An Open Letter from the Ecological and Environmental Sciences Community Regarding the New Preproposal Process in the Directorate of Biological Sciences

August 21, 2012

Dr. Subra Suresh, Director, National Dr. Katherine Gross, Member, BIO AC Science Foundation Dr. Nalini Nadkarni, Member, BIO AC Dr. Cora Marrett, Deputy Director, Dr. John Wingfield, Assistant Director, National Science Foundation Directorate for Biological Sciences Dr. Dan Arvizu, Chair, National Science Dr. Joann Roskoski, Deputy Assistant Board Director, Directorate for Biological Dr. Kelvin Droegemeier, Vice Chairman, Sciences National Science Board (NSB) Dr. Parag Chitnis, Division Director, Dr. Bonnie Bassler, Member, NSB Division of Molecular and Cellular Dr. Alan Leshner, Member, NSB Biosciences Dr. G. P. “Bud” Peterson, Member, NSB Dr. Judith Verbeke, Acting Division Dr. Douglas Randall, Member, NSB Director, Division of Biological Dr. Joseph Travis, Chair, Advisory Infrastructure Committee for Environmental Research Dr. Jane Silverthorne, Division Director, and Education (AC-ERE) Division of Integrative Organismal Dr. Anthony Janetos, AC-ERE Systems Dr. Stephanie Pfirman, AC-ERE Dr. Alan Townsend, Division Director, Dr. José Nelson Onuchic, Chair, Division of Environmental Biology Directorate for Biological Sciences Dr. Chuck Liarakos, Senior Policy Advisor, Advisory Committee (BIO AC) Directorate for Biological Sciences Dr. Carol Brewer, Member, BIO AC

Dear Directors, Chairs, and Members of Boards and Committees:

We are writing as members of the ecological and environmental biology community to voice our disappointment with the newly adopted process by which proposals are reviewed within some Divisions of the Directorate for Biological Sciences1. We recognize that increasing proposal submissions and declining funding rates are creating undue burdens on Program Directors, investigators, and the community of reviewers. Nevertheless, we feel that the new preproposal process is slowing the pace of science at a time when societyʼs need is increasing for timely and sound science to inform solutions to tough environmental problems. Moreover, the new process does not ensure that the best science is funded with the limited funds that are available.

1 The new process in the Divisions of Environmental Biology and Integrative Organismal Systems consists of a single preproposal due date in January each year followed by a single full proposal submission deadline in August each year (by invitation only). An individual may be PI, co-PI, or lead senior investigator of a subaward on only two preproposals per year. See http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2011/nsf11078/nsf11078.jsp?org=NSF. The preproposal process slows the pace of science in the following ways.

. The process creates an exceedingly long lag between the time when ideas are first proposed and when funding becomes available to investigators. Even if the two preproposals allowed per Investigator per year are successful, it takes over one year from submission to funding (as opposed to 6-9 months in the former system). This lag time increases to over two years or longer if a preproposal is unsuccessful. The increased lag period comes at a time when the rapid pace of environmental change requires science-based solutions to address societal needs. It also hinders the development and deployment of new tools and technologies (e.g., molecular and informatic) that inform solutions that address such rapid environmental change. The long lag between idea generation and funding is particularly hard on junior scientists who are establishing their research programs, but also hinders progress of more senior scientists seeking to sustain active research programs and to educate the next generation of scientists.

. The process limits the scope of science by (1) selecting against complex, interdisciplinary science that cannot be convincingly described in four pages and (2) hindering collaboration among scientists (by limiting the number of submissions per investigator per year) at a time when research programs and teams need to be increasingly multifaceted, innovative, and interdisciplinary to address complex issues.

. The process limits feedback to scientists, slowing the pace at which creative ideas advance during the iterative submission-resubmission process, because of the lack of ad hoc reviews for proposals. Although investigators faced low rates of proposal success with the former process, it at least offered comprehensive feedback and allowed for relatively quick resubmission, increasing the chances for success with future submissions.

. The delays, the reduced opportunities for collaborative proposals, and the more limited feedback are likely to have a disproportionate effect on young scientists and members of groups who are not yet well represented in our science. We fear that this new process will result in the loss of some very promising people from the pipeline who are already discouraged by bleak prospects for funding research.

We are optimistic that thoughtful modifications of the new preproposal process, made in consultation with the ecological and environmental sciences community, will ensure that science progresses as rapidly as possible given the level of funds available, thereby providing maximum benefit to society. In any such modifications, we believe it is essential (1) to ease current restrictions that limit collaboration and the pursuit of high-risk, high- reward ideas and (2) to provide two deadlines per year, even if that requires taking other measures, such as reducing the number of ad hoc reviews or reducing proposal length, to ensure reasonable workloads for NSF staff and the reviewer community. Sincerely,

Sarah E. Hobbie Professor, Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior and Resident Fellow, Institute on the Environment University of Minnesota Saint Paul, MN

Pamela A. Matson Chester Norman Dean of the School of Earth Sciences; Richard and Rhoda Goldman Professor of Environmental Studies; and Senior Fellow, Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University Stanford, CA

Whendee L. Silver Professor, Dept of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, and Ecology Faculty, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA

Peter M. Vitousek Clifford G. Morrison Professor of Population and Resource Studies, Dept of Biology and Senior Fellow, Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University Stanford, CA

Diana H. Wall University Distinguished Professor; Director, School of Global Environmental Sustainability and Professor of Biology; and Senior Research Scientist, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO

And 550 additional signatories: Byron Adams Zachary T Aanderud Cheyenne M Adams Associate Professor Assistant Professor Undergraduate Dept of Biology Dept of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Zoology Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories Brigham Young University Southern Illinois University Brigham Young University Provo, UT Carbondale, IL Provo, UT

William W Adams Greta Aeby Victor A Albert Professor Asstistant Researcher Professor Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology Dept of Biological Sciences University of Colorado University of Hawaii University at Buffalo Boulder, CO Kaneohe, HI Buffalo, NY

Sonia Altizer Neel Aluru Priyanga Amarasekare Associate Professor Assistant Scientist Professor Associate Dean of Academic Affairs Biology Dept Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Odum School of Ecology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution University of California University of Georgia Woods Hole, MA Los Angeles, CA Athens, GA

Roger A Anderson Donald M Anderson Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira Professor Senior Scientist Postdoctoral Scientist Biology Dept Biology Dept Energy Biosciences Institute Western Washington University Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Bellingham, WA Woods Hole, MA Urbana, IL

David A Andow Janis Antonovics Amy Apprill Distinguished McKnight University Professor Professor Assistant Scientist Dept of Entomology Dept of Biology Dept of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry University of Minnesota University of Virginia Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution St Paul, MN Charlottesville, VA Woods Hole, MA

Steven R Archer Clay P Arango Marcelo Ardon Professor Research Associate Assistant Professor School of Natural Resources and the Biology Biology Environment Central Washington University East Carolina University University of Arizona Ellensburg, WA Greenville, NC Tucson, AZ

Giri Athrey David W Armitage Heidi Asbjornsen Postdoctoral Scientist Graduate Student Associate Professor Vector Biology Integrative Biology Natural Resources and the Environment Entomology University of California University of New Hampshire Texas A&M University Berkeley, CA Durham, NH College Station, TX

Lisa August-Schmidt Amy T Austin Peter Baas Graduate Student Associate Professor Graduate student Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology Dept Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Odum School of Ecology University of California University of Buenos Aires University of Georgia Santa Barbara, CA Buenos Aires, Argentina Athens, GA

