The Amitabha Sutra As Discoursed by the Buddha 佛說阿彌陀經
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Lian Chi Hai Hui Pu Sa Mo He Sa 南 無 蓮 池 海 會 菩 薩 摩 訶 薩。 Nam Moâ Lieân Trì Haûi Hoäi Boà Taùt Ma Ha Taùt Homage to Bodhisattvas Mahasattvas in the Lotus Pool‟S Assembly
ˊ ˊ ˊ ˊ ˇ ˋ ˊ ˋ ˊ ˍ ˋ Na Mo Lian Chi Hai Hui Pu Sa Mo He Sa 南 無 蓮 池 海 會 菩 薩 摩 訶 薩。 Nam Moâ Lieân Trì Haûi Hoäi Boà Taùt Ma Ha Taùt Homage to Bodhisattvas Mahasattvas in the Lotus Pool‟s Assembly. 朝暮課誦 卷上 第 A-1 頁 The Buddhist Liturgy for Morning & Evening Services Session I Page A-1 Source: Amitabha Buddhist Society of USA www.amtb-usa.org 佛 說 阿 彌 陀 經 Phaät Thuyeát A Di Ñaø Kinh Amita Sutra Spoken By Buddha ˊ ˊ ˊ ˊ ˇ ˋ ˊ ˊ ˋ Na Mo Lian Chi Hai Hui Fo Pu Sa 南 無 蓮 池 海 會 佛 菩 薩 (三稱) Nam Moâ Lieân Trì Haûi Hoäi Phaät Boà Taùt (Tuïng 3 laàn) Homage to Buddhas and Bodhisattvas in the Vast Assembly of the Lotus Pool. (Three Times) ˊ ˍ ˍ ˊ ˊ ˍ Fo Shuo A Mi Tuo Jing 佛 說 阿 彌 陀 經 Phaät Thuyeát A Di Ñaø Kinh Amita Sutra Spoken by Buddha ˊ ˋ ˇ ˊ ˍ ˊ ˊ ˋ ˋ ˋ ˊ ˊ ˋ Ru Shi Wo Wen Yi Shi Fo Zai She Wei Guo Qi Shu 如 是 我 聞。 一 時 佛 在 舍 衛 國。 祇 樹 Nhö thò ngaõ vaên, Nhaát thôøi Phaät taïi Xaù Veä Quoác, Kyø Thoï Thus I have heard: Once the Buddha was in Sravasti ˇ ˍ ˊ ˊ ˇ ˋ ˇ ˍ ˍ ˍ ˋ ˇ ˇ Ji Gu Du Yuan Yu Da Bi Qiu Seng Qian Er Bai Wu 給 孤 獨 園。 與 大 比 丘 僧。 千 二 百 五 Caáp Coâ Ñoäc Vieân, döõ ñaïi Tyø Kheo Taêng, thieân nhò baùch nguõ in the Jetavana-Anathapindika Park, together with great Bhiksus, one thousand two hundred and ˊ ˊ ˋ ˍ ˋ ˋ ˍ ˊ ˋ ˋ ˇ ˍ ˋ Shi Ren Ju Jie Shi Da A Luo Han Zhong Suo Zhi Shi 十 人 俱。 皆 是 大 阿 羅 漢。 眾 所 知 識。 thaäp nhôn caâu, giai thò ñaïi A La Haùn, chuùng sôû tri thöùc, fifty in all, all great Arhats, known to and recognized by all: ˇ ˇ ˋ ˋ ˊ ˊ ˍ ˋ ˋ ˊ ˊ ˍ ˍ Zhang Lao She Li Fo Mo He Mu Jian Lian Mo He Jia 長 老 舍 利 弗。 摩 訶 目 犍 連。 摩 訶 迦 Tröôûng Laõo -
11038855.Pdf
ITME 2008 Proceedings 2008 IEEE International Symposium on IT in Medicine and Education 12-14 Dec., 2008, Xiamen, China Edited by: Shaozi Li Wei Pan Jianming Yong Proceedings 2008 IEEE International Symposium on IT in Medicine and Education Copyright and Reprint Permission: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limit of U.S. copyright law for private use of patrons those articles in this volume that carry a code at the bottom of the first page, provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through Copyright Clearance Center, 222, Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For other copying, reprint or republication permission, write to IEEE Copyrights Manager, IEEE Operations Center, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 0855-1331. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2008 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Catalog Number: CFP0853E-PRT ISBN: 978-1-4244-2510-5 Library of Congress: 2008903802 IEEE Catalog Number: CFP0853E ISBN: 978-1-4244-2511-2 Library of Congress: 2008903802 Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Printed in Beijing, China Sponsors Organized by Xiamen University (XMU), Xiamen, China Lanzhou University (LZU), Lanzhou, China Henan University of Technology(HAUT), Zhengzhou, China Fujian Association for Artificial Intelligence(FAAI),Xiamen,China Gansu Society for Information Technology in Education Sponsored by IEEE Beijing Section, China Co-Sponsored by Wuhan University of Technology(WHUT), Wuhan, China East China Normal University(ECNU), Shanghai, China Shandong Normal University(SDNU), Jinan, China Birmingham City University(UCE), Birmingham , UK University of Southern Queensland(USQ)ˈAustralia Conference Committees General Conference Chairs Prof. -
