VOYAGE OE^H,M.Si-Ereblstbliafe?TERROE^N
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. . .,r ^ (iF THE N /^,;,M:;V. V, 'olrv%-?, '. ? ^'' /: : . '-;r.; ^'1 ^- .4 _ 7'^£. VOYAGE OE^H,M.Si-EREBlSTBliAfe?TERROE^n
UNDER^ THE COMMAND OE CAPTAIN SIR JAMES CLARK ROSS, R.N., E.R.S.,. . >
i^ - •* ' DURING ^THE' TEARS ?."V" '•'^^'^^ "4 t ' *V'' ' ' ' . ' ' ' *F, * •'«^ '"' ^, (\
. 1839
£Y AUTHOJtlTT^OF TS^S LORDS
;[ JOHK
JOHN EDWABD ORAY, MQ., Vn;^;'^l^XKM ^.^^Aiimms^^'
EDWARD J, MIERS,
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EI'W. JANSON, 28, MUSEUM STBEEt/W.C,^ ''/ , ^ ' M.DCCC.LXXIV. THE ZOOLOGY
OF THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. EREBUS & TERROR,
UNDER THE COMMAND OE CAPTAIN SIR JAMES CLARK ROSS, R.N., E.R.S.,
D U K I N (} THE YEARS
1839 TO 1848.
BY AUTHORITY OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF THE ADMIRALTY.
EDITEn HY
JOHN RICHARDSON, M.D., F.R.S., &c.;
AND
JOHN EDWAKD GRAY, ESQ., PH.D., F.K.S., &c.
CRUSTACEA. BY EDWARD J. MIERS, JUNIOR ASSISTANT, ZOOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT, BRITISH MUSEU^I.
LONDON: E. W. JANSON, 28, MUSEUM STREET, W.C.
M.DCCC.LXXIV. CRUSTACEA.
BY EDWARD J. MIERS, JUNIOR ASSISTANT, ZOOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT, BRITISH MUSEUM.
The greater number of the Crustacea here figured have been described by Mr. Adam White. The plates having been printed off many years since, and the stones destroyed, it has not been possible to alter their lettering, and bring it into correspondence with the nomenclature adopted in the text; but whenever I have adopted for any species a different generic or specific name from that used by Mr. White, and printed on the plate, a reference has been made to the latter in the synonyma of the species.
DECAPODA BRACHYURA. XENOCARCINUS TUBERCULATUS. Tab. 2, fig. 1, a-e. Sub-tribe MAIOIDEA, Dana. Xenocarcinus tuberculatus, A. White, Append. Jukes' Wilke's U. S. Uxplor. Ex^ed. XIII., Crust. I., p. 66 (1852). Voy. Fly, p. 336 (1847); Proc. Zool. Soc, _p. 119 (1847) ; List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 123 (1847); A. & M. N. H. {ser. Genus XENOCARCINUS, White. 2) I., p. 221 (1848). App. Juke's Voy. H. M. S. Fly (1847); Proc. Zool. Soc, p. Hab. Cumberland Group, Type. B.M. 119 (1847). Tab. 2, fig. 1. Animal twice nat. size, la Side view of carapace and rostrum, nat. size. lb. Under surface, (Huenioides, Milne-Edwards, Ann. Soc. Entom. de France, twice nat. size. Ic. Outer mxped. Id. Outer antenna. {ser.4:)Y.p. 144(1865). le. Tarsus, all more enlarged. This genus is referred by Dana to his Family Periceradce, In the British Museum there are five specimens (three of which the distinctive characters are, the non-retractile male and two female) of a species of Xenocarcinus, which eyes, and moderate legs, but it will probably be necessary I believe is undescribed, and propose to call Xenocarcinus in future systematic arrangements to unite this Family depressus, in aUusion to its flattened carapace. and the Eurypodidce, Dana, or to modify the characters, for the eyes are often slightly retractile in the Periceradce, and XENOCARCINUS DEPRESSUS, 5^. n. the genus Oregonia, placed by Dana in the Eurypodidce, has