Sara G Baer Joseph K Bailey Lisa Bain Associate Professor Assistant Professor Professor Dept of Plant Biology Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Biological Sciences Center for Ecology University of Tennessee Clemson University Southern Illinois University Knoxville, TN Clemson, SC Carbondale, IL

Nick J Balster William S Baldwin Associate Professor David A Baltrus Professor Dept of Soil Science/Nelson Institute for Assistant Professor Biological Sciences Environmental Studies Plant Sciences Clemson University Affiliate, Dept of Forest & Wildlife Ecology University of Arizona Clemson, SC University of Wisconsin Tucson, AZ Madison, WI Rebecca T Barnes George Basile Barbara Battelle Postdoctoral Scientist Professor, School of Sustainability Professor Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Senior Scientist, Global Insitute of Sustainability Neuroscience and Biology Rutgers University Arizona State University University of Florida Whitney Laboratory New Brunswick, NJ Tempe, AZ St Augustine, FL

Aaron M Bauer Sarah A. Batterman Kristen A. Baum Professor and Gerald M. Lemole Endowed Chair Graduate Student Associate Professor in Integrative Biology Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept of Zoology Dept of Biology Princeton University Oklahoma State University Villanova University Princeton, NJ Stillwater, OK Villanova, PA

Steven R Beissinger Tracy L Benning Jonathan Benstead Professor Associate Professor Associate Professor Dept of Environmental Science, Policy and Dept of Environmental Science Dept of Biological Sciences Management University of San Francisco University of Alabama University of California San Francisco, CA Tuscaloosa, AL Berkeley, CA

Joan M Bernhard Alison M Berry Mark D Bertness Senior Scientist Professor Robert P Brown Professor of Biology Geology and Geophysics Plant Sciences Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution University of California Brown University Woods Hole, MA Davis, CA Providence, RI

Sharon A Billings Dan Binkley Neil D Bettez Associate Professor Professor Postdoctoral Scientist Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Kansas Biological Survey Colorado State University Millbrook, NY University of Kansas Fort Collins, CO Lawrence, KS

George W Bird Jeffrey A Bird John G Bishop Professor Assistant Professor, School of Earth and Professor Entomology Environmental Sciences School of Biological Sciences Nematology Queens College, City University of New York Washington State University Michigan State University Flushing, NY Vancouver, WA East Lansing, MI

Joel D Blum John M Blair Michael J Blum Professor, Dept of Earth and Environmental University Distinguished Professor Associate Professor Sciences Edwin G. Brychta Professor of Biology Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Professor, Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Division of Biology Tulane Universtiy Biology Kansas State University New Orleans, LA University of Michigan Manhattan, KS Ann Arbor, MI

Robert I Bolla Claudia M Boot Gerald Borgia Adjunct Professor Research Scientist Professor Dept Chemistry and Biochemistry Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Dept of Biology Consultant Colorado State University University of Maryland Bradley University Fort Collins, CO College park, MD Peoria, IL

Janette W Boughman Associate Professor, Dept of Zoology Thomas W Boutton Dave Bowling BEACON Center for Evolution in Action Regents Professor Associate Professor Ecology, Evolutionary Biology & Behavior Dept Ecosystem Science and Management Biology Program Texas A&M University University of Utah Michigan State University College Station, TX Salt Lake City, UT East Lansing, MI

Justin G Boyles William D Bowman Alison G Boyer Assistant Professor Professor Research Assistant Professor Dept of Zoology Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cooperative Wildlife Research Lab University of Colorado University of Tennessee Southern Illinois University Boulder, CO Knoxville, TN Carbondale, IL Mark A Bradford Sara Brant Francis H Bozzolo Assistant Professor of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Assistant Professor, Collections Postdoctoral Scientist Ecology Manager Division of Parasites Dept of Biology School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Dept of Biology/Museum of Southwestern Biology San Diego State University Yale University University of New Mexico San Diego, CA New Haven, CT Albuquerque, NM

David D Breshears John M Briggs Scott D Bridgham Professor Professor of Biology Director, Environmental Science Institute School of Natural Resources and the Director of Konza Prairie Biological Station Professor, Dept of Biology Environment Division of Biology University of Oregon University of Arizona Kansas State University Eugene, OR Tucson, AZ Manhattan, KS

Cynthia S Brown Bonnie L Brown Eben N Broadbent Associate Profressor Professor Fellow Dept of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Associate Chair Sustainability Science Program Management Dept of Biology Harvard University Faculty, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Virginia Commonwealth University Cambridge, MA Colorado State University Richmond, VA Fort Collins, CO

Jesse L Brunner Kate M Buckeridge Thomas D Bullen Assistant Professor Postdoctoral Scientist Research Hydrologist School of Biological Sciences Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology Water Mission Area Washington State University University of California US Geological Survey Pullman, WA Santa Barbara, CA Menlo Park, CA

Robyn J Burnham Andy G Bunn David A. Burney Associate Professor, Dept Ecology and Associate Professor, Dept of Env Sciences Professor of Conservation Paleobiology Evolutionary Biology Director, Institute for Energy Studies Director of Conservation Curator of Paleobotany, Museum of Paleontology Western Washington University National Tropical Botanical Garden University of Michigan Bellingham, WA Kalaheo, HI Ann Arbor, MI

Brad J Butterfield Loren Byrne Sarah E Bush Assistant Research Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Dept of Biology Biology, Marine Biology and Environmental Biology Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Science University of Utah Research Roger Williams University Salt Lake City, UT Northern Arizona University Bristol, RI Flagstaff, AZ

Randy Calcote Janine N Caira Gloria V Callard Research Associate Professor Professor Limnological Research Center Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Biology Dept of Earth Sciences University of Connecticut Boston University University of Minnesota Storrs, CT Boston , MA Minneapolis, MN

David C Campbell Lisa Campbell Diane R Campbell Visiting Professor Professor Professor Natural Sciences Dept of Oceanography and Dept of Biology Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Gardner-Webb University Texas A&M University University of California Boiling Springs, NC College Station, TX Irvine, CA

Raquel Campos-Herrera Mariah S Carbone Sharon A. Cantrell Postdoctoral Scientist Postdoctoral Scientist Professor Dept of Entomology and Nematology National Center for Ecological Analysis and Dept of Biology Citrus Research and Education Center Synthesis Universidad del Turabo University of Florida University of California Gurabo, PR Lake Alfred, FL Santa Barbara, CA

Bradley J Cardinale Zoe G Cardon Catherine L Cardelús Assistant Professor, School of Natural Resources Senior Scientist, The Ecosystems Center Assistant Professor and Environment Professor, Brown University Dept of Geological Dept of Biology Director, Conservation Ecology Sciences Colgate University University of Michigan Marine Biological Laboratory Hamilton, NY Ann Arbor, MI Woods Hole, MA Pablo Castillo Oliver A Chadwick Tonnie L C Casey Research Nematologist Professor Biological Technician Institute for Sustainable Agriculture Dept of Geography National Park Service Crop Protection University of California Volcano, HI Spanish Council for Scientifc Research Santa Barbara, CA Cordoba, Spain

Michael R Chang Kwang Poo Chang Samantha K Chapman Graduate Student Professor Assistant Professor Biology Dept of Microbiology/Immunologyu Dept of Biology Sustainability Chicago Medical School/RFUMS Villanova University University of New Mexico North Chicago, IL Villanova, PA Albuquerque, NM

Christian J Che-Castaldo Peter Chesson Daniel L Childers Graduate Student Professor Professor Biology Dept Ecology and Evolutionary Biology School of Sustainability University of Maryland University of Arizona Arizona State University College Park, MD Tucson, AZ Tempe, AZ