From Translation to Adaptation: Chinese Language Texts and Early Modern Japanese Literature
From Translation to Adaptation: Chinese Language Texts and Early Modern Japanese Literature Nan Ma Hartmann Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Nan Ma Hartmann All rights reserved ABSTRACT From Translation to Adaptation: Chinese Language Texts and Early Modern Japanese Literature Nan Ma Hartmann This dissertation examines the reception of Chinese language and literature during Tokugawa period Japan, highlighting the importation of vernacular Chinese, the transformation of literary styles, and the translation of narrative fiction. By analyzing the social and linguistic influences of the reception and adaptation of Chinese vernacular fiction, I hope to improve our understanding of genre development and linguistic diversification in early modern Japanese literature. This dissertation historically and linguistically contextualizes the vernacularization movements and adaptations of Chinese texts in the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries, showing how literary importation and localization were essential stimulants and also a paradigmatic shift that generated new platforms for Japanese literature. Chapter 1 places the early introduction of vernacular Chinese language in its social and cultural contexts, focusing on its route of propagation from the Nagasaki translator community to literati and scholars in Edo, and its elevation from a utilitarian language to an object of literary and political interest. Central figures include Okajima Kazan (1674-1728) and Ogyû Sorai (1666-1728). Chapter 2 continues the discussion of the popularization of vernacular Chinese among elite intellectuals, represented by the Ken’en School of scholars and their Chinese study group, “the Translation Society.” This chapter discusses the methodology of the study of Chinese by surveying a number of primers and dictionaries compiled for reading vernacular Chinese and comparing such material with methodologies for reading classical Chinese. -
The Vajra Prajnaparamita Sutra 金剛般若波羅蜜經
The Vajra Prajnaparamita Sutra 金剛般若波羅蜜經 Incense Praise 爐香讚…………………………………………………………2 The Vajra Prajnaparamita Sutra 金剛般若波羅蜜經………………………………………… 4 Liturgy for Making Offerings 上 供………………………………………………………… 61 Making Offerings to the Deceased 靈前回向…………………………………………………… 62 Taking Refuge 三皈依……………………………………………………… 73 A Prayer for the Dharma Service 共修法會祈願文…………………………………………… 74 Transfer of Merit 回向偈……………………………………………………… 82 1 Incense Praise 爐香讚 Lu Xiang Zha Re ， Fa Jie Meng Xun ， 爐 香 乍 爇 ， 法 界 蒙 熏 ， Incense burning in the censer, the fragrance permeates throughout all space. Zhu Fo Hai Hui Xi Yao Wen ， 諸 佛 海 會 悉 遙 聞 ， The Buddhas perceive it from every direction, Sui Chu Jie Xiang Yun 。 隨 處 結 祥 雲 。 Auspicious clouds gathering everywhere. Cheng Yi Fang Yin ， Zhu Fo Xian Quan Shen 。 誠 意 方 殷 ， 諸 佛 現 全 身 。 With our sincerity, the Buddhas manifest themselves in their entirety. *Na Mo Xiang Yun Gai Pu Sa Mo He Sa 。 南 無 香 雲 蓋 菩 薩 摩 訶 薩 。 (*Repeat 3 times) (三稱) We take refuge in the bodhisattva-mahasattvas. *Na Mo Ben Shi Shi Jia Mou Ni Fo 南 無 本 師 釋 迦 牟 尼 佛 (*Repeat 3 times) (三稱) We take refuge in our teacher Sakyamuni Buddha. 2 Sutra Opening Gatha 開經偈 Wu Shang Shen Shen Wei Miao Fa 。 無 上 甚 深 微 妙 法 。 This is the most supreme, profound, and wondrous teaching. Bai Qian Wan Jie Nan Zao Yu 。 百 千 萬 劫 難 遭 遇 。 It is a rare encounter in the mist of trillion kalpas. Wo Jin Jian Wen De Shou Chi 。 我 今 見 聞 得 受 持 。 Now that I have chosen to learn the teaching, I will uphold it. -
UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT Southern District of New York *SUBJECT to GENERAL and SPECIFIC NOTES to THESE SCHEDULES* SUMMARY
UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT Southern District of New York Refco Capital Markets, LTD Case Number: 05-60018 *SUBJECT TO GENERAL AND SPECIFIC NOTES TO THESE SCHEDULES* SUMMARY OF AMENDED SCHEDULES An asterisk (*) found in schedules herein indicates a change from the Debtor's original Schedules of Assets and Liabilities filed December 30, 2005. Any such change will also be indicated in the "Amended" column of the summary schedules with an "X". Indicate as to each schedule whether that schedule is attached and state the number of pages in each. Report the totals from Schedules A, B, C, D, E, F, I, and J in the boxes provided. Add the amounts from Schedules A and B to determine the total amount of the debtor's assets. Add the amounts from Schedules D, E, and F to determine the total amount of the debtor's liabilities. AMOUNTS SCHEDULED NAME OF SCHEDULE ATTACHED NO. OF SHEETS ASSETS LIABILITIES OTHER YES / NO A - REAL PROPERTY NO 0 $0 B - PERSONAL PROPERTY YES 30 $6,002,376,477 C - PROPERTY CLAIMED AS EXEMPT NO 0 D - CREDITORS HOLDING SECURED CLAIMS YES 2 $79,537,542 E - CREDITORS HOLDING UNSECURED YES 2 $0 PRIORITY CLAIMS F - CREDITORS HOLDING UNSECURED NON- YES 356 $5,366,962,476 PRIORITY CLAIMS G - EXECUTORY CONTRACTS AND UNEXPIRED YES 2 LEASES H - CODEBTORS YES 1 I - CURRENT INCOME OF INDIVIDUAL NO 0 N/A DEBTOR(S) J - CURRENT EXPENDITURES OF INDIVIDUAL NO 0 N/A DEBTOR(S) Total number of sheets of all Schedules 393 Total Assets > $6,002,376,477 $5,446,500,018 Total Liabilities > UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT Southern District of New York Refco Capital Markets, LTD Case Number: 05-60018 GENERAL NOTES PERTAINING TO SCHEDULES AND STATEMENTS FOR ALL DEBTORS On October 17, 2005 (the “Petition Date”), Refco Inc. -
The Revival of Tiantai Buddhism in the Late Ming: on the Thought of Youxi Chuandeng 幽溪傳燈 (1554-1628)
The Revival of Tiantai Buddhism in the Late Ming: On the Thought of Youxi Chuandeng 幽溪傳燈 (1554-1628) Yungfen Ma Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 © 2011 Yungfen Ma All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The Revival of Tiantai Buddhism in the Late Ming: On the Thought of Youxi Chuandeng 幽溪傳燈 (1554-1628) Yungfen Ma This dissertation is a study of Youxi Chuandeng’s (1554-1628) transformation of “Buddha-nature includes good and evil,” also known as “inherent evil,” a unique idea representing Tiantai’s nature-inclusion philosophy in Chinese Buddhism. Focused on his major treatise On Nature Including Good and Evil, this research demonstrates how Chuandeng, in his efforts to regenerate Tiantai, incorporated the important intellectual themes of the late Ming, especially those found in the Śūraṃgama Sūtra. In his treatise, Chuandeng systematically presented his ideas on doctrinal classification, the principle of nature-inclusion, and the practice of the Dharma-gate of inherent evil. Redefining Tiantai doctrinal classification, he legitimized the idea of inherent evil to be the highest Buddhist teaching and proved the superiority of Buddhism over Confucianism. Drawing upon the notions of pure mind and the seven elements found in the Śūraṃgama Sūtra, he reinterpreted nature-inclusion and the Dharma-gate of inherent evil emphasizing inherent evil as pure rather than defiled. Conversely, he reinterpreted the Śūraṃgama Sūtra by nature-inclusion. Chuandeng incorporated Confucianism and the Śūraṃgama Sūtra as a response to the dominating thought of his day, this being the particular manner in which previous Tiantai thinkers upheld, defended and spread Tiantai. -