shorter legs than Eurypodiiis, approaching in this respect Carapace to base of rostrum, when viewed from above, the genera of Periceradce. regularly oval in outline; the uppersurface flattened. The genus Huenioides, Milne-Edwards, is certainly There are several small granules behind and between the synonymous with Xenocarcinus. It agrees with it in the eyes at the base of the rostrum, and irregular indistinct narrow elongate form of the carapace and rostrum, in the granulated elevations in the middle line, and on either side eyes, autennoe, and outer maxillipeds : also in having the of the carapace, occupying nearly the same positions as the beak covered with close short hair, and in the tarsi being conical tubercles of X. tubercidatus. Rostrum subcylin- finely denticulated below. X. tuherculatus. White, may drical, densely pubescent, terminating in two spines and be at once distinguished from X. {Huenioides) conicus, deeply excavated between them. Eyes, antennae and outer Milne-Edwards, /. c. p. 144, by its more oblong form, maxillipeds as in X. tuherculatus. First pair of legs want shorter, stouter rostrum, and strongly tuberculated carapace. ing in the females, in the males they are shorter than tlie second pair, the palms of the hands oblong, smooth, the Genus PLATYONYCHUS, Latreille. fingers short, slender, curved, touching only at the ex Eneycl. M4th. X., p. 152 (part.); Bell, Brit. Crust., p. 83 tremities when closed. Second pair of legs longer than (1853). any of the succeeding pairs. Tarsi stout, curved, spiimlose beneath. Abdomen of male seven-jointed; of female very It appears better to restrict the name Platyonychus to broad five-jointed, the three basal segments and the ter the species with a carapace broader than long, the tarsal minal segment free or nearly so, the intervening seg joint of the fifth pair of legs broad, oval and rounded at ments coalescing and much enlarged. Length of the largest the end; and elongated hands, e.g., Platyonychus ocellatus, female 1 inch, of the largest male f inch. Herbst, and P. bipustulatus, Milne-Edwards, and to retain Hab. Cape Howe, Australia. Type. B.M. Dr. Leach's earlier name, Portumnus, for the species with Tliis species differs from the two mentioned above: in a carapace about as broad as long, an elongated, acute, its broader carapace, stouter limbs, and cylindrical rostrum lanceolate tarsal joint to the fifth pair of legs, and small which is excavated at the end. The flattened granulations hands, Portumnus latipes (Pennant) Leach, P. nasutus, Latr., and tubercles are very different from the high conical and P. africanus, A. Milne-Edw., as was first proposed by tubercles of X. tuherculatus, the female abdomen of which Professor Bell, British Crustacea, p. 83, but where the is only three-jointed, all the segments coalescing, except a characters of the tarsi of the fifth pair of legs have been single basal and the terminal one. inadvertently transposed. M. Milne-Edwards, in the Histoire Naturelle des Crustac^s, confounds Dr. Leach's original name Portumnus, with Portunus, Eabr., and refers Sub-tribe CANCEOIDEA, Dana. all the species to Platyonychus. U.S. Explor. Bxped. XIII., Crust. l.,p. 142 (1852).
