proper action.”23 master’s residence. It was five weeks later that the dog Park superintendents controversy reached the cabinet. Poor repeatedly asked post- Paddy was just another pawn in the masters to obtain a park battle to make Donohoe “recognize permit for living there, the authority of the Park Service.” but Ferrall, Donohoe, Stephen Mather wouldn’t have imag- and Kintner adamantly ined that his move to deprive Dono- refused. In September hoe of his dog would end up being 1922, after Donohoe decided by the president of the Unit- told Superintendent ed States. W. W. Crosby to “go to As far as we know, President Har- hell,” Crosby wrote to ding never did make a decision about the Postmaster General, Paddy or pet policies in the national care of the director of parks. Right after that cabinet meet- the National Park Ser- ing, Harding was hit so hard by in- vice, to complain about fluenza that he was knocked out of it.20 In November Dono- action for weeks. By the time Hard- hoe distributed a leaflet ing was out of bed, Albert Fall was on to 800 Grand Canyon his way out of the cabinet. The fate of tourists, representing Paddy and all future dogs in all the himself as the “Friends national parks would be decided by of the National Parks,” a larger Fate, by the turns of history, but as Superintendent by events that were larger than even a Crosby told his boss president of the United States. Ralph H. Cameron in Washington: “…the When the word got out that Sec- Ferralls and Cameron, and they con- matter in it is anything retary Fall had taken control of navy tain no sign of their having any fam- but friendly to the present adminis- oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyo- ily connection. In his letters to L.L. tration of the Park…This Donohoe… ming, and Elk Hills, California, re- Ferrall, Cameron says “Dear Sir,” and is extremely hostile to the local orga- serves deemed essential to national nization of the Park Service at Grand defense, and had opened them to oil never mentions Louisa, and in his let- 21 ters to Cameron, L. L. Ferrall barely Canyon.” On December 5th a ranger companies for private profits, there mentions “your wife,” and not by caught Donohoe cutting firewood in- were objections from conservation- name. The possibility of any sibling side the park without a permit, and ists, admirals, and everyone in be- relationship between Ralph Cameron when the ranger told Donohoe to get tween. A senate committee started and Louisa Ferrall is discouraged by a permit, Donohoe refused and said hearings, but they dragged on slowly he would “take this up with Wash- and seemed to be hitting a dead end: the census fact that Louisa was born 22 in Missouri of German-born parents, ington by cable.” Superintendent Albert Fall had good explanations while Ralph Cameron was born in Crosby also complained to Washing- for everything. But then one of Fall’s Maine, with a non-German name. ton: “In this particular case of Dono- old enemies in New Mexico hap- If Stephen Mather had gotten the hoe’s, it is absolutely for the interests pened to see Fall’s ranch, which only mistaken idea that L. L. Ferrall was and future of the Park Service here to a few years previously had been di- Cameron’s brother-in-law, this would have him recognize the authority of lapidated, and now it was booming only magnify Mather’s loathing of the Park Service in this Park…So long with expensive improvement proj- the Grand Canyon post office. as the Post Office Department shall ects. Where had Albert Fall suddenly Charles Donohoe succeeded L. continue as its representative here, an gotten so much money? Not from his L. Ferrall as postmaster in 1922. The individual who persists in exhibiting modest government salary. The sen- turf war between Donohoe and the contempt for the Park Service and the ate hearings continued twisting and Park Service included a lot more Department of the Interior, and who turning through a maze of leads and than just a dog. In 1920 the U. S. Su- is actively hostile to both, and who disclosures, and it turned out that Al- preme Court had ruled that Ralph takes advantage of his connection bert Fall had accepted over $400,000 Cameron’s land claims were invalid, with the Post Office Department to in bribes from two oil men, Harry declaring his land to be U. S. Govern- add weight to his words and actions Sinclair and Edward Doheny, money ment property. This included the old as an individual it is apparently nec- delivered in cash in a black suitcase. Cameron Hotel, now the post office, essary that we should afford him no Not to mention many thousands of advantage in his course by our failing dollars Sinclair had deliberately lost