Leading the Good Life: Peng Shaosheng's Biographical
Leading the Good Life: Peng Shaosheng’s Biographical Narratives and Instructions for Buddhist Laywomen in High Qing China (1683-1796) by Hongyu Wu B.A., Sichuan Foreign Language Institute, China, 1992 M.A., Sichuan Foreign Language Institute, China, 1995 M.T.S., Harvard University Divinity School, 2002 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2013 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Hongyu Wu It was defended on April 10, 2013 and approved by Clark Chilson, Assistant Professor, Religious Studies Katheryn M. Linduff, Professor, History of Art and Architecture Evelyn S. Rawski, Professor, History Adam Shear, Associate Professor, Religious Studies Committee Chair: Linda Penkower, Associate Professor, Religious Studies ii Copyright © by Hongyu Wu 2013 iii Leading the Good Life: Peng Shaosheng’s Biographical Narratives and Instructions for Buddhist Laywomen in High Qing China (1683-1796) Hongyu Wu, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, 2013 This dissertation is focused on the Shan nüren zhuan (Biographies of Good Women), the only collection of biographies devoted exclusively to Buddhist laywomen that crossed sectarian lines, composed by Peng Shaosheng (1740-1796), a Confucian literatus turned Buddhist layman and a leading lay voice in early modern Chinese Buddhism. The dissertation examines the life stories of these exemplary Buddhist laywomen in the High Qing (1683-1796), a period marked by social and political change that included the revival of Confucian classicism, increased visibility of women’s work, and government policies that reinforced an intrusive morality into the lives of women. -
An Analysis of Chinese Talent Management Strategy: Emphasis on Cao Cao’S Competencies from the Records of the Three Kingdoms
AN ANALYSIS OF CHINESE TALENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGY: EMPHASIS ON CAO CAO’S COMPETENCIES FROM THE RECORDS OF THE THREE KINGDOMS LU KUICHENG A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL GRADUATE STUDIES IN HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FACULTY OF EDUCATION BURAPHA UNIVERSITY MAY 2018 COPYRIGHT OF BURAPHA UNIVERSITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the many people who supported and helped me in the completion of this study. For my worthily principle advisor Associate Professor Dr.Chalong Tubsree, I send my heartfelt thanks for his patience and guidance in helping me. In the process of composing this paper, he gave me much academic and constructive advice, and helped me to correct my paper. Without his enlightening instruction, impressive kindness and patience, I could not have completed my thesis. His keen and vigorous academic observation enlightened me not only in this thesis but also in my future study. At the same time, I would like to express my appreciation to my Co-advisor, who gave me useful literature knowledge and information in this paper. She is Assist. Prof. Dr. Wilai Limthawaranun. I am very grateful for her patient guidance in the course of my thesis writing. Finally, I would like to thank the teachers who helped me during my entire study process in the International Graduate Studies Human Resource Development Center of Burapha University. Dr. Watunyoo Suwannaset, Dr. Chalermsri Chantarathong and Rattanasiri Khemraj in the IG-HRD office, thank you for taking care of me meticulously for the last three years. -
