DOCSLIB.ORG

Somalia Somalia Security and Justice Sector PER

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Somalia Somalia Security and Justice Sector PER Report No: AUS8353 . Federal Republic of Somalia Somalia Security and Justice Sector PER Public Disclosure Authorized . January 2017 . GMF07 AFRICA . Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized . Standard Disclaimer: . This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: . The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [email protected]. i Somalia Security and Justice Public Expenditure Review United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia and the World Bank January 2017 The Security and Justice Sector Public Expenditure Review for Somalia was written by a joint team of World Bank and United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) staff in collaboration with the Federal Government of Somalia and representatives of the existing and emerging federal member states. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank, the governments they represent, nor the members of the United Nations. Although this is a joint report, in line with their respective institutional mandates, the UN led on the technical content of Chapters 2, 3 and 4, and World Bank led on the technical content of Chapters 5 and 6. Acknowledgements The Somalia Security and Justice Sector Public Expenditure Review (SJPER) was co-led by Paolo Zacchia and Bernard Harborne from the World Bank, and Jeff Sims from the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM). The core team of the World Bank included Geoff Handley, Harun Dogo, Alex Berg, Leonard Matheka, Bernhard Metz (geospatial work), Zoe Weinberg, and Paul Bisca (editing), and the core team of the UN included Thorodd Ommundsen, Sanjeev Joshi, Brian O’Sullivan, Anthony Howie, William Kendall, Christoph Buik, Hans Wanderstein, Gerard Smith, Eric Brandenburg, Soumitra Deodhar, Sodhi Bidevinder, Mitch Dufresne, Stephanie McPhail, Damian Klauss, Virginie Blanchard, and Steve Cox. A large number of experts and consultants contributed to substantive sections of the report including Ariella Viehe, Michael Gunzburger, Amanda Brockbank, Elizabeth Margolin, Giuseppe Manzillo, Nicole Ball, and Christine Wallich. A large number of key stakeholders were consulted, primarily through a Somalia Reference Group, on these final reports as well as background papers and made substantive comments and contributions. This included Hodan Osman, Senior Advisor from the Ministry of Finance in the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS), who was the lead FGS counterpart and guided the team to ensure relevance and alignment with government objectives. The Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Internal Security and FGS Lead in the Peacebuilding and Security Working Group (PSG2), Col. Mohamed Jama, chaired the SJPER Reference Group, which facilitated consultation throughout the process. Adil Garane, the PSG2 Focal Point in the FGS Aid Coordination Unit, supported Reference Group meetings and PSG2 engagement. Other colleagues who provided general guidance to the whole process included from the World Bank: Bella Bird, World Bank Country Director, Hugh Riddell, World Bank Country Representative, Debbie Isser, Winston Cole, John Randa, and Catherine Ngumbau. From UNSOM Raisedon Zenenga, Deputy Special Representative of the UN Secretary General, and Wally Very/ Staffan Tillander, Directors Rule of Law & Security Institutions Group (ROLSIG), provided invaluable guidance throughout. Salome Aganda, Janerose Lubisia, and Aidah Makokha provided invaluable administrative and logistical support throughout the process. The Security Sector Reform Unit within the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations provided invaluable support and guidance through its partnership with the World Bank on security sector public financial management. Students and faculty of the Defence Analysis Department at Naval Postgraduate School contributed important perspectives on the report. Photo Credits United Nations Mission in Somalia (UNSOM), https://www.flickr.com/photos/unsom/sets/72157675193151674 i Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................ i List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................................ iv List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................................... vi List of Boxes .......................................................................................................................................................... vi Glossary ............................................................................................................................................................... vii Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................. ix Current Context ....................................................................................................................................................... ix Going Forward ......................................................................................................................................................... xi Policy Options ......................................................................................................................................................... xii 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Security and Development .......................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Rationale, Scope, and Objectives ................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Process and Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 5 2. Historical and Sectoral Context ......................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Historical Context ........................................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Sector Context and Sources of Conflict ....................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Violence and Conflict: Key Flashpoints .............................................................................................. 9 2.2.2 The Challenge of Al-Shabaab .......................................................................................................... 