14 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Teapot Dome flamboyant, power-grabbing turf scandal killed fighter. Harding wanted someone Warren Hard- with a heart. Just maybe: someone ing. who wouldn’t dream of taking away It’s not a man’s dog. Harding looked across clear to what the cabinet table and saw the right degree Albert man: a doctor, a man from Colorado, Fall’s resigna- a humble bureaucrat: Hubert Work. tion from the The Postmaster General. cabinet was Warren Harding appointed Hu- m o t i v a t e d bert Work his new Secretary of the by fear of the Interior. doom that was The man who had argued that unfolding ev- dogs should be allowed in national ery day in the parks was now in charge of all the n e w s p a p e r national parks. Was Hubert Work go- headlines. On ing to suddenly reverse his position Harry Sinclair the same day and do Albert Fall’s corrupt work for that The New him? No way. That rule was a dead to Fall in poker games. Sinclair and York Times ran the letter from Robert letter. There was no Laddie-tude on Doheny received exclusive, no-bid Frothingham denouncing Albert Fall that one. As long as Hubert Work was rights to extremely profitable oil sup- over the Grand Canyon dog, it also Secretary of the Interior, which would plies. Albert Fall went to prison, the carried the headline: SINCLAIR EX- be another five years, there seemed to first cabinet member in U. S. history to PECTED FEDERAL OIL LEASE, and be little danger of dogs being evicted go to prison for a crime committed in described Harry Sinclair’s first, defi- from national parks. Stephen Mather office. Harry Sinclair went to prison. ant testimony before the senate inves- wasn’t fussing about it anymore ei- Attorney General and old Harding tigative committee. The sub-headline ther, for not long after the Paddy con- crony Harry Daugherty was forced read: “Adjournment Comes Just as troversy blew up in the newspapers, to resign for obstructing justice. the Listeners’ Expectations of a Sen- Charles Donohoe resigned as post- Navy secretary , who sation Are Highest.” The drumbeat of master. By 1932, if not earlier, the of- went along with Fall’s transfer of the scandal sensations would torment Al- ficial rules of Grand Canyon National oil, was forced to resign. The Teapot bert Fall. “I saw a man crumble right Park allowed residents to own dogs, Dome Scandal became the greatest before my eyes,” wrote his friend but “subject to such further condi- scandal in American history. It perma- Evalyn Walsh McLean. “Drinking tions…as may be determined by the nently branded the Harding adminis- had changed him from a virile, sharp- superintendent.”26 As it turned out, tration as a failure, one of the worst witted man into a trembling wreck.”25 superintendents would choose to in American history, which might be At the time he resigned, Fall claimed maintain a dog ban for decades to a bit unfair to Warren Harding him- he was leaving to make some good come. Was this a legacy of the great self, since apparently his only crime money as a private consultant to Grand Canyon dog debate? was that of trusting his buddies, and Harry Sinclair and Edward Doheny, In any case, today there are nu- Harding never had a chance to react which he did, for awhile. merous backyard dog pens in Grand to the scandal. On a long summer trip Now that Albert Fall was leaving, Canyon Village, full of happy dogs around the western U.S. and Alaska, Warren Harding needed a new Secre- playing with bouncing balls. Today Harding suffered a heart attack and tary of the Interior. Several men began Razzle Dazzle looks down from his died. Eight years later, when now- openly campaigning for