Genus NECTOCARCINUS, Milne-Edwards. PLATYONYCHUS BIPUSTULATUS. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat. X..,p. 404 (1861). Platyonychus bipustulatus, Milne-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. NECTOCARCINUS ANTARCTICUS. I., p. 437, 2-)l. 17, /. 7-10, (1834); White, List Crust. Brit. Portunus antarcticus, Honib. & Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud. III., Mus., p. 24 (1847); A. Milne-Edw., Archiv. du Museum X., Crust, p. 61, tab. 5, /. 1 (1853) ; White, List Crust. Brit. p. 413 (1861). Mus., p. 25 (1847); Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. 1,/2 Portunus catharus. White, in Dieffenb. New Zealand II., (1874). p. 264 (1843); Zool. Ereb. and Terror, tab. 1,/. 1 (1874). Nectocarcinus antarcticus, Milne-Edw. Archiv. Mm. Corystes (Anisopus) punctata, De Haan Faun. Japon, p. Hid. Nat. X,;;. 407 (1861). U,pl. 2,/. 1 (1850). Hab. South Seas. B.M. Platyonychus purpureus, Dana, IT. S. Explor. Expcd. XUL, Crust. I., p. 291, pL 18,/. 3 (1852). Hab. Australasia, Chili. B.M. NECTOCARCINUS INTEGRIFRONS. The specimen figured is the type of Portunus Catharus, Wliite, which M. A. Milne-Edwards, in his paper in the Portunus integrifrons, Latr. Eneycl. Mdth. X, p. 192 : Archiv. du Museum above (pioted, rightly considers synony^ Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I., p. 445 (1834); White, nious with Platyonychus bipustulatus, Milne-Edwards. List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 26 (1847); Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. l,f. 3 (1874). Young. Nectocarcinus integrifrons, A. Milne-Edvj. Ann. Sci. Genus CANCER, Linncous. Nat. {ser. 4) XIV., p. 220 ; Archiv. du Museum X., p. 406, Syst. Nat. I. 2, p. 1038 (1767); Leach, Malac. Pod. Brit., pi 38 (1861). tab. 10 (1815). Hab. New Zealand; Australia, Port Jackson. B.M. Platycarcinus, Latr., Mibie-Edwd., Hist. Nat. Crust. I., p. Tlie young specimens in the Museum vary much in the 412 (1834). })ubescence of the carapace, which is sometimes covered with hairs, at otliers, quite destitute of them, but they are all much smaller than the one figured by M. A. Milne- CANCER NOV^E-ZELANDI^. Edwards (I.e.) which is represented as quite glabrous. Platycarcinus novse-zealandiaj, Lucas in Hombr. arid Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud., p. 34, pi. 3, /. 6. Cancer Novse Zealandi?e, White, List Crust. Brit. Mies., p. NECTOCARCINUS TUBERCULOSUS. 20 (1847); Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. 1,/. 5 (1874). Nectocarcinus tuberculosus, A. Milne Edw. Ann. Sci. Cancer Novse-Zelandise, A. Milne-Edw., Nouv. Archiv. du Nat. (ser. 4) XIV., p. 220 ; Archiv. du Museum X., p. 405, Museum I., p. 189 (1865). pi. 37 (1861). Hab. New Zealand. B.M. Portunus integrifrons jun., Zool. V. Erebus and Terror, This species is very probably identical with the C. tab. 1,/. 4 (1874). Young. plebeius, Poeppig, from Chili. The granulated ridges on the . Hab. Van Diemen's Land (Young). B.M. claws, and the shape of the teeth on the latero-anterior margin vary much in the specimens in the Museum, from EUPAGURUS COMPTUS. both localities, but M. A. Milne-Edwards in his monograph Pagurus comptus, IFJiite, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 122 (1847) ; above quoted, considers the species distinct. List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 59 (1847) : A. & M. N. H. {ser. 2) I., p. 224 (1848) ; Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. 2, f. 5, 5a DECAPODA. ANOMOURA. (1874). Hab. Falkland Islands. Type. B.M. Sub-tribe PORCELLANIDEA, Dana. Fig. 5, animal. 5a, hand enlarged. U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII, Crust. I.,p. 400 (1852).
Genus PETROLISTHES, Stimpson. Genus CLIBANARIUS, Dana. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. X.,p. 227 (1858). U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII, Crust. I., p. 461 (1852).