13 2.2.3 Countering AS and expanding the FGS ............................................................................................. 16 2.2.4 The Political Settlement and a Federal Governance Framework ........................................................ 17 2.2.5 Interpersonal Violence and Organized Crime ................................................................................... 18 2.2.6 Maritime Security and Piracy .......................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Regional Context ........................................................................................................................................ 20 2.4 International Context ................................................................................................................................. 20 2.5 Macroeconomic Context ........................................................................................................................... 22 2.5.1 Domestic Expenditures .................................................................................................................. 24 2.5.2 Domestic Revenues and Debt ........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Foreign Military Studies Office
    community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/ Foreign Military Studies Office Volume 8 Issue #5 OEWATCH May 2018 FOREIGN NEWS & PERSPECTIVES OF THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT CHINA’S REACH MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA LATIN AMERICA 3 Tension between Greece and Turkey in the Aegean Sea 24 Colombia and Brazil Look for Solutions to Deal with 44 China Holds Naval Review in the South China Sea 4 Disputes over Natural Gas Exploration in the Eastern Massive Venezuelan Migration 45 China’s Carrier Aviation Unit Improves Training Mediterranean 25 Brazil’s Federal Government Open Border Policy 46 Relocation in Southern Xinjiang: China Expands the Program 6 Iran and Russia Compete for Influence in Syria Challenges Frontier States 47 Perspectives on the Future of Marawi 8 “Turkey-Russia Rapprochement” Continues 26 Colombian-Venezuelan Border Ills 48 Indonesia Brings Terrorists and Victims Together 9 Turkish Defense Companies Reach Agreements with 27 Bolivarians Gain Influence over Colombian Resources 49 Thailand and Malaysia Build Border Wall Qatar’s Armed Forces 29 Venezuelan Elections Worth Anything? 10 A New Striking Power for the Turkish Armed Forces 30 Regarding the Colombian Elections 11 Will Iran Interfere in Kashmir? 31 Archbishop of Bogotá Confesses Left CAUCASUS, CENTRAL AND SOUTH ASIA 12 Rouhani Speaks about the Internet 31 Peruvian President Resigns, Replaced 50 India’s Red Line for China 13 Why Did the Mayor of Tehran Resign? 32 Brazilians Send Former President to Jail 51 The Future of Indian-Russian Security Cooperation 14 Former Governor: ISIS May
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Record of the 47Th Meeting
    Document:- A/CN.4/SR.47 Summary record of the 47th meeting Topic: Formulation of the Nürnberg Principles Extract from the Yearbook of the International Law Commission:- 1950 , vol. I Downloaded from the web site of the International Law Commission (http://www.un.org/law/ilc/index.htm) Copyright © United Nations 44 47th meeting — 15 June 1950 Code of Offences against the Peace and Security of sion must now decide whether or not it wished to adopt Mankind. the principles that an order given by a superior made 132. Mr. BRIERLY did not think that that was the the subordinate responsible; that was the first question problem. In no country did the law recognize superior it would have to decide. orders as a defence when a crime had been committed. 139. The CHAIRMAN again requested the Commis- sion to consider the matter and to form an opinion so 133. Mr. el-KHOURY expained that under the law that it could adopt a definite position with regard to the of his country, which was based on Islamic law, an decisions it was about to take. order given by a superior did not in itself free from responsibility the person to whom the order was given. The meeting rose at 1 p.m. The order of a chief who had power to enforce the execution of his order might remove that responsibility. He observed that the text of Principle IV, which was based on the text of article 8 of the Charter of the Niirnberg Tribunal, had been established by the Com- 47th MEETING mission the previous year.
    [Show full text]
  • This Action Is Funded by the European Union
    EN This action is funded by the European Union ANNEX 7 of the Commission Decision on the financing of the Annual Action Programme 2018 – part 3 in favour of Eastern and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean to be financed from the 11th European Development Fund Action Document for Somalia Regional Corridors Infrastructure Programme (SRCIP) 1. Title/basic act/ Somalia Regional Corridors Infrastructure Programme (SRCIP) CRIS number RSO/FED/040-766 financed under the 11th European Development Fund (EDF) 2. Zone East Africa, Somalia benefiting from The action shall be carried out in Somalia, in the following Federal the Member States (FMS): Galmudug, Hirshabelle, Jubaland, Puntland action/location 3. Programming 11th EDF – Regional Indicative Programme (RIP) for Eastern Africa, document Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean (EA-SA-IO) 2014-2020 4. Sector of Regional economic integration DEV. Aid: YES1 concentration/ thematic area 5. Amounts Total estimated cost: EUR 59 748 500 concerned Total amount of EDF contribution: EUR 42 000 000 This action is co-financed in joint co-financing by: Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) for an amount of EUR 3 500 000 African Development Fund (ADF) 14 Transitional Support Facility (TSF) Pillar 1: EUR 12 309 500 New Partnership for Africa's Development Infrastructure Project Preparation Facility (NEPAD-IPPF): EUR 1 939 000 6. Aid Project Modality modality(ies) Indirect management with the African Development Bank (AfDB). and implementation modality(ies) 7 a) DAC code(s) 21010 (Transport Policy and Administrative Management) - 8% 21020 (Road Transport) - 91% b) Main 46002 – African Development Bank (AfDB) Delivery Channel 1 Official Development Aid is administered with the promotion of the economic development and welfare of developing countries as its main objective.
