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Årsberättelse 2017 RYGG 8,5 MM KUNGL. VETENSKAPSAKADEMIEN BOX 50005 (LILLA FRESCATIVÄGEN 4 A), SE-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN VETENSKAPSAKADEMIEN KUNGL. TEL +46 8 673 95 00, [email protected], WWW.KVA.SE KUNGL. VETENSKAPSAKADEMIEN, stiftad år 1739, är en oberoende organisation som har till uppgift att främja vetenskaperna och stärka deras inflytande i samhället. Akademien tar särskilt ansvar för naturvetenskap och matematik, men strävar efter att öka utbytet mellan olika discipliner. THE ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, founded in 1739, is an independent organisation whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence in society. The Academy takes special responsibility for the natural sciences and mathematics, but endeavours to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines. ÅRSBERÄTTELSE 2017 é ÅRSBERÄTTELSE 2017 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences’ annual report, including a presentation in English of the Academy’s activities in 2017 by the Secretary General, Göran K. Hansson. DOCUMENTA NO 91 KUNGL. VETENSKAPSAKADEMIEN © 2018 REDAKTION: Annika Olofsdotter och Sara Gustafsson TEXTER: Gravitationsvågorna äntligen fångade: Joanna Rose Cool mikroskopiteknik revolutionerar biokemin: Ann Fernholm Att integrera ekonomi med psykologi: Per Molander* GRAFISK FORM OCH PRODUKTION: Christina Ajax, Fräulein Design TRYCK: Åtta45, Järfälla 2018 ISSN: 0347-5719 ISBN: 978-91-7190-194-1 OMSLAGSBILD: Ständige sekreteraren Göran K. Hansson och Vetenskap & Allmänhets generalsekreterare Cissi Askwall på Vetenskapsakademiens och Vetenskap & Allmänhets dialogseminarium Vetenskap och fakta i politiken under Almedalsveckan 2017 (Foto: KVA), Preses Christina Moberg talar under March for Science i Stockholm den 22 april (Foto: Erik Cronberg, Vetenskap & Allmänhet), March for Science på Medborgarplatsen i Stockholm (Foto: Erik Cronberg, Vetenskap & Allmänhet). * ledamot av Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien Berättelse över Kungl. Vetenskapsakademiens verksamhet 2017, framlagd av ständige sekreteraren Göran K. Hansson. é XXXXXXX KUNGL. VETENSKAPSAKADEMIEN KUNGL. VETENSKAPSAKADEMIEN stiftades år 1739 och är PÅ AKADEMIENS egna institutioner erbjuds unika forsknings- en oberoende, privat organisation, vars övergripande mål är att miljöer inom ekologisk ekonomi, botanik, vetenskapshistoria främja vetenskaperna och stärka deras inflytande i samhället. och matematik. Akademien tar särskilt ansvar för naturvetenskap och matematik, men strävar i sitt arbete efter att öka utbytet mellan olika discipliner. AKADEMIEN delar årligen ut ett antal priser och belöningar. Vetenskapsakademiens verksamhet är i huvudsak inriktad mot: Mest kända är Nobelprisen i fysik och kemi samt Sveriges Riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne (Ekonomipriset). Andra stora priser är Crafoordpriset, Sjöberg- é att föra vetenskapens talan i samhället och påverka forsk- priset, Göran Gustafssonprisen, Söderbergska priset och ningspolitiken Tobias Priset. Göran Gustafssonprisen delas ut till yngre fram- é att förmedla vetenskapligt underlag för samhällsdebatt och stående forskare och utgör en kombination av ett personligt beslutsfattande pris och ett forskningsanslag. Sedan 2012 är Vetenskapsaka- é att belöna framstående forskningsinsatser demien en av de drivande akademierna bakom karriär- programmet Wallenberg Academy Fellows, som erbjuder é att vara en mötesplats för vetenskap, både över och inom långsiktigt stöd till de mest lovande unga forskarna. Förutom ämnesgränser en omfattande stipendieverksamhet är Akademien också é att säkra återväxten av unga forskare engagerad i tillsättningen av forskartjänster inom ett flertal program finansierade av externa stiftelser. é att stimulera intresset för matematik och natur- vetenskap i skolan Genom sina utskott och kommittéer verkar också Akademien é att förmedla vetenskap till allmänheten för en hållbar samhällsutveckling på vetenskaplig grund inom bland annat miljö- och energiområdet. Ett stort intresse é att förmedla internationella vetenskapliga kontakter ägnas åt utbildningsfrågor och lärarnas undervisningssitua- é att vårda det vetenskapliga kulturarvet tion. Akademien organiserar Science Meetups, ferieskolor där nyanlända och svenska gymnasieelever fördjupar sig i AKADEMIEN har cirka 460 svenska och 175 utländska leda- naturvetenskap tillsammans. Akademien startade dessutom möter som är verksamma inom klasser, kommittéer och tillsammans med Kungl. Ingenjörsvetenskapsakademien på utskott. De tar initiativ till utredningar, remissvar, konferenser 1990-talet ett av Sveriges största skolutvecklingsprogram, och seminarier. Åtta gånger om året har akademien allmän NTA – Naturvetenskap och teknik för alla. sammankomst. I anslutning till dessa hålls öppna föreläs- ningar (läs mer på www.kva.se/kalendarium). De finns även att se på www.kva.se/video. 