PETROLISTHES ELONGATUS. CLIBANARIUS STRIGIMANUS. Porcellana elongata, Milne-Edw., Hist. Nat. Crust. II., Pagurus strigimanus, White, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 121, p. 251 (1837); White, List Crust Brit. Mus.^p. 62 (1847); (1847); List Crust. Brit. Mas., p. 60 (1847); A. & M. Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. 3,/ 3 (1874). N. H. {ser. 2) I., p. 224 (1848); Zool. Erebus and Terror, Hab. New Zealand. B.M. tab. 2,/. 4(1874). Hab. Van Diemen's Land. Tyjie. B.^M. This species is very different in appearance from most of Sub-tribe PAGURIDEA, Dana. the genus, but agrees in the generic characters. U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII., Crust. I.,p. 432 (1852).
Genus PAGURUS, Fabricius. Sub-tribe GALATHEIDEA, Dana. Ent. Syst. II., p. 468 (1793) ; Milne-Edw.; Dana, US. US Explor. Exped. XIII., Crust. I.,p. 401 (1852). Explor. Exped. XIII., Crust. I., p. 449 (1852). Genus MUNIDA, Leach. PAGURUS DEFORMIS. Diet. Sci. Nat. XVIII.,^. 52. Pagurus deformis, Milne-Edio. Ann. Sci. Nat. (ser. 2) MUNIDA SUBRUGOSA. VI.,_?>. 212; pi. 13,/. 4 (1836); Rist. Nat. Crust. 11., p. 222 (1837). Galathea subrugosa, WJiite, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 66 Pagurus cavipes. White, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 122 (1847); (1847); Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. 3,/. 2 (1874). List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 60 (1847): A. & M. N. H. (ser. 2) Carapace oblong, the sides slightly curved, the lateral I., p. 223 (1848); Zool. Erebus and Terror, tab. 2,/. 3 (1874). margins with seven teeth. Front three-spined, the middle Pagurus cultratus, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 60 spine projecting considerably beyond the eyes, the lateral (1848). ones not quite half as long as the middle spine, and not Pagurus difformis, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII., projecting beyond the eyes. A second smaller spine behind Crust. I., p. 449 (1852). each of the lateral frontal spines. A spine on either side Hab. Philippine Is.; Samoa ; Australia ; Bramble Key. of the middle line in the gastric region. Second third and B.M. fourth abdominal segments with a spine on either side ol I have no doubt from the figure and descriptions above the middle line. The arms are now wanting in both the quoted tliat P. cavipes and P. cultratus. White, are the specimens in the Museum. same species as P. deformis, Milne-Edwards. The pro Hab. Auckland Islands, Eendezvous Cove. Type. B.]\l. minent ridge on the third left leg gives it an excavated The specimens obtained in the U.S. Explor. Exped. at appearance. I can find no characters by wliich to distin Terra del Fuego, and referred by Dana with doubt to this guish tlie single specimen of Pagurus cultratus. White, in species (U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII., p. 479, pi. 30, f. 7) the British Museum, from the Philippines, from the differ in the number and arrangement of the spines on the younger specimens of P. cavipes, from Australia. The carapace, and the shape of the hands, and are no doubt largest specimen of P. cavipes (the one figured)' has the specifically distinct. larger hand more distinctly tubercular and granulated, and the tarsus of the third leg on the right side pro Sub-tribe DROMIDEA ? Dana. portionately longer, but these peculiarities seem due to the US Explor. Exped. XIII., Crust. 1.,p. 400 (1852). age of the specimen. The figure badly represents the excavated tarsus of the third leg on the left side. Genus CYMOPOLIA, ROUX. Crust, de la Meditcrrande (1827) ; Milne-Edwd. Hist. Nat. Crust., p. 158 (1837). Genus EUPAGURUS, Brandt. Middendorf's Sibirische Reise Zool. \.,p. 105 (1851). CYMOPOLIA JUKESII. Tab. 3, /. 4, 4 a-c Bernhardus, i)ana, U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII., Crust. I., Cymopolia Jukesii, White, App. Jukes Voy. Fly, p. 338, p. 440 (1852). pi. 2,/. 