    [Show full text]
  • Somalia Puntland-Constitution Dec2009
    CONSTITUTION OF PUNTLAND STATE OF SOMALIA December 2009 National Democratic Institute (NDI) unofficial translation into English of the 2009 Constitution of Puntland State of Somalia. NDI accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of this translation. Any errors or inconsistencies that may exist in the original Somali were translated into English. The Somali version remains authoritative. Puntland State was created in 1998 through a consultative agreement among the different regions that constitute Puntland. The creation of Puntland State emerged from Somalia’s failure to re-establish an inclusive national government for eight years. The people of Puntland realized they could not continue without a government. It was then decided in the constitutional conference of 1998 that Puntland would become a state that would be part of a federal Somalia. A charter was approved in that same 1998 conference and later replaced with a provisional constitution that was approved by members of the House of Representatives in 2001. A referendum on the constitution was to have taken place in 2004, although this was not accomplished. Since it was not possible to hold a referendum on the constitution it was decided that the constitution would continue in force while undergoing review. The constitutional review process began in May 2007 and continued until June 2009. In the review process, meaningful opinions were contributed from different sectors of Puntland society, such as Somali lawyers and foreign lawyers. Therefore, the new constitution was drafted to become the law of the people of Puntland and was based on the Islamic shari’a and, at the same time, the constitution guides the system of governance, and thus brings collaboration and order among the different government institutions of the state.
    [Show full text]
  • Core Principles of Private Pension Regulation
    OECD CORE PRINCIPLES OF PRIVATE PENSION REGULATION G20/OECD INFE CORE COMPETENCIES FRAMEWORK ON FINANCIAL LITERACY FOR ADULTS OECD Core Principles of Private Pension Regulation Photo credits: Thinkstock/Maryna Maschewsky © OECD 2016 FOREWORD Foreword The OECD Core Principles of Private Pension Regulation serve to encourage more efficient regulation and management of private pension systems. Private pensions play a major and growing role in complementing retirement income from public sources in OECD countries and worldwide. Their importance in ensuring adequate pension provision is increasing as government revenues are less able to finance retirement promises. The economic crisis led to a loss of public confidence in private pensions in many countries which needs to be reversed in order to encourage individuals to save for retirement. At the same time, the financial sustainability, solvency and adequacy of private pensions are challenged by population ageing and by an economic environment characterised by low growth, low returns and low interest rates. Efficient regulation and management of private pension systems are essential to withstand these pressures and to rebuild trust in private pensions. The OECD, in coordination with pension regulators across OECD countries, has updated and expanded the OECD Core Principles of Occupational Pension Regulation, first adopted in 2009. The 2016 OECD Core Principles of Private Pension Regulation provide governments, regulators and supervisors worldwide with a relevant common benchmark and high-level guidance on the design and operation of private pension systems. These revised Principles now include all funded pension arrangements, reflecting changes in the nature of private pension provision, especially the rise in defined contribution and personal pension plans; they aim to strengthen the regulatory framework of funded pension systems in order to promote the sound and reliable operation of private pension plans and thereby protect members' savings.
