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The Fall of Rome by Dr Peter Heather Last Updated 2011-02-17 Was The
The Fall of Rome By Dr Peter Heather Last updated 2011-02-17 Was the collapse of the Roman empire in the west a series of gradual adjustments or a catastrophic event that brought violent change? Dark ages In September 476 AD, the last Roman emperor of the west, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed by a Germanic prince called Odovacar, who had won control of the remnants of the Roman army of Italy. He then sent the western imperial regalia to Constantinople. The Roman empire in western Europe - a centralised superstate which had been in existence for 500 years - had ceased to exist, its single emperor replaced by upwards of a dozen kings and princes. The vast majority of these rulers, like Odovacar himself , were non-Roman in origin. Their power was based on the control of military forces which were the direct descendents of recent immigrants into the Roman world, whether Anglo-Saxons in Britain, Goths in southern Gaul and Spain, or Vandals in North Africa. The end of empire was a major event in human history. What difference did this political revolution make to real life in the former western Empire? For many 19th and earler 20th century commentators, the fall of Rome marked the death knell of education and literacy, sophisticated architecture, advanced economic interaction, and, not least, the rule of written law. The 'dark ages' which followed were dark not only because written sources were few and far between, but because life became nasty, brutish and short. Other commentators, who were more focused on the slavery and entrenched social hierarchies that were also part of the Roman world, didn't really disagree with these observations. -
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms Podcast. This Is Episode 3. Before
Welcome to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms Podcast. This is episode 3. Before we pick up where we left off, I have a quick programming note for those of you who haven’t seen it on the website yet. I have decided to scale back the length of the episodes. Each of the first two episodes came in at nearly 40 minutes, and it felt long when I was writing them, recording them, editing them, and listening to them. When I am talking from a script for a long time, I have a tendency to fall back into reading rather than talking, and I want to avoid that. So I am going to try to keep future episodes to between 25 and 30 minutes. I think that will make the episodes easier for me to produce and result in a better product for you. It does mean that it will take longer to get through the whole novel, but hey, when your project starts out being at least a three-year commitment, what’s a few more months? So anyway, back to the story. At the end of the last episode, we were knee-deep in palace intrigue as a power struggle had broken out at the very top of the empire. Emperor Ling had just died. He had two sons, and both them were just kids at this point. The eunuchs were planning to make one son, prince Liu Xie (2), the heir, but the regent marshall, He Jin, the brother of the empress, beat them to the punch and declared her son, prince Liu Bian (4), the new emperor. -
Cao Pi (Pages 5-6) 5