1 (1847); List Crust. BrU. Mus., p. 54 (1847). Ilab. Toi-res Straits, Sir C. Hardy's Island. Type. B.M. PARANEPHROPS ZELANDICUS. The true position of the genus Cymopolia is very doubt ful. M. Milne-Edwd., in the Hist, Nat. Crust., considered Astacus Zealandicus, White, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 123 it as intermediate between the JDoi'ijjpidae and Grapsidae, (1847); List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 72 (1847); A. and M. but the square buccal opening (which however is im N. H. {ser. 2) L, p. 223 (1848); Zool. Erebus and Terror, perfectly closed in front) is very different from that of the tab. 2,/. 2 (1874). Oxydomata, to which the Doripipidae belong. It has a great Hab. New Zealand. Type. B.M. external resemblance to the Grapsidce, and, I think, should This species must be referred to Paranephrops. The constitute a distinct group among the Anomoura Grdpsidica antennary scales are not so much developed and the arms ill Dana's arrangement, although the articulation of the are not so elongated as in P. planifrons, but the hands are fourth joint of the outer maxillipeds is Maioid and not covered with spines, like those of the other species of the Gmpsoid in character, as De Haan has shown (Faun. genus, and are very different from the smooth hands of Japon., p. 113) on which account Dana placed the genus Potamobius {Astacus), all the species of which inhabit the with the Dromiadae among the Anomoura Maioidea, but northern hemisphere. Moreover the supplementary ab he had not seen any specimens. dominal legs which are characteristic of the males of Potamobius and some other genera, are absent in this, as well as in the other species of Paranephrops, in the British Museum. DECAPODA MACROUEA.
Sub-tribe TIIALASSINIDEA, Dana. Sub-tribe CARIDEA, Dana. U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII., Crust. I.,p. 500 (1852). US Explor. Exped. XIII., Crust. I.,p. 501 (1852).
Genus GEBIA, Leach. Genus ALOPE, White. Malac. Pod. Brit, tab. XXXI (1815). Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 123 (1847); List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 75 (1847); A. and M. N. H. {ser. 2) I., p. 225 (1848). GEBIA IIIRTIFRONS. Tab. 3, fig. 5, ba. ALOPE PALPALIS. Tab. 4:, fig. 1. (Jebia hirtifrons. White, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 122 (1847): List Crust. Brit. Mus., 2J. 71 (1847); A. and M. N. H. {ser. Alope palpalis. White, Proc Zool. Soc, p. 124 (1847); 2) I., p. 225 (1848). List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 75 (1847); A. and M. N. H. Hal). South Seas. {ser. 2) I., p. 226 (1848). Hab. New Zealand. Type. B.M.
Sub-tribe ASTACIDEA, Dana. ALPHEUS, Fabric!us. Ent. Syst. Suppl, p. 404 (1798) ; Milne-Edwd. Hist. Nat. U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII., Co-ust. I., p. 501 (1852). Crust. ll.,p. 349 {part); Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. XIII., Genus PARANEPIIROPS, White. Crust. l.,p. 534. Gray, Zool. Miscell. II., p. 79 (1842). * Beak linear, rising from front margin of carapace. PARANEPHROPS PLANIFRONS. Tab. B,fiy. 1. (Inferior margin of larger hand notched at base of finger. Orbits over eyes entire. Fingers of smaller hand not Paranepiirops planifrons, White, Gray, Zool. Miscell. longer than the hand itself) 11.,;;. 79 (1842); Dieffenb., Neio Zeal. II., p. 267 (1843); List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 72 (1847). ALPHEUS EDWARDSIL Paranepiirops tenuicornis, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. Alpheus Neptunus, White, List Crust. Brit Mus., p. 74 XIII., Crust. I., J). 527, pi. 33,/ 4 (1852). (1847) ; Zool Erebus and Terror, tab. 4,/. 3 (1874). Hak New Zealand. Type. B.M. Athanasus Edwardsii, Audouin, in Savigny Descr. de There is a specimen named P. tenuicornis in the British VEgypte;pl. 10,/. 