    [Show full text]
  • South and Central Somalia Security Situation, Al-Shabaab Presence, and Target Groups
    1/2017 South and Central Somalia Security Situation, al-Shabaab Presence, and Target Groups Report based on interviews in Nairobi, Kenya, 3 to 10 December 2016 Copenhagen, March 2017 Danish Immigration Service Ryesgade 53 2100 Copenhagen Ø Phone: 00 45 35 36 66 00 Web: www.newtodenmark.dk E-mail: [email protected] South and Central Somalia: Security Situation, al-Shabaab Presence, and Target Groups Table of Contents Disclaimer .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction and methodology ......................................................................................................................... 4 Abbreviations..................................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Security situation ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1. The overall security situation ........................................................................................................ 7 1.2. The extent of al-Shabaab control and presence.......................................................................... 10 1.3. Information on the security situation in selected cities/regions ................................................ 11 2. Possible al-Shabaab targets in areas with AMISOM/SNA presence .......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Somalia Drought Response
    Somalia Since 1991, International Medical Corps has worked in Somalia to implement programs that build local capacity while serving the immediate health, nutrition and sanitation and hygiene needs of the most vulnerable. Drought conditions continue to worsen in Somalia and famine looms as the country’s long-running armed conflict drags on, taking a heavy toll on civilians in much of the south-central region. The effects of drought, flooding, and displacement in addition to the fighting have left approximately half of the population dependent on outside support for their survival and livelihoods support. The drought continues to drive people from their homes in search of assistance, while disease outbreaks including cholera and measles are spreading. Restrictions on humanitarian access exacerbate the already precarious situation. EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO DROUGHT International Medical Corps is scaling up health and nutrition assistance in Mudug, Galgaduud, and Banadir, three regions at emergency levels of acute food insecurity (IPC 4). In addition, International Medical Corps is providing health, nutrition screening, and water and sanitation (WASH) assistance within the Middle Shabelle Region, currently at crisis levels of food insecurity (IPC 3). This includes mobile medical clinics in Galgaduud, Banadir, and Middle Shabelle that reach remote communities with life- saving care. We are also running a 54-bed stabilization center that provides 24-hour care for severely malnourished children with medical complications at Galkayo South Hospital. In Mogadishu, International Medical Corps is providing primary health and nutrition services in two displacement settlements. This includes screening for and treatment of acute malnutrition as well as community education healthy infant and young child feeding practices and food rations.
    [Show full text]
  • Cash and Markets Quarterly Dashboard - Somalia October - December 2018 Produced on 30Th January 2019
    Cash and Markets Quarterly Dashboard - Somalia October - December 2018 Produced on 30th January 2019 Introduction Recommended transfer values Table 1: Recommended transfer values (USD) Map 1: Percentage change in price of main cereal from October to December 2018 Cash-based interventions have been used by The CWG uses FSNAU's CMEB values as the basis Region Multi-purpose Food transfer humanitarian organisations in Somalia since 20031. for determining transfer value recommendations. transfer value value However significant variations have been noted in As per the decision of the CWG, food transfer value Awdal 85 (75) 80 (70) transfer values, sometimes in the same place by recommendations should correspond to 100% of the different organisations, with varying justifications. It is in cost of the food MEB, while multi-purpose transfer value Bakool 70 60 light of this that the Somalia Cash Working Group (CWG) recommendations should correspond to 80% of the Banaadir 65 50 started convening in February 2017, against a backdrop cost of the full MEB, both rounded to the nearest 5. In Bari 85 80 of an increase in number of agencies using cash-based addition, transfer value recommendations should remain Bay 50 30 interventions to respond to the 2016-2017 drought, fixed for three months at a time, and only be subject to with an aim to streamline the design, development change if the CMEB changes by more than 10% (see Galgaduud 100 90 and implementation of cash based interventions in the Tables 2 and 3 for details on the CMEB). Gedo 70 60 country. Within this, the CWG provides transfer value In consideration of this, in regions where a more than Hiraan 60 45 recommendations on a quarterly basis - based on the 10% change in the CMEB was recorded between October cost of the minimum expenditure basket (CMEB) - to Lower Juba 95 75 and December 2018, an updated recommendation is humanitarian organisations implementing cash-based Lower Shabelle 45 30 provided and the previous one is shown in brackets.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia's Role in the Horn of Africa