JCC: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義 Cao Cao Dossier 曹操 Crisis Director: Matthew Owens, Charles Miller Email: [email protected], [email protected] Chair: Harjot Singh Email: [email protected] Table of Contents: 1. Front Page (Page 1) 2. Table of Contents (Page 2) 3. Introduction to the Cao Cao Dossier (Pages 3-4) 4. Cao Pi (Pages 5-6) 5. Cao Zhang (Pages 7-8) 6. Cao Zhi (Pages 9-10) 7. Lady Bian (Page 11) 8. Emperor Xian of Han (Pages 12-13) 9. Empress Fu Shou (Pages 14-15) 10. Cao Ren (Pages 16-17) 11. Cao Hong (Pages 18-19) 12. Xun Yu (Pages 20-21) 13. Sima Yi (Pages 22-23) 14. Zhang Liao (Pages 24-25) 15. Xiahou Yuan (Pages 26-27) 16. Xiahou Dun (Pages 28-29) 17. Yue Jin (Pages 30-31) 18. Dong Zhao (Pages 32-33) 19. Xu Huang (Pages 34-35) 20. Cheng Yu (Pages 36-37) 21. Cai Yan (Page 38) 22. Han Ji (Pages 39-40) 23. Su Ze (Pages 41-42) 24. Works Cited (Pages 43-) Introduction to the Cao Cao Dossier: Most characters within the Court of Cao Cao are either generals, strategists, administrators, or family members. ● Generals lead troops on the battlefield by both developing successful battlefield tactics and using their martial prowess with skills including swordsmanship and archery to duel opposing generals and officers in single combat. They also manage their armies- comprising of troops infantrymen who fight on foot, cavalrymen who fight on horseback, charioteers who fight using horse-drawn chariots, artillerymen who use long-ranged artillery, and sailors and marines who fight using wooden ships- through actions such as recruitment, collection of food and supplies, and training exercises to ensure that their soldiers are well-trained, well-fed, well-armed, and well-supplied. -
Lian Chi Hai Hui Pu Sa Mo He Sa 南 無 蓮 池 海 會 菩 薩 摩 訶 薩。 Nam Moâ Lieân Trì Haûi Hoäi Boà Taùt Ma Ha Taùt Homage to Bodhisattvas Mahasattvas in the Lotus Pool‟S Assembly
ˊ ˊ ˊ ˊ ˇ ˋ ˊ ˋ ˊ ˍ ˋ Na Mo Lian Chi Hai Hui Pu Sa Mo He Sa 南 無 蓮 池 海 會 菩 薩 摩 訶 薩。 Nam Moâ Lieân Trì Haûi Hoäi Boà Taùt Ma Ha Taùt Homage to Bodhisattvas Mahasattvas in the Lotus Pool‟s Assembly. 朝暮課誦 卷上 第 A-1 頁 The Buddhist Liturgy for Morning & Evening Services Session I Page A-1 Source: Amitabha Buddhist Society of USA www.amtb-usa.org 佛 說 阿 彌 陀 經 Phaät Thuyeát A Di Ñaø Kinh Amita Sutra Spoken By Buddha ˊ ˊ ˊ ˊ ˇ ˋ ˊ ˊ ˋ Na Mo Lian Chi Hai Hui Fo Pu Sa 南 無 蓮 池 海 會 佛 菩 薩 (三稱) Nam Moâ Lieân Trì Haûi Hoäi Phaät Boà Taùt (Tuïng 3 laàn) Homage to Buddhas and Bodhisattvas in the Vast Assembly of the Lotus Pool. (Three Times) ˊ ˍ ˍ ˊ ˊ ˍ Fo Shuo A Mi Tuo Jing 佛 說 阿 彌 陀 經 Phaät Thuyeát A Di Ñaø Kinh Amita Sutra Spoken by Buddha ˊ ˋ ˇ ˊ ˍ ˊ ˊ ˋ ˋ ˋ ˊ ˊ ˋ Ru Shi Wo Wen Yi Shi Fo Zai She Wei Guo Qi Shu 如 是 我 聞。 一 時 佛 在 舍 衛 國。 祇 樹 Nhö thò ngaõ vaên, Nhaát thôøi Phaät taïi Xaù Veä Quoác, Kyø Thoï Thus I have heard: Once the Buddha was in Sravasti ˇ ˍ ˊ ˊ ˇ ˋ ˇ ˍ ˍ ˍ ˋ ˇ ˇ Ji Gu Du Yuan Yu Da Bi Qiu Seng Qian Er Bai Wu 給 孤 獨 園。 與 大 比 丘 僧。 千 二 百 五 Caáp Coâ Ñoäc Vieân, döõ ñaïi Tyø Kheo Taêng, thieân nhò baùch nguõ in the Jetavana-Anathapindika Park, together with great Bhiksus, one thousand two hundred and ˊ ˊ ˋ ˍ ˋ ˋ ˍ ˊ ˋ ˋ ˇ ˍ ˋ Shi Ren Ju Jie Shi Da A Luo Han Zhong Suo Zhi Shi 十 人 俱。 皆 是 大 阿 羅 漢。 眾 所 知 識。 thaäp nhôn caâu, giai thò ñaïi A La Haùn, chuùng sôû tri thöùc, fifty in all, all great Arhats, known to and recognized by all: ˇ ˇ ˋ ˋ ˊ ˊ ˍ ˋ ˋ ˊ ˊ ˍ ˍ Zhang Lao She Li Fo Mo He Mu Jian Lian Mo He Jia 長 老 舍 利 弗。 摩 訶 目 犍 連。 摩 訶 迦 Tröôûng Laõo -
From Translation to Adaptation: Chinese Language Texts and Early Modern Japanese Literature