Anne Chin Aimee T Classen Elsa E Cleland Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor Geography and Environmental Sciences Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ecology, Behavior and Evolution Section University of Colorado University of Tennessee University of California, San Diego Denver, CO Knoxville, TN La Jolla, CA

Neil S Cobb Cory C Cleveland Jonathan J Cole Director Associate Professor Senior Scientist Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences G.E. Hutchinson Chair Research University of Montana Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Northern Arizona University Missoula, MT Millbrook, NY Flagstaff, AZ

Vincent A Connors David C Coleman Professor Maureen H Conte Research Professor Emeritus Biology, Marine Biology and Environmental Associate Scientist Odum School of Ecology Science Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences University of Georgia University of South Carolina Upstate St Georges, Bermuda Athens, GA Spartanburg, SC

Jerry L Cook Joy Cookingham Stella Copeland Professor Graduate Student Graduate Student Dept of Biological Sciences Dept Land, Air, and Water Resources Environmental Science and Policy Associate Vice President for Research University of California University of California Sam Houston State University Davis, CA Davis, CA Huntsville, TX

Meggan E Craft Sandra B Correa Francesca Cotrufo Assistant Professor, Dept of Veterinary Postdoctoral Scientist Professor Population Medicine Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences Soil and Crop Science Institute on the Environment Resident Fellow Texas A&M University Colorado State University University of Minnesota College Station, TX Fort Collins, CO St Paul, MN

Charles D Criscione Joseph M Craine Kermit Cromack, Jr. Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Professor Emeritus Dept of Biology Division of Biology Forest Ecosystems and Society Faculty of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Kansas State University Oregon State University Texas A&M University Manhattan, KS Corvallis, OR College Station, TX

James T Cronin Carla M D'Antonio Paolo D'Odorico Professor Professor Professor Biological Sciences Ecology,Evolution and Marine Biology Dept of Environmental sciences Louisiana State University University of California University of Virginia Baton Rouge, LA Santa Barbara, CA Charlottesville, VA Laura J Dane Brent J Dalzell David L Daniell Graduate Student Research Associate Professor Dept of Environmental Science, Policy and Soil, Water, and Climate Biological Sciences Management University of Minnesota Butler University University of California St Paul, MN Indianapolis, IN Berkeley, CA

Goggy Davidowitz Ana Davidson Assistant Professor Eric A Davidson Postdoctoral Scientist Dept of Entomology President Biology Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Woods Hole Research Center University of New Mexico University of Arizona Falmouth, MA Albuquerque, NM Tucson, AZ

Todd E Dawson Kendi F Davies Susan D Day Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Integrative Biology and Environmental Science, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Forest res and environmental conserv Policy and Manangement University of Colorado Virginia Tech University of California Boulder, CO Blacksburg, VA Berkeley, CA

M Denise Dearing Marie-Anne de Graaff Kristen M DeAngelis Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Dept of Biology Dept of Biology Microbiology Dept Associate Dean for Research College of Science Boise State University University of Massachusetts University of Utah Boise, ID Amherst, MA Salt Lake City, UT

Andre A Dhondt Jared L DeForest Julie S Denslow Morgens Professor of Ornithology Associate Professor Adjunct Professor Cornell Lab of Ornithology Environmental and Plant Biology Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Ohio University Tulane University Cornell University Athens, OH New Orleans, LA Ithaca, NY

John Dighton Sibyl Diver Katrina M Dlugosch Professor, Director Pinelands Field Station Graduate Student Assistant Professor Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences and Dept of Environmental Science, Policy, and Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Biology Dept (Camden) Management University of Arizona Rutgers University University of California Tucson, AZ New Lisbon, NJ Berkeley, CA

Thomas W Dolan Kathryn M Docherty Walter K Dodds Postdoctoral Scientist Assistant Professor University Distinguished Professor Environmental and Aquatic Animal Health Dept of Biological Sciences Division of Biology School of Marine Science Western Michigan University Kansas State University College of William and Mary Kalamazoo, MI Manhattan, KS Gloucester Point, VA

Eric A Dubinsky Donald R Drake Hugh W Ducklow Postdoctoral Scientist Associate Professor Director Ecology Dept Botany Dept The Ecosystems Center Earth Sciences Division University of Hawaii at Manoa Marine Biological Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Honolulu, HI Woods Hole, MA Berkeley, CA

Amy E Dunham Ray Dybzinski Jennnifer A Dunne Assistant Professor Associate Research Scholar Professor Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Santa Fe Institute Rice University Princeton University Santa Fe, NM Houston, TX Princeton, NJ

Andrew J Elmore Virginia P Edgcomb Robert L Edmonds Associate Professor Research Specialist Professor Appalachian Lab Dept of Geology and Geophysics School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Maryland Center for Environmental Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution University of Washington Science Woods Hole, MA Seattle, WA Frostburg, MD Sara E Emery Virginia J Emery Katharina AM Engelhardt Graduate Student Graduate Student Research Associate Professor Environmental Science, Policy and Management Environmental Science, Policy and Management Appalachian Lab

ESPM ESPM University of Maryland Center for Environmental University of California University of California Science Berkeley, CA Berkeley, CA Frostburg, MD

Margaret E K Evans Micky D Eubanks Brian J Enquist Postdoctoral Scientist, National Museum of Professor and AgriLife Research Fellow Professor Natural History, Paris, France Dept of Entomology Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Person of Interest, Dept of Ecology and Texas A&M University University of Arizona Evolutionary Biology Texas A&M University Tucson, AZ University of Arizona College Station, TX Tucson, AZ

Ned Fetcher Kaitlin J Farrell Chris R Feldman Project Coordinator Graduate Student Assistant Professor Institute for Environmental Science and Odum School of Ecology Biology Dept Sustainability University of Georgia University of Nevada Wilkes University Athens, GA Reno, NV Wilkes-Barre, PA

Noah Fierer Jacques C Finlay Associate Professor, Dept of Ecology and Associate Professor, Dept of Ecology, Evolution Adrien C Finzi Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Professor of Biology Fellow, Cooperative Institute for Research in Resident Fellow, Institute on the Environment Boston University Environmental Sciences University of Minnesota Boston, MA University of Colorado St Paul, MN Boulder, CO

Matthew C Fitzpatrick Cinzia Fissore William K Fitt Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Professor of Ecology and Marine Science Appalachian Laboratory Biology and Environmental Science Odum School of Ecology University of Maryland Center for Environmental Whittier College University of Georgia Science Whittier, CA Athens, GA Frostburg, MD

Sam M Flaxman Marilyn L Fogel Jon Foley Assistant Professor Senior Scientist Director, Institute on the Environment Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Geophysical Lab McKnight Presidential Chair in Global Ecology University of Colorado Carnegie Institution University of Minnesota Boulder, CO Washington, DC St Paul, MN

Matthew L Forister Stanley F Fox Douglas A Frank Assistant Professor Regents Professor of Zoology Professor Biology Dept Dept of Zoology Biology Dept University of Nevada Oklahoma State University Syracuse University Reno, NV Stillwater, OK Syracuse, NY

Janet Franklin Steven J Franks Suzanne Fredericq Professor Assistant Professor Professor of Biology School of Geographical Siences and Urban Biology Biology Planning Fordham University University of Louisiana Arizona State University Bronx, NY Lafayette, LA Tempe, AZ

