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I Guerrieri Stringono Un Patto Di Fratellanza Nel Giardino Di Pesco; Una Vittoria Frantuma I Ribelli Sul Campo Di Battaglia

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I Guerrieri Stringono Un Patto Di Fratellanza Nel Giardino Di Pesco; Una Vittoria Frantuma I Ribelli Sul Campo Di Battaglia I guerrieri stringono un patto di fratellanza nel giardino di pesco; una vittoria frantuma i ribelli sul campo di battaglia. ------------------------------------------------------------------- Il mondo sotto il cielo, dopo un lungo periodo di divisioni, tende ad unirsi; dopo un lungo periodo di unione, tende a dividersi di nuovo. E' stato così sin dall'antichità. Quando il dominio della Dinastia Zhou si indebolì, sette regni contendenti presero forma,dichiarandosi guerra l'un l'altro finché il regno di Quin prevalse, impossessandosi dell'impero. Ma appena il destino di Quin fu compiuto, due regni oppositori sorsero, Chu e Han, per combattere per la supremazia. E Han fu vittorioso.1 Il principio della fortuna di Han ebbe inizio quando Liu Bang2, l'Antenato Supremo, uccise un serpente bianco per issare le bandiere della rivolta, che ebbe termine solamente quando l'intero impero appartenne ad Han (202 d.C.). Questo magnifico retaggio fu custodito dai successivi imperatori degli Han per due secoli, finché la ribellione di Wang Mang3 stravolse le cose. Ma presto Liu Xiu4, il Fondatore Posteriore di Han, ripristinò l'impero, e la dinastia Han continuò il proprio dominio per altri due secoli fino ai giorni dell'imperatore Xian, destinati a vedere l'inizio della divisione dell'impero in tre parti, passate alla storia come i Tre Regni. Ma la discesa nell'anarchia fu anticipata durante il regno dei due predecessori di Xia - gli imperatori Huan e Ling - che salirono al trono del drago verso la metà del secondo secolo. L'imperatore Huan non prestò attenzione ai valenti elementi della sua corte, ma diede fiducia agli eunuchi di palazzo. Visse e morì, lasciando lo scettro all'imperatore Ling, i cui consiglieri erano il Maresciallo Reggente Dou Wu e il Guardiano Imperiale Chen Fan5. Dou Wu e Chen Fan, disgustati dagli abusi degli eunuchi6 negli affari di stato, cospirarono nella distruzione di questi ultimi. ma il Mastro Eunuco Cao Jie non era disposto a cedere così facilmente. La cospirazione fallì e gli onesti Dou Wu e Chen Fan furono condannati a morte, rendendo gli eunuchi più forti di prima. Accadde il giorno della luna piena del quarto mese, il secondo anno, nell'era della Calma Ristabilita (168 d.C.), che l'imperatore Ling entrò nella Sala della Virtù. Appena si avvicinò al trono, un vortice impetuoso soffiò nell'angolo della sala e, dalle travi del tetto si calò un mostruoso serpente nero che si adagiò proprio sul trono del sovrano. L'imperatore cadde svenuto. Quelli a lui più vicini si 1 A quest'epoca, 168 d.C., la Cina aveva avuto cinque dinastie: Mitologica (5000-2200 a.C.), Dinastia Xia (2200-1700 a.C.), Dinastia Shang (1700-1050 a.C.), Dinastia Zhou (1050-221 a.C.), Dinastia Qin (221-206 a.C.), e Dinastia Han (206-220 a.C.). L'Era dei Sette Stati va dal 475 al 221 a.C., nota anche come periodo degli Stati Combattenti. I sette stati principali erano Qin, Chu, Yan, Qi, Wei, Zhao, e Han. Alla fine del Periodo degli Stati Combattenti, Qin conquistò gli altri stati, e consolidò l'impero. Al Primo Imperatore di Qin è accreditata la costruzione della Grande Muraglia in vasta scala, ma è anche accusato di aver bruciato i libri e per l'aver perseguitato persone istruite. Qin durò solamente una generazione e mezza, poi i vecchi stati emersero ancora. 2 Liu Bang (o Gao Zu) (256-195 a.C.) era il fondatore della Dinastia Han, alias Han Occidentali o Han Anteriori (capitale Changan). Di famiglia contadina. Il suo primo incarico fu quello di assistere un magistrato a Pei. Si unì alla ribellione dei contadini contro la Dinastia Qin. Lottò sotto la bandiera di Chu. Divenne un generale, quindi eletto Re di Han. Nel 206 a.C. Liu Bang sconfisse il Re di Chu Xiang Yu, e conquistò l'impero. 3 Wang Mang (45 a.C.-23 d.C.) era reggente e nipote della vedova imperatrice Wang. Egli assunse il trono dal 9 al 23 d.C.) 4 Liu Xiu (o Guang Wu) (5 a.C.-57 d.C.) (regnò nel 25-57 d.C.) ristabilì gli Han dopo la ribellione di Wang Mang. La dinastia che Liu Xiu ristabilì è anche nota come Han Orientali (capitale Luoyang) o Han Posteriori. 5 Maresciallo Reggente era la più alta carica militare, mentre Guardiano Imperiale era la più alta carica civile. 