From Translation to Adaptation: Chinese Language Texts and Early Modern Japanese Literature Nan Ma Hartmann Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Nan Ma Hartmann All rights reserved ABSTRACT From Translation to Adaptation: Chinese Language Texts and Early Modern Japanese Literature Nan Ma Hartmann This dissertation examines the reception of Chinese language and literature during Tokugawa period Japan, highlighting the importation of vernacular Chinese, the transformation of literary styles, and the translation of narrative fiction. By analyzing the social and linguistic influences of the reception and adaptation of Chinese vernacular fiction, I hope to improve our understanding of genre development and linguistic diversification in early modern Japanese literature. This dissertation historically and linguistically contextualizes the vernacularization movements and adaptations of Chinese texts in the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries, showing how literary importation and localization were essential stimulants and also a paradigmatic shift that generated new platforms for Japanese literature. Chapter 1 places the early introduction of vernacular Chinese language in its social and cultural contexts, focusing on its route of propagation from the Nagasaki translator community to literati and scholars in Edo, and its elevation from a utilitarian language to an object of literary and political interest. Central figures include Okajima Kazan (1674-1728) and Ogyû Sorai (1666-1728). Chapter 2 continues the discussion of the popularization of vernacular Chinese among elite intellectuals, represented by the Ken’en School of scholars and their Chinese study group, “the Translation Society.” This chapter discusses the methodology of the study of Chinese by surveying a number of primers and dictionaries compiled for reading vernacular Chinese and comparing such material with methodologies for reading classical Chinese. -
A Visualization Quality Evaluation Method for Multiple Sequence Alignments
2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2011) Wuhan, China 10 - 12 May 2011 Pages 1 - 867 IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1129C-PRT ISBN: 978-1-4244-5088-6 1/7 TABLE OF CONTENTS ALGORITHMS, MODELS, SOFTWARE AND TOOLS IN BIOINFORMATICS: A Visualization Quality Evaluation Method for Multiple Sequence Alignments ............................................................1 Hongbin Lee, Bo Wang, Xiaoming Wu, Yonggang Liu, Wei Gao, Huili Li, Xu Wang, Feng He A New Promoter Recognition Method Based On Features Optimal Selection.................................................................5 Lan Tao, Huakui Chen, Yanmeng Xu, Zexuan Zhu A Center Closeness Algorithm For The Analyses Of Gene Expression Data ...................................................................9 Huakun Wang, Lixin Feng, Zhou Ying, Zhang Xu, Zhenzhen Wang A Novel Method For Lysine Acetylation Sites Prediction ................................................................................................ 11 Yongchun Gao, Wei Chen Weighted Maximum Margin Criterion Method: Application To Proteomic Peptide Profile ....................................... 15 Xiao Li Yang, Qiong He, Si Ya Yang, Li Liu Ectopic Expression Of Tim-3 Induces Tumor-Specific Antitumor Immunity................................................................ 19 Osama A. O. Elhag, Xiaojing Hu, Weiying Zhang, Li Xiong, Yongze Yuan, Lingfeng Deng, Deli Liu, Yingle Liu, Hui Geng Small-World Network Properties Of Protein Complexes: Node Centrality And Community Structure -