Bibliography 1
Bibliography 1 Works Cited Analects (Lun yu), cited according to H-Y index, (1940). Archival Records (Shiji): see SJ. Baoshan Chu mu (1991). ed. Hubei Province, Jingsha Railroad Archaeology Unit (Beijing, Wenwu). BJY: Bo Juyi , Bo shi Changqing ji , in WYG, vol. 1080. BSS: Basic Sinological Series (Guoxue jiben cong shu) (Taibei, Wenhua, 1968). Chen: Chen Di , Shangshu shuyan , in WHKSK, vol. 64. Cheng3: Cheng Dachang , Shi lun , in Xuehai leibian , ed. Cao Rong (Taibei,Yiwen, 1967), vol. 12 (Baibu congshu jicheng 26). ChengY: Cheng Yi , Yizhuan , Er Cheng quanshu (SBBY). CHAC: The Cambridge History of China, vol. 0, ed. Michael Loewe and Edward Shaughnessy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999). Bibliography 2 CHOC: The Cambridge History of China, vol. I , ed. Michael Loewe and Denis Twitchett (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1986). Chuxue: Chuxue ji , ed. Xu Jian , et al. (Beijing, Zhonghua, 1962 rpt.), 3 vols. CIS: Chôshô isho shûsei , comp. by Yasui Kôzan and Nakamura Shôhachi (Tokyo, Meitoku,1971-), 6 vols. CQFL: Chunqiu fanlu , tradit. attributed to Dong Zhongshu (BSS, vol. 39). CQJZ: Chunqiu jingzhuan jijie , comp. by Du Yu (Shanghai, Guji, 1974), 2 vols. CQT: Chen Qiaocong , Maoshi Zhengjian gaizi shuo , in HQJJX, vol. 257. CQYu: Chunqiu jueyu (also known as Shiyu ), attrib. to Dong Zhongshu, in MGH, II, 1180-81. CQZSJ: Du Yu , Chunqiu Zuoshi jingzhuan jijie . See Bibliography 3 CQJZ. CQZZG: Chunqiu Zuozhuan gu , comp. by Hong Liangji (Beijing, Zhonghua, 1982; rpt. 1991, based on the 1828 and 1878 woodblock editions), 2 vols. CYW: Chen Yaowen , Wujing jiyi , WYG, vol. 184, pp. 779- 864. DB: Diao Bao , Yi zhuo , WYG, vol. -
Kisah Tiga Kerajaan
Bab 1: Tiga Pahlawan Saling Mengangkat Saudara di Taman Persik; Satu Kemenangan Mengguncangkan Para Pemberontak di Medan Perang Dunia di bawah naungan langit, setelah sekian lama terpecahbelah, pastilah akan menyatu. Setelah sekian lama menyatu, pastilah akan terpecahbelah lagi. Hal ini telah berlangsung semenjak awal zaman. Tatkala pemerintahan Dinasti Zhou melemah, muncullah tujuh kerajaan yang berperang satu sama lain hingga Kerajaan Qin akhirnya menjadi pemenang dan menguasai kekaisaran. Namun, pada saat takdir Qin telah tergenapi, bangkitlah dua kerajaan yang menentangnya, Chu dan Han, yang kemudian saling memperebutkan kekuasaan. Han akhirnya keluar sebagai pemenang. Kejayaan Han bermula tatkala sang Pendiri Mulia (Han Gao Zu , Liu Bang) membunuh ular putih untuk mengibarkan panji pemberontakan, yang baru berakhir setelah seluruh kekaisaran menjadi milik Han (tahun 202 SM). Warisan agung ini diteruskan kepada kaisarkaisar 1 Han selanjutnya hingga dua ratus tahun lamanya, sebelum terputus oleh pemberontakan yang dilakukan Wang Mang. Namun, tidak lama berselang Kaisar Wira Gemilang ( Han Guang Wu , Liu Xiu) berhasil memulihkan kekaisaran, dan kaisarkaisar Han terus berkuasa hingga dua ratus tahun berikutnya sampai kepada masa Kaisar Xian, yang sayangnya harus menyaksikan awal perpecahan kekaisaran menjadi tiga bagian, yang dalam sejarah dikenal sebagai Tiga Kerajaan (San Guo). Namun, kekacauan pemerintahan ini sebenarnya sudah memburuk dalam era berkuasanya dua orang pendahulu Kaisar Xian—yakni Kaisar Huan dan Kaisar Ling— yang menduduki takhta naga (singgasana kekaisaran) pada pertengahan abad kedua. Kaisar Huan tidak menggubris para abdi yang setia di balairung, tetapi hanya memercayai kasimkasim istana. Sebelum mangkat, beliau menyerahkan kekuasaan kepada Kaisar Ling, yang memiliki Dou Wu, sang Panglima Besar (Da Jiang Jun) dan Chen Fan sang Penasihat Agung ( Tai Fu ) sebagai penasihatpenasihat beliau. -