the post. The grave at all the happy dogs going for president spoke at state legislatures of Nevada and New walks on rim trails—on leashes, of the dedication of the Harding Memo- Mexico passed resolutions recom- course. The ghost of past Airedales rial in Ohio, he declared that Harding mending former Arizona governor smiles. had also died of a broken heart, that Thomas Campbell. Maybe it was true 1. Harding was “a man whose soul was that Harding needed a western man. Eugene P. Trani and David L. Wilson, The Presidency of Warren G. Harding being seared by a great disillusion- But Harding was sick of the ferocious (Lawrence, Kansas: Regents Press of Kansas, ment,” by the betrayal and corrup- controversies Albert Fall had stirred 1977) p 44-45. tion of his best friends.24Historians up over western resources. Harding 2.Quoted in Laton McCartney, The Teapot are still debating how much Hard- wanted a man who, while pro-busi- Dome Scandal: How Big Oil Bought the ing knew at the time of his death, ness, was ready to join the conserva- Harding White House and Tried to Steal the Country (New York: Random House, 2008) but Hoover’s scenario has become tion movement. Harding wanted a p 44. the prevailing image of events: the plodding bureaucrat, not an arrogant, www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 15 Grand Canyon Historical Society PRSRT STD PO Box 31405 U.S. POSTAGE Flagstaff, AZ 86003 PAID FLAGSTAFF, AZ PERMIT 333

3. Quoted in David H. Stratton, Tempest Over Teapot Dome: The Story of Albert B. Fall (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, Spread the Word — Join the Grand Canyon Historical Society! 1998) p 197. 4. Quoted in Stratton, page 28. However, Membership in the Grand Canyon Historical Society has its benefits: this same quote appears in another book, The • Annual subscription to the tri-annual magazine The Ol’ Pioneer. Two Alberts: Fountain and Fall by Gordon • Annual subscription to the quarterly newsletter The Bulletin. Owen, and is attributed to another source, a Santa Fe New Mexican article from Feb. 22, • Discount on all GCHS publications. 1892. Because David Stratton is an academic • Free admission to all GCHS programs and outings, including an annual historian, he receives the benefit of the doubt picnic on the edge of the Canyon. for the source of this quote. • Participation in the annual GCHS membership meeting and the elec- 5. Quoted in Francis Russell, The Shadow tion of Board Members. of Blooming Grove: Warren G. Harding in his Times (New York City, McGraw-Hill: 1968) Membership is $20 per year ($25 outside U.S.). To become a member print p 96. out the online application at grandcanyonhistory.org or write down your 6. Quoted in Joe Mitchell Chapple, name, address, phone number and email address and send it with your The Life and Times of Warren G. Harding: check to the Grand Canyon Historical Society at PO Box 31405, Flagstaff, Our After-War President (Boston: Chapple AZ 86003. Publishing, 1924) p 142. 7. Quoted in Stratton, p 214. 8. Quoted in Stratton, p 110. 9. Quoted in Stratton, p 112. Arizona Library Special Collections, Box # 4. 21. Ibid. Quoted in letter from W. W. 10. Quoted in Stratton, p 211. 17. Grand Canyon National Park Study Crosby to director of NPS, Dec. 6, 1922. Horace M. Albright, The Birth of the Collection, taped interview with Horace 22. Ibid. W. W. Crosby to director of NPS, National Park Service: The Founding Years, Albright, Tape 2, Side 1. Dec. 6, 1922. 1913-1933 (Salt Lake City: Howe Brothers, 18. Superintendent Miner Tillotson to 23. Quoted in Stratton, p 332. 1985) p 125. director of NPS; December 17, 1927; Grand 24. Evalyn Walsh McLean, Queen of 11. Ibid, p 127. Canyon National Park Study Collection, Post Diamonds: The Fabled Legacy of Evalyn 12. Ibid, p 127. Office File, Catalog # 75981 Walsh McLean (Franklin, Tennessee: 13. Ibid, p 131. 19. Ibid. Letter from W. W. Crosby to Hillsboro Press, 2000) p 276. 14. Ibid, p 135. Postmaster General, Sept. 1, 1922. 25. Rules and Regulations, Grand Canyon 15. Quoted in Stratton, p 95-96. 20. Ibid. W. W. Crosby to director of NPS, National Park, 1932, p 37. 16. Ralph Cameron papers, University of Dec. 1, 1922.