The Amitabha Sutra As Discoursed by the Buddha 佛說阿彌陀經
The Amitabha Sutra as discoursed by the Buddha 佛說阿彌陀經 網路視訊共修須知 Reminders for Online Dharma Service 1. 佛前上香 (如家中有佛堂) Incense offering if you could. 2. 為表恭敬莊嚴,在家修持者可穿著海清縵衣 Wear black (and brown) robe to show your sincerity. 3. 準備好經本,處於安靜的環境,保持平和的心 Download Sutra. Have a serene surroundings and peaceful mind. 4. 法會進行時,專心修習經文,勿言談,勿吃零食 Please no talking and eating during service. Focus on Sutra only. 5. 課誦開始 Chanting starts. 6. 跟隨法師禮佛三拜 Follow venerable monks to make three full bows. 佛說阿彌陀經 The Amitabha Sutra as discoursed by the Buddha 爐香讚 Incense Praise Lu xiang zha re , Fa jie meng xun , 爐 香 乍 熱 , 法 界 蒙 薰 , Incense burning in the censer, all space permeated with fragrance. Zhu Fo hai hui xi yao wen , 諸 佛 海 會 悉 遙 聞 , Buddhas perceive it from every direction. Sui chu jie xiang yun 。 CopyRight: International Buddhist Progress Society Page: 1 Of 36 Print Date: 10/02/2007 The Amitabha Sutra as discoursed by the Buddha 佛說阿彌陀經 隨 處 結 祥 雲 。 Auspicious clouds gathering everywhere. Cheng yi fang yin , Zhu Fo xian quan shen 。 誠 意 方 殷 , 諸 佛 現 全 身 。 With our sincerity, Buddhas manifest themselves in their entirety. (Repeat * 3 Times & * Nan mo xiang yun gai pu sa mo he sa prostrations) 南 無 香 雲 蓋 菩 薩 摩 訶 薩 (三稱三拜) We take refuge in the fragrant clouds bodhisattvas, mahasattvas. 佛說阿彌陀經 The Amitabha Sutra as discoursed by the Buddha * Nan mo lian chi hai hui fo pu sa (Repeat * 3 Times) 南 無 蓮 池 海 會 佛 菩 薩 (三稱) We take refuge in the buddhas and bodhisattva in the Pure Lotus Land. -
The Rise of Steppe Agriculture
The Rise of Steppe Agriculture The Social and Natural Environment Changes in Hetao (1840s-1940s) Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i. Br. vorgelegt von Yifu Wang aus Taiyuan, V. R. China WS 2017/18 Erstgutachterin: Prof. Dr. Sabine Dabringhaus Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Dr. Franz-Josef Brüggemeier Vorsitzender des Promotionsausschusses der Gemeinsamen Kommission der Philologischen und der Philosophischen Fakultät: Prof. Dr. Joachim Grage Datum der Disputation: 01. 08. 2018 Table of Contents List of Figures 5 Acknowledgments 1 1. Prologue 3 1.1 Hetao and its modern environmental crisis 3 1.1.1 Geographical and historical context 4 1.1.2 Natural characteristics 6 1.1.3 Beacons of nature: Recent natural disasters in Hetao 11 1.2 Aims and current state of research 18 1.3 Sources and secondary materials 27 2. From Mongol to Manchu: the initial development of steppe agriculture (1300s-1700s) 32 2.1 The Mongolian steppe during the post-Mongol empire era (1300s-1500s) 33 2.1.1 Tuntian and steppe cities in the fourteenth century 33 2.1.2 The political impact on the steppe environment during the North-South confrontation 41 2.2 Manchu-Mongolia relations in the early seventeenth century 48 2.2.1 From a military alliance to an unequal relationship 48 2.2.2 A new management system for Mongolia 51 2.2.3 Divide in order to rule: religion and the Mongolian Policy 59 2.3 The natural environmental impact of the Qing Dynasty's Mongolian policy 65 2.3.1 Agricultural production 67 2.3.2 Wild animals 68 2.3.3 Wild plants of economic value 70 1 2.3.4 Mining 72 2.4 Summary 74 3. -
Staff and Students