Serita D Frey Claire Fuller Jennifer L Funk Professor Professor Assistant Professor Natural Resources and the Environment Dept of Biology School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New Hampshire Murray State University Chapman University Durham, NH Murray, KY Orange, CA

Candace Galen Rachel E Gallery Michael L Garcia Professor Assistant Professor Associate Professor Division of Biological Sciences School of Natural Resources and Environment Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri University of Arizona University of Missouri Columbia, MO Tucson, AZ Columbia, MO Scott L Gardner Michael Garstang Monica L Gaylord Professor Emeritus Research Professor, Dept of Assistant Research Professor School of Biological Sciences Environmental Sciences School of Forestry Museum / Parasitology Division Emeritus Research Professor Northern Arizona University Universty of Nebraska University of Virginia Flagstaff, AZ Lincoln, NE Charlottesville, VA

Patricia G Gensel Christian P Giardina Daniel J Geisseler Professor Research Ecologist Postdoctoral Scientist Biology Dept Natural Resources and Environmental Land, Air and Water Resources Curriculum for the Environment and Ecology Management University of California University of North Carolina University of Hawaii Davis, CA Chapel Hill, NC Hilo, HI

Anne E Giblin Joshua H Goldstein Kate R Goldstein Senior Scientist Assistant Professor Graduate Student The Ecosystems Center Dept of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Building Technology Marine Biological Laboratory Colorado State University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Woods Hole, MA Fort Collins, CO Cambridge, MA

Russell Greenberg Daniela Goltsman Stuart Grandy Director Graduate Student Assistant Professor Migratory Bird Center Environmental Science Natural Resources and Environment Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute University of California University of New Hampshire Smithsonian Institution Berkeley, CA Durham, NH Washington, DC

Wulfila Gronenberg Daniel S Gruner Peter M Groffman Associate Professor Assistant Professor Senior Scientist Dept of Neuroscience Dept of Entomology Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies University of Arizona University of Maryland Millbrook, NY Tucson, AZ College Park, MD

Robert P Guralnick Omar Gutiérrez del Arroyo Michael G Hadfield Associate Professor Graduate Student Professor, Dept of Biology Curator/CU Musuem of Nat. Hist. Dept of Biology University of Hawaii at Manoa University of Colorado University of Puerto Rico Researcher, Kewalo Marine Laboratory Boulder, CO Río Piedras, PR Honolulu, HI

Steven J Hall Mark E Hahn Sharon J Hall Graduate Student Senior Scientist and Chair Associate Professor Dept of Environmental Science, Policy, and Biology Dept School of Life Sciences Management Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Arizona State University University of California Woods Hole, MA Tempe, AZ Berkeley, CA

John E Hall James L Hamrick Ben Hanelt Professor Emeritus Regents Professor Research Assistant Professor Dept of Microbiology Dept of Plant Biology Biology West Virginia University University of Georgia University of New Mexico Morgantown, VA Athens, GA Albuquerque, NM

Tamara K Harms David C Hartnett Assistant Professor Johanna A Harvey University Distinguished Professor Institute of Arctic Biology/Dept of Biology and Graduate Student Division of Biology Wildlife Texas A&M University Kansas State University University of Alaska College Station, TX Manhattan, KS Fairbanks, AK

Kyle J Haynes Mark Hebblewhite Valerie J Harwood Research Assistant Professor Associate Professor Professor Dept of Environmental Sciences Wildlife Biology Program, Dept of Ecosystem and DeptIntegrative Biology Blandy Experimental Farm Conservation Sciences University of South Florida University of Virginia University of Montana Tampa, FL Charlottesville, VA Missoula, MT Arjun M Heimsath Ryan F Hechinger Jim Heffernan Associate Professor, School of Earth and Space Associate Research Scientist Assistant Professor Exploration Marine Science Institute Nicholas School of the Environment Sr. Sustainability Scientist, School of University of California Duke University Sustainability Santa Barbara, CA Durham, NC Arizona State University Tempe, AZ

Eric C Hellgren Terry W Henkel Evon R Hekkala Professor Professor Assistant Professor Dept of Zoology Biological Sciences Biological Sciences Cooperative Wildlife Research Lab Mycology & Tropical Ecology Lab Fordham University Southern Illinois University Humboldt State University New York, NY Carbondale, IL Arcata, CA

Michael A Herman Darrell A Herbert Professor of Biology Kristin K Herrmann Research Associate Co-Director of the KSU Ecological Genomics Assistant Professor Biology Institute Dept of Biological Science Southeast Environmental Research Center Division of Biology Tarleton State University Florida International University Kansas State University Stephenville, TX Miami, FL Manhattan, KS

Anne E Hershey Ryan C Hill Ivan Hiltpold Professor Graduate Student Senior Scientist Dept of Biology Landscape Ecology Dept of Plant Science University of North Carolina at Greensboro University of California University of Missouri Greensboro, NC Davis, CA Columbia, MO

Guy A Hoelzer Jodi A Hilty Associate Professor Kay E Holekamp Director Dept of Biology Professor, EEBB North America Program Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Professor, Zoology Wildlife Conservation Society Biology Michigan State University Bozeman, MT University of Nevada East Lansing, MI Reno, NV

Kristine N Hopfensperger William R Horwath David U Hooper Assistant Professor Professor of Soil Biogeochemistry Professor, Dept of Biology Dept of Biological Sciences Land, Air and Water Resources Western Washington University Northern Kentucky University University of California Bellingham, WA Highland Heights, KY Davis, CA

Sara C Hotchkiss Stephen M Hovick Associate Professor Benjamin Z Houlton Postdoctoral Scientist Botany Associate Professor of Terrestrial Biochemistry Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Center for Climatic Research University of California Rice University University of Wisconsin Davis, CA Houston, TX Madison, WI

Elizabeth Hoyos David P Huber Raymond B Huey Research Scientist Graduate Student Professor Biochemistry Biology Dept of Biology College of Agriculture Idaho State University University of Washington University of Missouri Pocatello, ID Seattle, WA Columbia, MO

Todd C Huspeni Richard Flint Hughes Bruce A Hungate Associate Professor Research Ecologist Professor, Biological Sciences Dept of Biology and Museum of Natural History Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Director, Colorado Plateau Analytical Laboratory Curator of Parasites USDA-Forest Service Northern Arizona University University of WI - Stevens Point Hilo, HI Flagstaff, AZ Stevens Point, WI

Russell E Ingham Michael A Huston Travis E Huxman Professor Professor Professor, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Botany and Plant Pathology Dept of Biology Director, Center for Environmental Biology College of Agricultural Sciences Texas State University University of California Oregon State University San Marcos, TX Irvine, CA Corvallis, OR Faith Inman-Narahari Forest I Isbell Todd R Jackman Graduate Student, Ecology and Evolutionary Postdoctoral Scientist Associate Professor Biology Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Dept of Biology University of California University of Minnesota Villanova University Los Angeles, CA Saint Paul, MN Villanova, PA

Randall D Jackson Louise E Jackson James C Johnson Associate Professor Professor Associate Professor Dept of Agronomy Dept of Land, Air and Water Resources Mathematics and Natural Sciences Chair, Agroecology MS Program University of California Arizona State University University of Wisconsin Davis, CA Tempe, AZ Madison, WI

Holly P Jones Melissa A. Johnson Clive G Jones Assistant Professor Graduate Student Senior Scientist, Ecologist Biological Sciences Botany Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies ESE Institute Claremont Graduate University Millbrook, NY Northern Illiniois University Claremont, CA DeKalb, IL