2 | KUNGL. VETENSKAPSAKADEMIENS ÅRSBERÄTTELSE 2017 INNEHÅLL é ÅRET SOM GÅTT 4 é VERKSAMHETER I KORTHET 58 KOMMUNIKATION OCH UTÅTRIKTAD VERKSAMHET 58 é THE YEAR IN REVIEW 10 Kommunikationsverksamhet 58 Programverksamhet 61 é VETENSKAPSAKADEMIEN BELÖNAR FRAMSTÅENDE INSATSER 16 VETENSKAP OCH SAMHÄLLE 64 Nobelprisen 2017 16 Forskningspolitiska frågor 64 Ekonomipriset 2017 18 Akademiens GM-grupp 65 Crafoordpriset 2017 19 Energifrågor 66 Sjöbergpriset 2017 21 Internationella frågor 67 Priser och belöningar som delats ut 2017 22 Miljöfrågor 68 Skolfrågor 69 é LEDAMÖTER 25 Mänskliga rättigheter 70 In memoriam 25 Nationalkommittéer 71 Nyinvalda ledamöter 34 Remisser 72 Granskning 74 é AKADEMISTYRELSEN 2017 39 INSTITUTIONER 75 Beijerinstitutet för ekologisk ekonomi 75 é EKONOMISK INFORMATION 40 Bergianska stiftelsen 76 Större finansiärer av akademiverksamhet 40 Centrum för vetenskapshistoria 78 Årsredovisning 2017 41 Institut Mittag-Leffler 80 Revisionsberättelse 56 PROGRAM 80 Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere 80 The Swedish Institute for Global Health Transformation – SIGHT 81 VETENSKAPLIGA TIDSKRIFTER 83 KAPITEL | 3 FOTO: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD ALEXANDER FOTO: ÅRET SOM GÅTT till strid för vetenskapen Vem kan man lita på? Vetenskapen erbjuder faktakunskaper baserade på noggranna under- sökningar. Hypoteser formuleras och prövas i experiment. De flesta hypoteser förkastas, men de som inte kunnat motbevisas i experiment vinner stöd. De adderar pussel- bitar till kunskapens stora bygge och kan användas för att utveckla produkter och metoder som gör livet lättare och vår planet Kungl. Vetenskapsakademiens ständige sekreterare Göran K. Hansson. till en bättre plats i universum. Mot den vetenskapliga arbetsmetoden står en Vetenskapsakademien fortsätter oförtrutet arbetet för en snårskog av vanföreställningar, fördomar och oprövade kunskapsbaserad samhällsutveckling. Det är viktigare än idéer. De mest utstuderade bygger hela världsbilder på någonsin, och vi hoppas att de många som engagerade falska påståenden, som döps om till ”alternativfakta”. sig för vetenskap och fakta under 2017 fortsätter det Men motsatsen till fakta är inte ”alternativfakta”, det tillsammans med oss. är falska påståenden. Motsatsen till sanning är inte ”alternativsanning”, det är lögn. till almedalen, mot faktaresistens Faktaresistens var också temat när Vetenskapsakademien År 2017 kännetecknades av striden mellan lögn och deltog i Almedalen för första gången. Vid vårt dialogsemina- sanning, mellan falska påståenden och vetenskapliga fakta. rium Vetenskap och fakta i politiken den 4 juli diskuterade Ledande politiker i några av världens största länder spred forskningsministern, riksdagspolitiker, akademiker, ”alternativfakta” för att motivera sina ställningstaganden. journalister och näringslivsföreträdare hur politiska beslut Vetenskapen utmanades bland annat i USA, världens ska kunna baseras på vetenskaplig kunskap och hur största vetenskapsnation. Trumpadministrationen skar samverkan mellan politik och vetenskap kan motverka ned forskningsbudgeten, avskaffade en rad miljöregler, och mytspridning och faktaresistens. Samma dag anordnade censurerade rapporter om klimatförändringen. I Europa vi ett vetenskapskafé med rubriken Varför ska man lita på gjorde sig populistiska rörelser och partier alltmer gällande, vetenskapen? Publiken fick ställa frågor till två akademi- med faktaresistens, falska påståenden, misstro mot ledamöter som berättade om den vetenskapliga metoden vetenskapen och krav på enkla lösningar. Den Europeiska för att ta fram säker kunskap. Båda arrangemangen unionen, som betyder så mycket för att stärka europeisk genomfördes tillsammans med organisationen Vetenskap forskning, hamnade i kris efter Brexit. och Allmänhet, och var mycket välbesökta. För den intresserade finns de att se på www.kva.se/almedalen2017 I denna bekymmersamma situation var det viktigare än någonsin att ta strid för vetenskap och forskningsbaserad Akademien har som en fristående organisation av forskare, kunskap. Lördagen den 22 april 2017 hölls manifestationer för forskningen, en viktig roll att fylla i samhällsdebatten, över hela världen under rubriken March for Science. I Sverige och det finns därför anledning för oss att delta i hölls möten och demonstrationer i Stockholm, Göteborg, Almedalsveckan, som utvecklats till en gigantisk festival Luleå, Umeå och Uppsala. Vetenskapsakademien var stolt med aktuella samhällsfrågor som tema. Vi räknar med att medarrangör tillsammans med ett 80-tal andra organisationer. återvända till Almedalen sommaren 2018. Det var oerhört glädjande att se så många människor ställa upp för vetenskap och fakta, mot fördomar och osanningar! ny strategiplan för akademien Vårt ökande deltagande
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