KIB STAFF AND STUDENTS HAN Min CHEN Shao-Tian WANG Ying JI Yun-Heng Director: XUAN Yu CHEN Wen-Yun LI De-Zhu DUAN Jun-Hong GU Shuang-Hua The Herbarium Deputy Directors: PENG Hua (Curator) SUN Hang Sci. & Tech. Information Center LEI Li-Gong YANG Yong-Ping WANG Li-Song ZHOU Bing (Chief Executive) LIU Ji-Kai LI Xue-Dong LIU Ai-Qin GAN Fan-Yuan WANG Jing-Hua ZHOU Yi-Lan Director Emeritus: ZHANG Yan DU Ning WU Zheng-Yi WANG Ling HE Yan-Biao XIANG Jian-Ying HE Yun-Cheng General Administrative Offi ce LIU En-De YANG Qian GAN Fan-Yuan (Head, concurrent WU Xi-Lin post) ZHOU Hong-Xia QIAN Jie (Deputy Head) Biogeography and Ecology XIONG De-Hua Department Other Members ZHAO JI-Dong Head: ZHOU Zhe-Kun SHUI Yu-Min TIAN Zhi-Duan Deputy Head: PENG Hua YANG Shi-Xiong HUANG Lu-Lu HU Yun-Qian WU Yan CAS Key Laboratory of Biodiversity CHEN Wen-Hong CHEN Xing-Cai (Retired Apr. 2006) and Biogeography YANG Xue ZHANG Yi Director: SUN Hang (concurrent post) SU Yong-Ge (Retired Apr. 2006) Executive Director: ZHOU Zhe-Kun CAI Jie Division of Human Resources, Innovation Base Consultant: WU Master' s Students Zheng-Yi CPC & Education Affairs FANG Wei YANG Yun-Shan (secretary) WU Shu-Guang (Head) REN Zong-Xin LI Ying LI De-Zhu' s Group LIU Jie ZENG Yan-Mei LI De-Zhu ZHANG Yu-Xiao YIN Wen WANG Hong YU Wen-Bin LI Jiang-Wei YANG Jun-Bo AI Hong-Lian WU Shao-Bo XUE Chun-Ying ZHANG Shu PU Ying-Dong GAO Lian-Ming ZHOU Wei HE Hai-Yan LU Jin-Mei DENG Xiao-Juan HUA Hong-Ying TIAN Xiao-Fei LIU Pei-Gui' s Group LIANG Wen-Xing XIAO Yue-Qin LIU Pei-Gui QIAO Qin ZHANG Chang-Qin Division of Science and TIAN Wei WANG Xiang-Hua Development MA Yong-Peng YU Fu-Qiang WANG Yu-Hua (Head) SHEN Min WANG Yun LI Zhi-Jian ZHU Wei-Dong MA Xiao-Qing SUN Hang' s Group NIU Yang YUE Yuan-Zheng SUN Hang YUE Liang-Liang LI Xiao-Xian NIE Ze-Long LI Yan-Chun TIAN Ning YUE Ji-Pei FENG Bang NI Jing-Yun ZHA Hong-Guang XIA Ke HU Guo-Wen (Retired Jun. -
ACTA PHYSICA SINICA Vol
ACTA PHYSICA SINICA Vol. 68, No. 7, April 2019 CONTENTS REVIEW 078501 Ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor of β-Ga2O3 and its research progress of deep ultraviolet transparent electrode and solar-blind photodetector Guo Dao-You Li Pei-Gang Chen Zheng-Wei Wu Zhen-Ping Tang Wei-Hua GENERAL 070201 Critical breakdown path under low-pressure and slightly uneven electric field gap Yu Bo Liang Wei Jiao Jiao Kang Xiao-Lu Zhao Qing 070301 Quantum broadcasting multiple blind signature protocol based on three-particle partial entanglement Zhang Wei Han Zheng-Fu 070302 Preparation methods and progress of experiments of quantum microwave Miao Qiang Li Xiang Wu De-Wei Luo Jun-Wen Wei Tian-Li Zhu Hao-Nan 070601 Influence of single-beam expanding scanning laser circumferential detection system parameters on detection capability Zha Bing-Ting Yuan Hai-Lu Ma Shao-Jie Chen Guang-Song 070602 Measurement of femtosecond pulses based on transient grating frequency-resolved optical gating Huang Hang-Dong Teng Hao Zhan Min-Jie Xu Si-Yuan Huang Pei Zhu Jiang-Feng Wei Zhi-Yi 070701 Crystallization characteristics of zinc oxide under electric field and Raman spectrum analysis of polarized products Li Yan Zhang Lin-Bin Li Jiao Lian Xiao-Xue Zhu Jun-Wu 070702 Shot noise measurement for tunnel junctions using a homemade cryogenic amplifier at dilution refrigerator temperatures Song Zhi-Jun Lü Zhao-Zheng Dong Quan Feng Jun-Ya Ji Zhong-Qing Jin Yong Lü Li 070703 Photo-acoustic technology applied to ppb level NO2 detection by using low power blue diode laser Jin Hua-Wei Hu -
1000CP and Create a Tale That Will Stand the Test of Time