1; not Alpheus Edwardsii, Milne-Edwd., Museum, from New Zealand, presented by the Smithsonian Hist. Nat. Crust II., ^.352; Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. Institution, Washington, which appears to have been XIII., Crust I., p. 542, p. U,f 2. wrongly determined, for the rostrum is three-toothed on Carapace more inflated than in Alpheus stremius. each side as in P. planifrons, whereas P. tenuicornis is Hand larger, similar to that of A. strenuus, but the described and figured by Dana as having four teeth on fingers are narrower compared with the palm. The first each side of the rostrum. joint of the carpus of the second pair of legs is longer than I have no doubt, however, that P. tenuicornis is identical the second, the second joint longer than either the third or with P. planifrons, or at most only a variety of it, for the fourth and about as long as the fifth joint. The smaller number of teeth on the sides of the rostrum is liable to hand is wanting. variation in the latter species, there being sometimes three The Alpheus Neptunus described by Dana, U.S. Explor. on one side and four on the other, in the same specimen. Exped. XI11. Crust. I., p. 563, pi. 35, f 5, has a three- spined front, like that of Alpheus minus, Say, and has ** Beak triangular, rising behind the front margin of tlic nothing to do with the Alpheus Neptunus of White. carapace. (Orbits with spines over the eyes.) Hab. Port Essington. B.M,
ALPHEUS STRENUUS. ALPHEUS DOTO. Tal. 4, fig. 5. Alpheus Doris, Wliite, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 75 Alpheus Doto, TFJiiic, List Crust. Brit. Mus.,p. 75 (1847). (1847); Zool. Erebus ami Terror, tub. 4,f. 2 (1874). Eostrum narrow, triangular, scarcely projecting beyond Alpheus Ehode, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus.,2J. 75 (1874). the front of the carapace. U])])er margins of the orbits Alpheus strenuus, Dana, U.S. Explor. Eapcd. XIII., with a minute spine. Hands (in the figure, the left hand Crust. I., p. 545, ^?;. 34,/. 2 (1852). is now wanting in the type) similar, the left the smallest. Larger hand liairy, especially towards tlie fingers, with a Bight hand smooth, with scattered yellowish hairs, the longitudinal groove above on the inner surface close to the lower margin straight entire, the upper convex. Fingers upper margin and an oblique groove on the outer surface very small. The first joint of the carpus of the second of the palm. Snudler hand opening nearly horizontally, pair of legs longer than the second, the second joint about the outer (moveable) finger fiattened, witli an oblique ridge as long as the third and fourth together. at its base on the outer surface, tlie margins tliickly ciliated. Hab. Sir 0. Hardy's Island. Type. KM. The two first joints of the car])U8 of the second ]>air of legs ecpuil in length aiul each longer tliau either of tlie tlireo following joints. Hab. Philippine Islands. Torres Straits. B.M. ALPHEUS THETIS. Tah. 4, fig. 7.
Alpheus Thetis, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p). 75 ALPHEUS GALATHEA. 2\ib, 4, fig. 4. (1847). Alpheus (Jalathea, White, List Cnist. Brit. Mus., pf- 75 Hab. New Holland. Type. B.M. (1847). The specimens of this species in the British Museum Hab. Port Essington. Type. B.M. are in too imperfect a condition to be well distinguished from other species of the same section of the genus. The hands are wanting. The beak projects beyond the front ALPHEUS ALOPE. Tab. 4:, fig. 6. margin of the carapace; the first joint of the carpus of the Alpheus Alope, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 75 (1847). second pair of legs is longer than any of the succeeding. Hab. Australia, Port Stephen. Type. B.M. In these respects A. thetis resembles the Alpheus lacvis, The types of Alpheus galathea and Alpheus alope in the Eandall, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. VIII., p. 141, British Museum belong to this section of the genus, but are figured by Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. Crust, pi. 35, fig. 8, in too bad a condition to be distinctively characterised. with which it may be identical. .^ v- J I
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