Mark J Jordan Ari Jumpponen Margarete M Kalin Assistant Professor Associate Professor Adjunct Professor Biology Division of Biology Mining Seattle University Kansas State University Queens University Seattle, WA Manhattan, KS Kingston, ON

Vaishali Katju Les Kaufman Adam D Kay Assistant Professor Professor Associate Professor Biology Biology Dept of Biology University of New Mexico Boston University University of St. Thomas Albuquerque, NM Boston, MA St Paul, MN

Stephen R Keller Jason P Kaye Kimberly Kellett Assistant Professor Associate Professor Graduate Student Appalachian Laboratory Dept of Ecosystem Science and Management Odum School of Ecology University of Maryland Center for Environmental Penn State University of Georgia Science University Park, PA Athens, GA Frostburg, MD

Peter M Kiffney Megan Kelso Angela D Kent Research ecologist, Watershed Program Graduate Student, Environmental Science and Associate Professor Adjunct Associate Professor, College of the Policy Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Environment, University of Washington University of California University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Northwest Fisheries Science Center Davis, CA Urbana, IL Seattle, WA

A Marm Kilpatrick Sarah Kimball Joshua R King Assistant Professor Program Coordinator Assistant Professor Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Center for Environmental Biology Biology Dept University of California University of California University of Central Florida Santa Cruz, CA Irvine, CA Orlando, FL

John N Kittinger Rachel L King Michael T Kinnison Early Career Fellow Masters student Professor Center for Ocean Solutions Ecology Dept School of Biology and Ecology Woods Institute for the Environment University of Georgia University of Maine Stanford University Athens, GA Orono, ME Monterey, CA

Alan K Knapp Vanja Klepac-Ceraj Pavel B Klimov Senior Ecologist, Graduate Degree Program in Assistant Professor Assistant Research Scientist Ecology Biological Sciences Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Professor, Dept of Biology Wellesley College University of Michigan Colorado State University Wellesley, MA Ann Arbor, MI Fort Collins, CO Anson V Koehler George W Koch Adrienne I Kovach Postdoctoral Scientist Professor Assistant Research Professor Molecular Parasitology Biological Sciences Natural Resources and the Environment Veterinary Science Northern Arizona University University of New Hampshire University of Melbourne Flagstaff, AZ Durham, NH Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Marc G Kramer Jennifer Adams Krumins Thomas A. Kursar Associate Research Scientist Assistant Professor Professor Earth and Planetary Science Dept of Biology Dept of Biology University of California Montclair State University University of Utah Santa Cruz, CA Montclair, NJ Salt Lake City, UT

Kate Lajtha Iara Lacher William J Landesman Professor, Dept Crop and Soil Science Graduate Student Assistant Professor Director, Dual Degree Program in Sustainability, Environmental Science and Policy Biology Oregon State University University of California Green Mountain College Oregon State University Davis, CA Poultney, VT Corvallis, OR

Beverly E Law Deborah Lawrence Tali D Lee Professor Professor Associate Professor Forest Ecosystems and Society Environmental Sciences Dept Biology Dept Adjunct Professor, Atmospheric Sciences University of Virginia University of Wisconsin Oregon State University Charlottesville, VA Eau Claire, WI Corvallis, OR

Jo-Ann C Leong Mathew A Leibold Manuel T Lerdau Professor and Director Professor Professor, Dept of Environmental Sciences Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology Section of Integrative Biology Professor, Dept of Biology School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology University of Texas University of Virginia University of Hawaii at Manoa Austin, TX Charlottesville, VA Kanoeh, HI

Carri J LeRoy Michael Levy J D Lewis Member of the Faculty Graduate Student Professor and Chair Environmental Studies Program Ecology Graduate Group Biological Sciences Evergreen State College University of California Fordham University Olympia, WA Davis, CA Bronx, NY

Sarah M Lewis Harvey B Lillywhite Graduate Student David A Liberles Professor Environmental Science Associate Professor Dept of Biology ESPM University of Wyoming University of Florida University of California Laramie, WY Gainesville, FL Berkeley, CA

Charlotte Lindqvist Richard L Lindroth Yan B Linhart Assistant Professor Professor and Associate Dean for Research Professor Emeritus Dept of Biological Sciences Entomology and Zoology Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University at Buffalo University of Wisconsin University of Colorado Buffalo, NY Madison, WI Boulder, CO

Paul J Linser Marcy E Litvak Xuejun Liu Professor, Whitney Laboratory Associate Professor Guest Professor Adjunct Professor, Entomology and Nematology Biology Dept of Biology University of Florida University of New Mexico Stanford University St. Augustine, FL Albuquerque, NM Polo Alto, CA

Kathleen A Lohse Michael E Loik Wen Long Assistant Professor Associate Professor Scientist Dept of Biological Sciences Environmental Studies DOE PNNL Idaho State University University of California PNNL Marine Science Lab Pocatello, ID Santa Cruz, CA Seattle, WA Yiqi Luo Elizabeth Lynch Michelle C Mack Professor Associate Professor Associate Professor Microbiology and Plant Biology Biology Dept of Biology University of Oklahoma Luther College University of Florida Norman, OK Decorah, IA Gainesville, FL

Laurie B Marczak Fred T Mackenzie Erika Marin-Spiotta Assistant Professor, Wildlife Biology Program, Professor Emeritus Assistant Professor Dept of Ecosystem and Conservation Science, Dept of Oceanography Geography College of Forestry and Conservation, University University of Hawaii at Manoa University of Wisconsin of Montana Honolulu, HI Madison, WI Missoula, MT

Stuart E Marsh Jennifer Marlon Interim Director and Professor, School of Natural Kendall J Martin Associate Research Scientist Resources and the Environment Associate Professor School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Chair, Arid Lands Resource Sciences, Dept of Biology Yale University Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program William Paterson University New Haven, CT University of Arizona Wayne, NJ Tucson, AZ

Rick E Masonbrink Virginia Matzek Heather R McCarthy Postdoctoral Scientist Assistant Professor Assistant Professor EEOB Dept Environmental Studies and Sciences Microbiology and Plant Biology Iowa State University Santa Clara University University of Oklahoma Ames , IA Santa Clara, CA Norman, OK

Moana L McClellan Kelly McConnaughay Rebecca L McCulley Graduate Student Professor, Dept of Biology Associate Professor Dept of Plant Biology Director, Center for STEM Education Dept of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Minnesota Bradley University University of Kentucky St Paul, MN Peoria, IL Lexington, KY

Kendra K McLauchlan Raul F Medina Frederick C Meinzer Assistant Professor Associate Professor Senior Research Ecologist Dept of Geography Dept of Entomology USDA Forest Service Kansas State University Texas A&M University Pacific Northwest Research Station Manhattan, KS College Station, TX Corvallis, OR

Peter J Melcher Duncan N L Menge Wallace M Meyer Associate Professor Postdoctoral Scientist Assistant Professor Biology Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept of Biology Ithaca College Princeton University Pomona College Ithaca, NY Princeton, NJ Claremont, CA

Sean T Michaletz William K Michener Kristen Michels Postdoctoral Scientist Professor Graduate Student Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University Libraries University of Wisconsin University of Arizona University of New Mexico Madison, WI Tucson, AZ Albuquerque, NM

Donald B Miles Raymond M Miller Bruce T Milne Professor Lecturer Professor of Biology Biological Sciences Committee on Evolutionary Biol Director, Sustainability Studies Program Ohio University University of Chicago University of New Mexico Athens, OH Chicago, IL Albuquerque, NM