Title of Thesis
A Chinese Intellectual’s Journey: Lin Shen’s adaptation of Daoban Fushide (The Pirated Faust 1999) by Lin Zhou A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in German Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2010 © Lin Zhou 2010 Author’s declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This thesis has as its focus Daoban Fushide 盗版浮士德 (The Pirated Faust), a Chinese staging of Goethe’s Faust I and II, which premiered in Beijing in 1999. The research questions of the study are how the adaptation remains true and differs from Goethe’s original and how it addresses the expectations and cultural sensitivities of modern Chinese society. The first and second chapters provide a general context of the discussion. Chapter one reviews Faust reception in China, including the Chinese publication of Faust in translation, critical assessments of Faust by Chinese scholars, and theatre productions adapted from Goethe’s original. Chapter two outlines the history of Chinese theatre from the ancient rituals to traditional Chinese theatre as it survives in modern times. With the influence of western culture a new theatrical form, spoken drama, emerged in the early 20th century. The Pirated Faust is an example of modern Chinese experimental theatre. Chapter three, the main part of the study, provides a systematic analysis of this Chinese Faust adaptation from numerous perspectives, including an explanation and discussion of the title, storylines, a structural comparison to Goethe’s original, and an analysis of the adaptation’s use of language, themes, characters, and settings. -
Jian'an Literature Revisited: Poetic Dialogues in the Last Three
Jian’an Literature Revisited: Poetic Dialogues in the Last Three Decades of the Han Dynasty Hsiang-Lin Shih A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2013 Reading Committee: David R. Knechtges, Chair Ching-Hsien Wang Zev Handel Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Asian Languages and Literature ©Copyright 2013 Hsiang-Lin Shih University of Washington Abstract Jian’an Literature Revisited: Poetic Dialogues in the Last Three Decades of the Han Dynasty Hsiang-Lin Shih Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor David R. Knechtges Department of Asian Languages and Literature The Jian’an period (196-220), which is best known through the fictionalized account in the Romance of the Three States, is also an important literary period. It is celebrated for its major writers such as Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi and Wang Can. Previous scholars have mainly been concerned with the life and poetry of an individual writer. In this dissertation, I attempt to take an approach that crosses the boundary between individual writers. I read Jian’an poems— including shi, fu, and yuefu—as the authors’ poetic dialogues with their contemporaries. This approach is based on the fact that the writers gathered at the court of Cao Cao and shared the language of poetry. Whether drinking together or living apart, they often engaged in a dialogue on a common topic through the medium of writing. Their topics range from travel, careers, expeditions, to merriment. Like the Athenian speechmakers in Plato’s “Symposium,” Jian’an writers also tried to impress, persuade, entertain and challenge one another in their poems.