6 Sin dalla remota antichità, gli eunuchi erano stati impiegati a palazzo per due incarichi principali: come guardie e servitori negli harem o in altri alloggi femminili, e come ciambellani del re. La posizione di fiducia degli eunuchi permetteva spesso loro di esercitare un'importante influenza sui maestri reali e persino di innalzarsi a posizioni di grande fiducia e potere. precipitarono per sollevarlo e sostenerlo fino al palazzo, mentre i membri della corte si sparpagliarono e fuggirono. Il serpente sparì. Ma a lui seguì una terribile tempesta, fulmini, grandine, e fiumi di pioggia che durarono fino a mezzanotte creando scompiglio in ogni dove. Due anni dopo la terrà tremò nella capitale di Luoyang, mentre lungo la costa si abbatté una enorme onda che, al suo ritorno, trascinò tutti gli abitanti dentro il mare. Un altro presagio infausto fu segnalato 10 anni dopo. quando il titolo reale tu cambiato in Raggiante Armonia (178 d.C.): alcune galline improvvisamente cantarono. Durante la luna nuova del sesto mese, un grande cerchio di nubi scure soffiò nella direzione della Sala della Virtù, mentre il mese successivo un arcobaleno fu visto nella Camera del Drago. Lontano dalla capitale, una parte delle Montagne Yuan crollò, lasciando un enorme squarcio sul fianco. Questi sono alcuni dei presagi che si verificarono. L'imperatore Ling, particolarmente scosso da questi segni dello scontento dei Cieli, promulgò un editto chiedendo ai suoi ministri una spiegazione di tali prodigi e calamità. Il Consigliere di Corte Cai Yong rispose schiettamente: "Arcobaleni e i cambiamenti di sesso delle galline sono causati dall'interferenza delle imperatrici e degli eunuchi negli affari di stato." L'imperatore lesse questo memoriale con profondi sospiri, e il Mastro Eunuco Cao Jie, dalla sua postazione dietro il trono, notò con ansia questi segni di cordoglio. Presentatasi l'occasione, Cao Jie informò i suoi seguaci, e un assalto fu organizzato contro Cai Yong, che fu portato via dalla corte e costretto a ritirarsi nella sua residenza in campagna. Con questa vittoria gli eunuchi crebbero in massa. Dieci di loro, rivali in perfidia e soci in azioni malvagie, formarono un potente gruppo conosciuto come i Dieci Custodi Regolari (Zhang Rang, Zhao Zhong, Cheng Kuang, Duan Gui, Feng Xu, Guo Sheng, Hou Lan, Jian Shuo, Cao Jie, e Xia Yun). Uno di loro. Zhang Rang, ottenne una tale influenza che divenne il più decorato e fidato consigliere dell'imperatore. L'imperatore addirittura lo chiamava "Padre Adottivo". Così la corrotta amministrazione statale andò di male in peggio, fino a quando il paese fu sull'orlo della rivolta e del brigantaggio. In questo periodo nel paese di Julu vi era una certa famiglia Zhang, di cui tre fratelli presero il nome rispettivamente di Zhang Jue, Zhang Ba e Zhang Lian. Il maggiore, Zhang Jue, era un laureato declassato, che si era dedicato alla medicina. Un giorno, mentre coglieva erbe tra i boschi, Zhang Jue incontrò un venerabile anziano con occhi di uno smeraldo brillante e una carnagione fresca, che camminava con un bastone di quercia. Il vecchio attirò Zhang Jue in una caverna dove gli diede tre volumi del Libro del Cielo. Zhang Jue Zhang Ba "Questo libro" disse il vecchio, "è L'Arte Essenziale della Pace. Con l'aiuto di questi volumi, puoi convertire il mondo e salvare l'umanità. Ma dovrai essere determinato, altrimenti, stanne certo, soffrirai terribilmente." Con umile obbedienza, Zhang Jue prese li libro e chiese il nome del suo benefattore. "Sono il Santo Eremita delle Terre del Sud", fu la risposta, dopodiché il vecchio sparì nell'aria. Zhang Jue studiò assiduamente il meraviglioso libro e si applicò giorno e notte per mettere in atto i suoi precetti. Presto fu in grado si evocare i venti e controllare la pioggia, e fu conosciuto come il Mistico della Via della Pace. Nel primo mese del primo anno della Centrale Stabilità (184 d.C.), ci fu una terribile pestilenza che si diffuse attraverso il territorio, dove Zhang Jue distribuì rimedi miracolosi agli afflitti. Le medicine divine ebbero grande successo, e presto egli guadagnò il titolo di Saggio e Benefico Maestro. Cominciò ad avere un manipolo di discepoli che iniziò ai misteri e spedì lungo tutto il territorio. Essi, come il maestro, potevano scrivere incantesimi e pronunciare formule, e la loro fama accrebbe anche la sua. Zhang Jue iniziò ad organizzare i propri discepoli. Stabilì 36 circoscrizioni, le più grandi con diecimila o più membri, le più piccole con circa metà di quel numero. Ogni circoscrizione aveva il proprio capo che assunse il titolo militare di Generale. Parlavano sfrontatamente della morte del cielo blu e dell'avvento del cielo dorato; dicevano che un nuovo ciclo stava per iniziare e che avrebbe portato fortuna universale a tutti i membri; e persuadevano le persone a disegnare simboli con il gesso per il primo anno del nuovo ciclo sulla porta d'ingresso delle proprie abitazioni. Insieme al numero di fedeli crebbe anche l'ambizione di Zhang Jue. Il Saggio e Benefico Maestro sognava l'impero. Uno dei suoi partigiani, Ma Yuanyi, fu inviato a distribuire doni per guadagnare l'appoggio degli eunuchi a palazzo. Zhang Jue disse a suo fratello, "Per cospiratori come noi da sempre la parte più difficile è guadagnare il favore popolare. Ma noi lo abbiamo già. Questa opportunità non andrà sprecata." E iniziarono a prepararsi.
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