Russell K Monson Charles E Mitchell Charles Mitter Louise Foucar Marshall Professor Associate Professor Professor and Chair School of Natural Resources and the Dept of Biology Entomology Dept Environment University of North Carolina University of Maryland University of Arizona Chapel Hill, NC College Park, MD Tucson, AZ Rebecca A. Montgomery Michael L Moody T Aran Mooney Associate professor Assistant Professor Assistant Scientist Dept of Forest Resources Dept of Biological Sciences Biology Dept University of Minnesota University of Texas Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution St Paul, MN El Paso, TX Woods Hole, MA

John C Moore David J P Moore Professor, Dept of Ecosystem Ecology and Benjamin S T Morgan Associate Professor Systainability Graduate Student, Plant Biology and School of Natural Resources and the Head, Dept of Ecosystem Science and Conservation Environment Sustainability Northwestern University University of Arizona Director, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Evanston, IL Tucson, AZ Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO

Leonid Moroz Sherri J Morris Jennifer L Morse Professor of Neuroscience Professor Postdoctoral Scientist Biology, Chemistry, Genetics Biology Dept Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies University of Florida Bradley University Millbrook, NY Gainesville, FL Peoria, IL

Cynthia F Mos Kevin E Mueller Behzad Mortazavi Professor Postdoctoral Scientist Assistant Professor Psychology Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Dept of Biological Sciences Biology Dept of Forest Resources University of Alabama Institute for Systems Research University of Minnesota Tuscaloosa, AL University of Maryland St Paul, MN College Park, MD

Jason Munshi-South Knute J Nadelhoffer Philip Myers Assistant Professor Professor, Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Professor, Dept Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept of Natural Sciences Biology Curator of Mammals, Museum of Zoology Baruch College and The Graduate Center - The Director, University of Michigan Biological Station University of Michigan City University of New York University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI New York, NY Ann Arbor, MI

Uche Chijioke Ngenegbo Maurine Neiman Patrick J Neale Doctoral Researcher Assistant Professor Senior Staff Scientist Dept of Parasitology/Entomology Dept of Biology Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Faculty of Biological Sciencies University of Iowa Edgewater, MD Nnamdi Azikiwe University Iowa City, IA Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

Jesse B Nippert Alison P O'Dowd Jarlath P M O'Neil-Dunne Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Faculty Research Associate Biology Environmental Science and Mgt Director, Spatial Analysis Laboratory Kansas State University Humboldt State University University of Vermont Manhattan, KS Arcata, CA Burlington, VT

Karen S Oberhauser Elizabeth Olhsson Kiona Ogle Associate Professor, Dept of Fisheries, Wildlife Graduate Student Assistant Profesor and Conservation Biology Dept of Environmental Science, Policy and School of Life Sciences University of Minnesota Management Arizona State University University of California Tempe, AZ St Paul, MN Berkeley, CA

Rousel A Orozco Rebecca Ostertag Graduate Student Peggy Ostrom Professor Entomology Dept Professor, Dept of Zoology Dept of Biology College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Michigan State University University of Hawaii University of Arizona East Lansing, MI Hilo, HI Tucson, AZ

Robert Pahle Jeb P Owen Assistant Professor of Research Eric Panitz Assistant Professor Decision Theater; Professor Emeritus Entomology Global Institute of Sustainability Ferris State University Washington State University Arizona State University Big Rapids, MI Pullman, WA Tempe, AZ Barbara L Peckarsky Shirley A (Kurc) Papuga John Pastor Honorary Fellow Dept of Zoology Assistant Professor Professor, Dept of Biology Adjunct Professor Dept of Entomology Natural Resources and Environment University of Minnesota Emeritus Professor Cornell University University of Arizona Duluth, MN University of Wisconsin Tucson, AZ Madison, WI

Ivette Perfecto Robert K Peet Liba Pejchar Professor, School of Natural Resources and Professor Assistant Professor Environment Dept of Biology Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology School of Natural Resources and Environment University of North Carolina Colorado State University University of Michigan Chapel Hill, NC Fort Collins, CO Ann Arbor, MI

Tawnya D Peterson Madison N Pike William T Pockman Assistant Professor Research Aide Professor, Associate Chair, Biology Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Global Institute of Sustainability Co-PI, Sevilleta LTER Systems Arizona State University University of New Mexico Oregon Health and Science University Tempe, AZ Albuquerque, NM Beaverton, OR

Stephen Porder Johanna M Porter-Kelley Lauren P Poulos Assistant Professor Associate Professor of Microbiology Graduate Student, Institute of Ecology and Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept of Life Sciences Evolution Brown University Winston-Salem State University University of Oregon Providence, RI Winston Salem , NC Eugene, OR

Jennifer S Powers Alison Power Mary E Power Assistant Professor Professor Professor Depts of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior and Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept of Integrative Biology Plant Biology Cornell University University of California University of Minnesota Ithaca, NY Berkeley, CA St Paul, MN

Vladimir V Pravosudov Professor Richard B Primack Anne Pringle Dept of Biology Professor Associate Professor Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Dept of Biology Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Biology Boston University Harvard University University of Nevada Boston, MA Cambridge, MA Reno, NV Yin-Long Qiu Cedric O Puleston Associate Professor, Dept of Ecology and Robert G Qualls Postdoctoral Scientist Evolutionary Biology Associate Professor Dept of Anthropology Associate Curator, The University Herbarium Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of California University of Michigan University of Nevada Davis, CA Reno, NV

Ann Arbor, MI Theodore K Raab Volker C Radeloff James W Raich Senior Investigator Professor Professor Dept of Plant Biology Dept of Forest and Wildlife Ecology Ecology Evolution and Organismal Biology Carnegie Institution of Washington University of Wisconsin Iowa State University Stanford, CA Madison, WI Ames, IA

Kelly S Ramirez Edward B Rastetter Nicholas L Ratterman Postdoctoral Scientist Senior Scientist Graduate Student School of Global Environmental Sustainability The Ecosystems Center Dept of Biology Colorado State University Marine Biological Laboratory Texas A&M University Fort Collins, CO Woods Hole, MA College Station, TX

Sarah E Reed Abbie J Reade Associate Conservation Scientist, North America Peter B Reich Undergraduate Research Assistant Program Professor Biology, Marine Biology and Environmental Faculty Affiliate, Dept of Fish Wildlife and Forest Resources Science Conservation Biology, Colorado State University University of Minnesota University of New Mexico Wildlife Conservation Society St Paul, MN Albuquerque, NM Bozeman, MT Eliska Rejmankova Heather L Reynolds Paul E Reyerson Professor Associate Professor Graduate Student, Dept of Geography Environmental Science and Policy Dept of Biology University of Wisconsin University of California Indiana University Madison, WI Davis, CA Bloomington, IN

Christina L Richards James H Richards Corinne L Richards-Zawacki Assistant Professor Professor Assistant Professor Integrative Biology Land, Air, and Water Resources Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of South Florida University of California Tulane University Tampa, FL Davis, CA New Orleans, LA

Curtis J Richardson Kevin M Ringelman Professor Mark E Ritchie Graduate Student Nicholas School of the Environment Professor, Dept of Biology Graduate Group in Ecology Wetland Center Syracuse University University of California Duke University Syracuse, NY Davis, CA Durham, NC

G Philip Robertson Diego A Riveros-Iregui Robert T Robbins University Distinguished Professor Assistant Professor Professor Dept of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences and School of Natural Resources Dept Plant Pathology WK Kellogg Biological Station University of Nebraska University of Arkansas Michigan State University Lincoln, NE Fayetteville, AR Hickory Corners, MI