    Russia Foreign Policy Papers “E O” R’ R H A SAMUEL RAMANI FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE • RUSSIA FOREIGN POLICY PAPERS 1 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Author: Samuel Ramani The views expressed in this report are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Foreign Policy Research Institute, a non-partisan organization that seeks to publish well-argued, policy- oriented articles on American foreign policy and national security priorities. Eurasia Program Leadership Director: Chris Miller Deputy Director: Maia Otarashvili Editing: Thomas J. Shattuck Design: Natalia Kopytnik © 2020 by the Foreign Policy Research Institute July 2020 OUR MISSION The Foreign Policy Research Institute is dedicated to producing the highest quality scholarship and nonpartisan policy analysis focused on crucial foreign policy and national security challenges facing the United States. We educate those who make and influence policy, as well as the public at large, through the lens of history, geography, and culture. Offering Ideas In an increasingly polarized world, we pride ourselves on our tradition of nonpartisan scholarship. We count among our ranks over 100 affiliated scholars located throughout the nation and the world who appear regularly in national and international media, testify on Capitol Hill, and are consulted by U.S. government agencies. Educating the American Public FPRI was founded on the premise that an informed and educated citizenry is paramount for the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Illegality: the 'Range of Factors' Test and Its Likely Impact
    Learn - Develop - Connect legalpd.com Illegality: The 'range of factors' test and its likely impact Recorded: 12 October 2016 MASTERCLASS TRANSCRIPT Overview This 22-minute video examines the defence of illegality – from its 18th century origins to the radical changes made by the Supreme Court in 2016. Topics covered: • An overview of the doctrine of illegality • The origins of the defence of illegality • The extent to which the illegality defence is used today • The 1st limb: Was it illegal or immoral conduct? • The 2nd limb: Is the cause of action founded upon that illegality? • The facts of Patel v Mirza • The 'range of factors' test explained • The likely impact of the new test Cases referenced: • Holman v Johnson (1775) 1 Cowp. 341 • Everet v Williams (1725); see (1893) 9 L.Q.R. 197 • Beaumont v Ferrer [2016] EWCA Civ 768 • Les Laboratoires Servier v Apotex Inc [2014] UKSC 55 • Tinsley v Milligan [1994] 1 A.C. 340 • Patel v Mirza [2016] UKSC 42 Learn - Develop - Connect legalpd.com Presenter profile Carl Troman, 4 New Square Based at 4 New Square, Carl Troman is a commercial litigator with particular expertise and experience in disputes involving insurance, professional liability, classic and super cars (including motorsports), property damage and costs. He is also a formally accredited mediator and acts as an arbitrator. Carl is recommended as a leading junior in the fields of both insurance and professional negligence by Chambers & Partners 2016 – being described as "super-intelligent with great interpersonal skills", and "very user-friendly and good on tactics". Carl is also ranked in the 2016 Legal 500 and has been described as "outstanding" and "an accomplished advocate".
    [Show full text]
  • Scholarship@PITT LAW Gatekeeping
    Pittsburgh University School of Law Scholarship@PITT LAW Articles Faculty Publications 2004 Gatekeeping Peter B. Oh University of PIttsburgh School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.pitt.edu/fac_articles Part of the Banking and Finance Law Commons, Business and Corporate Communications Commons, Business Intelligence Commons, Business Organizations Law Commons, Corporate Finance Commons, Evidence Commons, Finance and Financial Management Commons, and the Securities Law Commons Recommended Citation Peter B. Oh, Gatekeeping, 29 Journal of Corporation Law 753 (2004). Available at: https://scholarship.law.pitt.edu/fac_articles/134 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship@PITT LAW. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@PITT LAW. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Gatekeeping Peter B. Oh* ABSTRACT Gatekeeping is a metaphor ubiquitous across disciplines and within fields of law. Generally, gatekeeping comprises an actor monitoring the quality of information, products, or services. Specific conceptions of gatekeeping functions have arisen independently within corporate and evidentiary law. Corporate gatekeeping entails deciding whether to grant or withhold support necessary for financial disclosure; evidentiary gatekeeping entails assessing whether expert knowledge is relevant and reliable for admissibility. This article is the first to identify substantive
    [Show full text]
  • Somalian Turvallisuustilanne 28.6.2016
    1 (42) MUISTIO MIG-168269 06.03.00 MIGDno-2016-706 28.06.2016 SOMALIAN TURVALLISUUSTILANNE KESÄKUUSSA 2016 Sisällysluettelo 1. Yleiset turvallisuusolosuhteet ...................................................................................... 2 2. Konfliktin vaikutukset siviiliväestöön ............................................................................ 7 3. Turvallisuustilanne alueittain tammi - toukokuussa 2016 ........................................... 10 3.1. Lower Jubba ............................................................................................................. 11 3.2. Gedo ......................................................................................................................... 12 3.3. Bay ............................................................................................................................ 14 3.4. Bakool ....................................................................................................................... 15 3.5. Middle Jubba ............................................................................................................. 15 3.6. Lower Shabelle ......................................................................................................... 15 3.7. Benadir - Mogadishu ................................................................................................. 18 3.8. Middle Shabelle ......................................................................................................... 22 3.9. Hiiraan .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]