By Tyr Alexander Version 1.5 Welcome to feudal China. For four hundred years, the Han dynasty has ruled the land. Underneath the Han, China knew an age of peace and prosperity. However, like all things, it must one day end. The court eunuchs have usurped imperial authority, not only deceiving the emperor but promoting corrupt officials and persecuting virtuous ones. The people suffered greatly underneath the eunuch's corruption. But it was Zhang Jiao, a Taoist monk, who hammered in the first nail into the Han's coffin when he formed the Yellow Turban Army. With many dissatisfied peasants flocking to his banner, Zhang Jiao led the Yellow Turbans in revolt against the Han Emperor. Heroes and villains alike took up arms to either quell the chaos or prosper from it. No greater heroes arose during this time than Liu Bei, Cao Cao, and Sun Quan. The leaders of Shu-Han, Cao Wei, and Sun Wu respectively. These three men's destinies were intertwined together. Clashing, unifying and more often conspiring against each other, it was their actions that defined the Three Kingdoms period. While neither of these men nor the legacies they left behind would unite the land, their stories are being retold to this day. You now enter China, for good or ill. Will you join the chaos and prosper as the world around you burns? Will you stand up for righteousness and suppress the chaos, restoring the Han Dynasty to its former glory? Will you usurp the land for your own glory and force all the feudal lords to kowtow to your might? Or will you be a roaming vagabond merely going to and fro without a care in the world? Take this 1000CP And create a tale that will stand the test of time. -
Health and Working Conditions in San Francisco Chinatown Restaurants
CHECK,CHECK, PLEASE!PLEASE! HeALTH AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SAN FRANCISCO CHINATOWN ResTAURANTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE REPORT BY CHINese PROGRessIVE AssOCIATION In partnership with the San Francisco Department of Public Health; University of California, San Francisco Medical School; University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health; and the University of SEPTEMBER 2010 California, Berkeley Labor Occupational Health Program, with writing support from the Data Center CHECK, PLEASE! This report is dedicated to all of our brothers and sisters who are struggling for survival and fighting for their rights. With careful research and large amounts of data, this report seeks to tell the little-known real-life stories of low-wage workers and communities of color. This is the grassroots level. These are the people that came to this foreign land to seek a life of hope. Armed with the will to persevere, they created wealth and laid the foundation for this city, but still live in the shadows of this society. They are continually exploited, often forgotten because they are immigrants or have difficulty with English, with their cries of frustration often falling on deaf ears, never getting media coverage. So as you finish your meal, should you not consider the people that made it all possible? —The Workers Committee of the Chinese Progressive Association Hu Li Nong, Gan Lin, Li Li Shuang, Rong Wen Lan, Michelle Xiong, Zhu Bing Shu The Chinese Progressive Association (CPA) educates, organizes and Our Worker Leadership Committee helped design this “research-for- empowers the low-income and working-class immigrant Chinese community action” project from start to finish and trained other restaurant workers to in San Francisco.