William Robertson IV Gary W Roemer Haldre S Rogers Program Officer Associate Professor Huxley Faculty Fellow Conservation and the Environment Dept of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Andrew W Mellon Foundation New Mexico State University Rice University New York, NY Las Cruces, NM Houston, TX

Brad E Rosenheim Gil G Rosenthal Assistant Professor, Earth and Environmental Associate Professor Emma J Rosi-Marshall Sciences Dept of Biology Associate Scientist Director, Stable Isotope Laboratory, Tulane Faculty of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies University (SILT U) Texas A&M University Millbrook, NY Tulane University College Station, TX New Orleans, LA

Rebecca J Rowe Todd V. Royer Volker H W Rudolf Assistant Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor Dept of Natural Resources and the Environment School of Public and Environmental Affairs Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of New Hampshire Indiana University Rice University Durham, NH Bloomington, IN Houston, TX

Ann E Russell Michael G Ryan Thomas B Ryder Affiliate Assistant Professor Senior Research Ecologist Research Ecologist Dept of Natural Resource Ecology and USDA Forest Service Migratory Bird Center Management Rocky Mountian Research Station Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Iowa State University Fort Collins, CO Washington, DC Ames, IA

Jesse J Sadowsky Graduate Student Osvaldo E Sala Anna Sala Dept of Natural Resources and the Environment Professor Professor Natural Resources and Earth System Science School of LIfe Sciences Division of Biological Sciences PhD program Arizona State University University of Montana University of New Hampshire Tempe, AZ Missoula, MT Durham, NH

Paul B Samollow Brett K Sandercock Nathan J Sanders Professor, Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Professor Professor Faculty of Genetics Division of Biology Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Faculty of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Kansas State University University of Tennessee Texas A&M University Manhattan, KS Knoxville, TN College Station, TX Darren R Sandquist Inés Sastre-De Jesús Dara A Satterfield Professor Professor Graduate Student Dept of Biological Science Biology Dept Odum School of Ecology California State University, Fullerton University of Puerto Rico University of Georgia Fullerton, CA Mayagüez, PR Athens, GA

Van M Savage Assistant Professor Sean Schaeffer Fred Schaffner Dept of Biomathematics and Ecology and Assistant Professor Professor Evolutionary Biology Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science Dept of Biology University of California and David Geffen School University of Tennessee Universidad del Turabo of Medicine Knoxville, TN Gurabo, PR Los Angeles, CA

Annie E Schmidt Joshua Schimel Daniel Schindler Graduate Student Professor Harriet Bullitt Endowed Chair in Conservation Ecology Graduate Group Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California University of Washington University of California Santa Barbara, CA Seattle, WA Davis, CA

Susan J Schroeder William E Schmidt Johanna Schmitt Associate Professor Research Associate Professor Chemistry and Biochemistry Biology Evolution and Ecology Microbiology and Plant Biology University of Louisiana University of California University of Oklahoma Lafayette, LA Davis, CA Norman, OK

Jack C Schultz Ted R Schultz Director, CS Bond Life Sciences Center Cheryl B Schultz Adjunct Professor, Dept of Entomology Professor, Division of Plant Sciences Associate Professor Research Entomologist, Dept of Entomology, Distinguished Prof. of Entomology Emeritus, School of Biological Sciences Smithsonian Penn State Univ. Washington State University University of Maryland University of Missouri Vancouver, WA College Park, MD Columbia, MO

Anja Schulze Edward Schuurman Gregor Schuurman Associate Professor Associate Professor Conservation Biologist Dept of Marine Biology Biology Dept Bureau of Endangered Resources Texas A&M University University of Florida Wisconsin Dept of Natural Resources Galveston, TX Gainesville, FL Madison, WI

Mark W Schwartz Kirsten Schwarz Jennifer A Schweitzer Environmental Science and Policy Assistant Professor Associate Professor Director, John Muir Institute of the Environment Dept of Biological Sciences Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Northern Kentucky University University of Tennessee Davis, CA Highland Heights, KY Knoxville, TN

Collins L Scott Kathleen M Scott Brittany F Sears Regents Professor Associate Professor Graduate Student Chair, LTER Science Council Integrative Biology Dept of Integrative Biology University of New Mexico University of South Florida University of South Florida Albuquerque, NM Tampa, FL Tampa, FL

Arthur M Shapiro Jyotsna Sharma Joanne Sharpe Distinguished Professor Research Assistant Professor Consultant Evolution and Ecology Dept of Biology/Museum of Southwestern Biology Ecology University of California University of Texas Sharplex Services Davis, CA San Antonio, TX Edgecomb, ME

Jennifer G Shlichta Gaius R Shaver Thomas W Sherry Postdoctoral Scientist Senior Scientist Professor Institut de biologie The Ecosystems Center Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Laboratoire d'entomologie évolutive Marine Biological Laboratory Tulane University Université de Neuchâtel Woods Hole, MA New Orleans, LA Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland Herman H Shugart Jeffrey W Shultz Evan Siemann W.W. Corcoran Professor Associate Professor Professor Depts of Environmental Sciences and Biology Dept of Entomology Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Virginia Unversity of Maryland Rice University Charlottesville, VA College Park, MD Houston, TX

Andrew Sih John A Silander Chris Simon Professor Professor Professor Dept of Environmental Science and Policy Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ecology Graduate Group University of Connecticut University of Connecticut University of California Storrs, CT Storrs, CT Davis, CA

Grace C Smarsh Troy N Simon Barry R Sinervo Graduate Student Graduate Student Professor Biology Ecology Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology NSF GRFP fellow University of Georgia University of California Texas A&M University Athens, GA Santa Cruz, CA College Station, TX

Colin Smith-Hammond Melinda D Smith Felisa A Smith Graduate Student Associate Professor Professor Dept of Biochemistry Dept of Biology Biology Interdisciplinary Plant Group Colorado State University University of New Mexico University of Missouri Fort Collins, CO Albuquerque, NM Columbia, MO

Lara A Souza Robert E Sorensen Wayne P Sousa Assistant Professor Associate Professor Professor Oklahoma Biological Survey and Microbiology Dept of Biological Sciences Dept of Integrative Biology and Plant Biology Dept Minnesota State University Mankato University of California University of Oklahoma Mankato, MN Berkeley, CA Norman, OK

Jed P Sparks Associate Professor, Dept of Ecology and Gregory Starr Christina L Staudhammer Evolutionary Biology Assistant Professor Associate Professor Director, Cornell Isotope Laboratory Dept of Biology Dept of Biological Sciences Director, Undergraduate Biology University of Alabama University of Alabama Cornell Tuscaloosa, AL Tuscaloosa, AL Ithaca, NY

Patricia Stock Meredith K Steele Bradley S Stevenson Professor Postdoctoral Scientist Assistant Professor Dept Entomology Nicholas School of the Environment Dept of Microbiology and Plant Biology College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Duke University University of Oklahoma University of Arizona Durham, NC Norman, OK Tucson, AZ

Paul C Stoy Nicholas J Strausfeld Michael S Strickland Assistant Professor Regents Professor Assistant Professor Dept of Land Resources and Environmental Dept of Neuroscience Biological Sciences Sciences Director, Center for Insect Science Virginia Tech Montana State University University of Arizona Blacksburg, VA Bozeman, MT Tucson, AZ

Lena Struwe Ouida S Stuber Elizabeth B Sudduth Associate Professor Graduate student Assistant Professor Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources Odum School of Ecology School of Science and Technology Director, Chrysler Herbarium University of Georgia Georgia Gwinnett College Rutgers University Athens, GA Lawrenceville, GA New Brunswick, NJ

Lori A Sutter Katalin Szlavecz Cecilia Tamborindeguy Doctoral candidate Associate Research Professor Assistant Professor Biological Sciences Earth and Planetary Sciences Dept of Entomology School of Marine Science Johns Hopkins University Texas A&M University College of William and Mary Baltimore, MD College Station, TX Gloucester Point, VA Mike B Teglas Frieda B Taub Lee Taylor Associate Professor Professor Emeritus Associate Professor Dept of Agriculture, Nutrition and Veterinary School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Institute of Arctic Biology Science University of Washington University of Alaska University of Nevada Seattle, WA Fairbanks, AK Reno, NV

Tanisha S Tejada de Lopez Bogans Pamela H Templer Brigitte Tenhumberg Graduate Student Associate Professor, Dept of Biology Associate Professor Dept of Biology Co-Director Boston University Stable Isotope School of Biological Sciences Directorate for Biological Sciences (NSF) Laboratory University of Nebraska University of Maryland Boston University Lincoln, NE College Park, MD Boston, MA

Casey P terHorst Aaron Thompson Brian M Thompson Postdoctoral Scientist Assistant Professor Graduate Student and Research Associate Kellogg Biological Station Dept of Crop and Soil Science Dept of Entomology Michigan State University University of Georgia University of Maryalnd Hickory Corners, MI Athens, GA College Park, MD

Heather L Throop David Tilman Christopher R Tracy Associate Professor Regents Professor Assistant Professor Dept of Biology Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Dept of Biological Science New Mexico State University University of Minnesota California State University Fullerton Las Cruces, NM St Paul, MN Fullerton, CA

C Richard Tracy Professor Amy M Treonis James Traniello Dept of Biology Associate Professor Professor of Biology Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Boston University Biology University of Richmond Boston, MA University of Nevada Richmond, VA Reno, NV

Kathleen K Treseder Maria Tzortziou Mariah Uriarte Professor Research Assistant Professor Associate Professor Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology ESSIC Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology University of California University of Maryland Columbia University Irvine, CA College Park, MD New York, NY

Susan L Ustin H. Maurice Valett Ivan Valiela Professor Professor of Systems Ecology Senior Research Scientist Dept Land, Air and Water Resources Flathead Lake Biological Station Ecosystems Center University of California University of Montana Marine Biological Laboratory Davis, CA Polson, Mt Woods Hole , MA

Ronald A. Van Den Bussche Sander E Van der Leeuw Jeremy Van Cleve Associate Dean for Research, College of Arts and Dean, School of Sustainability Omidyar Postdoctoral Fellow Sciences Professor, Anthropology Santa Fe Institute Regents Professor of Zoology Arizona State University Santa Fe, NM Oklahoma State University Tempe, AZ Stillwater, OK

Martijn L Vandegehuchte Jean M Vance John Vandermeer Postdoctoral Scientist Graduate Student Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory School of Environmental and Forest Sciences Professor of Natural Resources Dept of Biology University of Washington University of Michigan Colorado State University Seattle, WA Ann Arbor, MI Fort Collins, CO

Trista J Vick-Majors Chelsea L Vario Ross A Virginia Graduate Student Graduate Student, Ecology and Evolutionary Myers Family Professor of Environmental Science Dept of Land Resources and Enivornmental Biology Director, Institute of Arctic Studies Sciences Dartmouth College Dartmouth College Montana State University Hanover, NH Hanover, NH Bozeman, MT Zhihua Wang Matthew D Wallenstein Assistant Professor, School of Sustainable Robin Warne Assistant Professor Engineering and the Built Environment Assistant Professor Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Co-Director, National Center of Excellence for Zoology Colorado State University SMART Innovations Southern Illinois University Fort Collins, CO Arizona State University Carbondale, IL Tempe, AZ

Paul Webb Karrie A Weber Linda E Watson Professor Assistant Professor Professor and Head Biology, Marine Biology and Environmental School of Biological Sciences Botany Science Dept of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Oklahoma State Roger Williams University University of Nebraska Stillwater, OK Bristol, RI Lincoln, NE

Michael N Weintraub Peter J Weisberg Carol A Wessman Associate Professor Associate Professor Professor, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept of Environmental Sciences Natural Resources and Environmental Science Assoc Director, CIRES University of Toledo University of Nevada University of Colorado Toledo, OH Reno, NV Boulder, CO

Jason B West Matt R Whiles Assistant Professor, Ecosystem Science and Peter White Professor Management Professor Dept of Zoology Co-Director, Stable Isotopes for Biosphere Dept of Biology Center for Ecology Science Laboratory University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Southern Illinois University Texas A&M University Chapel Hill, NC Carbondale, IL College Station, TX

J Wilson White William R Wieder Gerald S Wilkinson Assistant Professor Postdoctoral Scientist Professor and Chair Biology and Marine Biology TSS/CGD Dept of Biology University of North Carolina Wilmington National Center for Atmospheric Research University of Maryland Wilmington, NC Boulder, CO College Park, MD

Mark A Williams Jeannette A. Williams Norris H Williams Assistant Professor Plant Protection Officer Curator Rhizosphere and Soil Microbial Ecology Research and Development Division Natural History Laboratory Ministry of Agriculture University of Florida Virginia Polytechnic and State University , Jamaica West Indies Gainesville, FL Blacksburg, VA

Jeffrey R Wozniak Gail W T Wilson James L Wood Assistant Professor, Dept of Biological Sciences Associate Professor Graduate Student Texas Research Institute for Environmental Natural Resource Ecology and Management Odum School of Ecology Studies Oklahoma State University University of Georgia Sam Houston State University Stillwater, OK Athens, GA Huntsville, TX

Dawn J Wright Tiehang Wu Cross F Wyatt Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Biology Ecology Sciences Georgia Southern University Montana State University Oregon State University Statesboro, GA Bozeman, MT Corvallis, OR

Ruth D Yanai Wendy H Yang Shun Xiao Professor Assistant Professor Associate Professor of Plant Pathology Dept of Forest and Natural Resources Dept of Plant Biology Visiting Scholar Management Dept of Geology Southern Research and Outreach Center SUNY-ESF University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Waseca, MN Syracuse, NY Urbana, IL

Anthony C Yannarell Rongzhong Ye Pamela J Yeh Assistant Professor Postdoctoral Scientist Assistant Professor Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Land, Air and Water Resources Dept of Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of California Portland State Univ Urbana, IL Davis, CA Portland, OR Catherine A. Zabinski John Zaborsky Rakan A. Zahawi Associate Professor Graduate Student Director Land Resources and Environmental Sciences Botany Las Cruces Biological Station Montana State University University of Wisconsin Organization for Tropical Studies Bozeman, MT Madison, WI San Vito, Coto Brus, Costa Rica

John C Zak Donald R Zak Erika S Zavaleta Professor and Associate Dean for Research Burton V. Barnes Collegiate Professor of Ecology Associate Professor Dept of Biological Sciences School of Natural Resources and Environment/ Environmental Studies Dept College of Arts and Sciences Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Texas Tech University University of Michigan Santa Cruz, CA Lubbock, TX Ann Arbor, MI

David W Zeh XiaoFeng Zhu Professor and Chair Jizhong Zhou Visiting Scholar Dept of Biology Professor Plant Pathology Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Dept of Microbiolgy and Plant Biology Nematology Biology University of Oklahoma University of California University of Nevada Norman, OK Riverside, CA Reno, NV

Jess K Zimmerman Professor Dept of Environmental Science University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico