Expanding to the Edges: Central Numic Dual Number 1
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Language Revitalization As Rebuilding a Speech Community
Language Revitalization as Rebuilding a Speech Community MARIANNA DI PAOLO, LISA JOHNSON, SARAH ARNOFF, JENNIFER MITCHELL, DERRON BORDERS ICLDC- 4 HONOLULU, HI FEBRUARY 28, 2015 Wick R. Miller Collection Shoshoni Language Project, Who we are University of Utah Project began in 2002 Focus--to preserve and disseminate Miller’s collection NSF: #0418351, PI: M.J. Mixco, Co-PI: M. Di Paolo. 2004-2007. In 2007, focus shifted to revitalization Barrick Gold of North America Inc. PI: Marianna Di Paolo. 2007-2014. Shoshoni Language: Past & Future Uto- Wick Miller predicted that Aztecan Shoshoni would probably be gone by the late 20th century Northern Uto- Aztecan Few children were using it in the home by the late 1960’s Numic US Census estimate 2006- 2010 Central 2,211 Shoshoni speakers Numic 1,319 living in tribal communities Timbisha Shoshoni Comanche Shoshone/Goshute Communities What is a speech community? “A linguistic community is a social group which may be either From an anthropologist (Gumperz 1972:463) monolingual or multilingual, held together by frequency of social interaction patterns and set off from the surrounding areas by weaknesses in the lines of communication.” (Emphasis is ours.) What is a speech community? “The speech community is not defined From a sociolinguist by any marked agreement in the use of (Labov 1972:120) language elements, so much as by participation in a set of shared norms; these norms may be observed in overt types of evaluative behavior, and by the uniformity of abstract patterns of variation which are invariant in respect to particular levels of usage.” (Emphasis is ours.) What is a speech community? Themes Frequent interactions by members of the community using the language variety in question Shared language norms among community members, which influence their linguistic behavior People who derive a sense of identity from the community and together constitute the community Why do Languages don’t die out because of a languages die? lack of dictionaries, or grammars, or classes, or recordings. -
Conference on American Indian Languages Clearinghouse Newsletter
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 100 146 FL 006 141 AUTHOR Fidelholtz, James L., Ed. TITLE Conference on American Indian Languages Clearinghouse Newsletter. Vol. 2, No. 1. PUB DATE Jun 73 NOTE 21p.; Filmed from best available copy EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC Not Available from EDRS. PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS American Indian Culture; *American Indian Languages; Bibliographies; *Bilingual Education; Bilingualism; Language Instruction; Linguistics; *Newsletters; Second Language Learning ABSTRACT The first report in this issue, from Fort McPherson, MVT, concerns the ongoing work of transcribing, recording, and teaching Kutchin. In addition, there are reports concerning efforts in progress to preserve various Indian languages, among them Kwakiutl, Skagit, Shulkayn, Shoshoni, and Ojibway. Other investigations and courses in Alaskan native languagesare also mentioned. The status of the Tehlequah bilingual Cherokeeprogram is briefly reported, and the Navajo community-controlled bilingual program in Rough Rock, Arizona is described. A list of GPO publications involving Indian languages is provided, as is an annotated list of books available from other sources. Excerpts from the 'General Discussion of Papers by Mattingly and Halle' from 'Language by Ear and by Eye,' edited by James Kavanaugh and Ignatious Mattingly, are also provided. (LG) AMMO 110111more IggIgg% CONFERENCEL ON 1MERICAM INDIAN LANnUAGES CLEARINGHOUSEIMETTER =EN ..r...410.01arret. .1,1110.1 maw 1DIVIR: JAMES L.FIDELHOLTZ VOLVIE II,NO, 1 .1 WE, 173 PArE . U S DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH. NEADTUICOANTAILON HA,;. BEEN REPRO c DOCUMENT C f ROM 44S TWI TEuLTFEAR0EF xA( Tt Y AS GENE 1 DU( D oRIGIN EDUCATION tosoN ORGANIZATION THE Of, OPINiON Af,NC.ITpOiNTS Of VtF ALEXANDRA :"'AUSS MEMORIAL FUND ,.,4YED DO NOI NE( f. -
Phonetic Description of a Three-Way Stop Contrast in Northern Paiute
UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report (2010) Phonetic description of a three-way stop contrast in Northern Paiute Reiko Kataoka Abstract This paper presents the phonetic description of a three-way phonemic contrast in the medial stops (lenis, fortis, and voiced fortis stops) of a southern dialect of Northern Paiute. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of VOT, closure duration, and voice quality was performed on field recordings of a female speaker from the 1950s. The findings include that: 1) voiced fortis stops are realized phonetically as voiceless unaspirated stops; 2) the difference between fortis and voiced fortis and between voiced fortis and lenis in terms of VOT is subtle; 3) consonantal duration is a robust acoustic characteristic differentiating the three classes of stops; 4) lenis stops are characterized by a smooth VC transition, while fortis stops often exhibit aspiration at the VC juncture, and voiced fortis stops exhibit occasional glottalization at the VC juncture. These findings suggest that the three-way contrast is realized by combination of multiple phonetic properties, particularly the properties that occur at the vowel-consonant boundary rather than the consonantal release. 1. Introduction Northern Paiute (NP) belongs to the Western Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family and is divided into two main dialect groups: the northern group, Oregon Northern Paiute, and the southern group, Nevada Northern Paiute (Nichols 1974:4). Some of the southern dialects of Nevada Northern Paiute, known as Southern Nevada Northern Paiute (SNNP) (Nichols 1974), have a unique three-way contrast in the medial obstruent: ‗fortis‘, ‗lenis‘, and what has been called by Numic specialists the ‗voiced fortis‘ series. -
Introduction
Introduction This dictionary is primarily of the Death Valley variety of what has come to be known in the linguistic and anthropological literature in recent years as Panamint (e.g., Freeze and Iannucci 1979; Lamb 1958 and 1964; McLaughlin 1987; Miller 1984), or sometimes Panamint Shoshone (Miller et al. 1971). In the nineteenth century and up to the middle of this century, it was often called Coso (sometimes spelled Koso) or Coso Shoshone (e.g., Kroeber 1925; Lamb 1958). In aboriginal times and even well into this century, Panamint was spoken by small bands of people living in southeastern California and extreme southwestern Nevada in the valleys and mountain ranges east of the Sierra Nevada. Thus, Panamint territory included the southern end of Owens Valley around Owens Lake, the Coso Range and Little Lake area, the southern end of Eureka Valley, Saline Valley and the eastern slopes of the Inyo Mountains, the Argus Range, northern Panamint Valley and the Panamint Mountains, northern and central Death Valley, the Grapevine Mountains and Funeral Range, the Amargosa Desert and area around Beatty, Nevada (see Maps, pp. x-xi; also Kroeber 1925:589-90 and Steward 1938:70ff). Panamint is closely related to Shoshone proper, spoken immediately to the northeast of it, and to Comanche, spoken now in Oklahoma but formerly in the central and southern Great Plains. Together these three closely related languages comprise the Central Numic branch of the Numic family of the xv xvi INTRODUCTION uto-Aztecan stock of American Indian languages (see Kaufman and Campbell 1981, Lamb 1964, and Miller 1984). -
Languages on the Land: Toward an Anthropological Dialectology. INSTITUTION Indiana Univ., Bloomington
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 40 732 FL 024 412 AUTHOR Hill, Jane H. TITLE Languages on the Land: Toward an Anthropological Dialectology. INSTITUTION Indiana Univ., Bloomington. Dept. of Anthropology. PUB DATE 21 Mar 96 NOTE 40p.; Text of a lecture in the David Skomp Distinguished Lectures in Anthropology series. AVAILABLE FROM Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405. PUB TYPE Reports Evaluative/Feasibility (142) Speeches /Conference Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MFOI/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS American Indian Languages; *Anthropology; Comparative Analysis; Diachronic Linguistics; Language Research; *Language Variation; Linguistic Theory; *Migration Patterns; *Papago; *Regional Dialects; Sociolinguistics; Tohono 0 Odham People; Uncommonly Taught Languages ABSTRACT Theories of human migration have been invoked to account for the difference between large-scale spread oflanguages and linguistic elements, as opposed to small-scale local,residual distributions. The field of dialectology understands linguistic elements as distributed across human populations, withmigration as only one possible mechanism of such distributions.Anthropological dialectology, grounded in the material circumstances of human populations, can offer an alternative to migration theories. The inherent variability of languages yields tokens that speakers can deploy to make claims on resources, and differentiate localistfrom distributed sociolinguistic stances toward this variability. People with secure primary claims on essential resources are morelikely to favor localist stances, while people who lack adequateprimary claims and draw instead on a diverse range of secondary orindirect claims are more likely to favordistributed stances. Distributed stances encourage the spread of sociolinguisticvariables, while localist stances inhibit spread. The stances and their effects ondistribution of language variation are illustrated by a study of twodialects of the Tohono 0 Odham (Papago) language. -
Some Proto-Uto-Aztecan *T>C, in Time for *C>S
Some PUA *t > c in time for PUA *c > Tepiman s Brian Stubbs (FUAC October 2008) Uto-Aztecanists are familiar with the chain of changes in Tepiman alveolars from Proto-Uto-Aztecan (PUA): PUA *t > c before high vowels for some Tepiman languages and PUA *c > s and PUA *s > h. However, there seems to be evidence that some PUA *t > c in Tepiman in time for the Tepiman sound change PUA *c > s, or at least some correspondences of PUA *t with Tepiman s (and usually in the vicinity of high vowels) would suggest that is what happened. Phonemic frequencies in Uto-Aztecan are revealing for several matters—that of this paper being one. The phonological frequencies of initial syllables in Miller 1988 (M88) were calculated. The exact numbers of initial syllables among UA cognate sets are subject to adjustment, yet those in M88 are reasonably proportionate and available for quick inspection, until a later work’s sets settle sufficiently to be worth counting. The first column is the number of sets with glottal stop-vowel or initial vowel. The other columns are sets beginning with the specified CV combination. Totals of the lines (vowel totals) are to the right; and totals of the columns (consonant totals) are below. The total number of sets in M88 is 1185 and is the total both of the rows and of the columns. Table 7: Syllabic Frequencies ’ c h k kw m n p s t w y totals a 39 18 17 43 15 43 38 64 29 48 27 28 409 i 11 23 7 10 16 6 2 28 18 1 18 -- 140 ï 19 15 9 17 6 11 15 17 22 54 12 19 216 o 27 20 8 38 -- 11 12 26 15 26 14 10 207 u 9 20 21 37 -- 23 5 23 21 24 2 28 213 105 96 62 145 37 94 72 158 105 153 73 85 1185 Note that among all tV syllables, only one ti syllable (M88-ti1 ‘man’) existed until Ken Hill redistributed it (to KH/M06-ci24, tu10, tï9), so now no ti syllables exist vs. -
Marianna Di Paolo ([email protected]) Is An
Marianna Di Paolo ([email protected]) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology (University of Utah) and a Research Associate of the National Museum of Natural History (the Smithsonian). She was the founding Chair of the University of Utah's Department of Linguistics, currently an Adjunct Associate Professor in that department. As a sociolinguist her research focusses on sociophonetics; variation and change in Western American English and Shoshoni; and on the documentation and revitalization of the Shoshoni language. Her recent publications include "The Peripatetic History of ME *ɛ:" (with A. Faber & C.T. Best, 2010), Sociophonetics: a Student’s Guide (co-edited with M. Yaeger-Dror, 2011 Routledge), and Languages and Dialects in the U.S.: Focus on Diversity and Linguistics (co-edited with A.K. Spears, 2014 Routledge). In addition to serving on and chairing a number of committees at the University of Utah, she has been a member of the Advisory Board of LinguistList, the Committee on the Status of Women in Linguistics of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA), and since 2003 has served on the Utah State Supreme Court Committee on Model Utah Jury Instructions-Civil. She was recently appointed to the Editorial Board of the journal Ampersand. In 2003 she chaired the LSA's Committee on Ethnic Diversity in Linguistics. She launched the Best Practices in Sociophonetics Workshops in 2004, offered annually at the New Ways of Analyzing Variation conference or at the LSA Linguistics Institute. As Director of the Shoshoni Language Project (SLP), she has overseen the preservation, transcription, and translation of the Wick R. -
Curriculum Vita
CURRICULUM VITA PERSONAL DATA Name: Christopher Loether EDUCATION University of California, Los Angeles, B.A. (Anthropology) 1981 University of California, Los Angeles, M.A. (Anthropology) 1985 University of California, Los Angeles, Ph.D. (Anthropology) 1991 TEACHING AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1) Professor, Department of Anthropology, Idaho State University, 2001 – present; (leaves of absence from June – December 2002, and January 2004 – July 2005) 2) Language Revitalization Consultant, Serrano Language Revitalization Project, San Manuel Band of Serrano Mission Indians, Highland, California, January - December 2004 3) Language Revitalization Consultant, Ely Shoshoni Tribe, Ely, Nevada, October 2003 – December 2004 4) Language Revitalization Consultant, Nüümü Yaduha (Owens Valley Paiute) Program, Owens Valley Career Development Center, Bishop, California, March 2001- December 2002, August 2003, August 2010 - present 5) Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Idaho State University, 1994-2001 6) Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Idaho State University, 1989-1994 7) Research Associate, Native American Verbal Arts Project, under the direction of Dr. Paul Kroskrity, American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 1987-1988 8) Teaching Assistant, “Field Methods in Linguistics Anthropology”, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1983 9) Research Associate, Mono Language Project, under the direction of Dr. Paul Kroskrity, American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 1981- 1984 ADMINISTRATIVE EXPERIENCE 1) Director, American Indian Studies Program, Idaho State University, 1990 – present 1 2) Director, Linguistics Minor, Idaho State University, 2000 – present ORGANIZATIONS Member, American Anthropological Association Member, Society for Linguistic Anthropology Member, Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA 1) Shoshoni Online Dictionary by Drusilla Gould, Christopher Loether and Michael D. -
Small-Language Fates and Prospects Brill’S Studies in Language, Cognition and Culture
Small-Language Fates and Prospects Brill’s Studies in Language, Cognition and Culture Series Editors Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (Cairns Institute, James Cook University) R.M.W. Dixon (Cairns Institute, James Cook University) N.J. Enfield (Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen) VOLUME 6 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bslc Small-Language Fates and Prospects Lessons of Persistence and Change from Endangered Languages Collected Essays By Nancy C. Dorian LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Looking to Achiltibuie from Polbain pier, Coigach, Wester Ross, Scotland. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dorian, Nancy C. Small-language fates and prospects : lessons of persistence and change from endangered languages : collected essays / By Nancy C. Dorian. pages cm. — (Brill’s Studies in Language, Cognition and Culture ; 6) Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-23051-4 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-26193-8 (e-book) 1. Endangered languages. 2. Scottish Gaelic language—Dialects—Scotland. I. Title. P40.5.E532S36 2014 491.6’3—dc23 2014002474 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see brill.com/brill-typeface. issn ����-���� isbn ��� �� �� ����� � (hardback) isbn ��� �� �� ����� � (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. -
Is for Aboriginal
Joseph MacLean lives in the Coast Salish traditional Digital territory (North Vancouver, British Columbia). A is for Aboriginal He grew up in Unama’ki (Cape Breton Island, Nova By Joseph MacLean Scotia) until, at the age of ten, his family moved to Illustrated by Brendan Heard the Kanien’kehá:ka (Mohawk) Territory (Montréal). Joseph is an historian by education, a storyteller by Is For Zuni A Is For Aboriginal avocation and a social entrepreneur by trade. Is For Z “Those who cannot remember the past are His mother, Lieut. Virginia Doyle, a WWII army Pueblo condemned to repeat it.” nurse, often spoke of her Irish grandmother, a country From the Spanish for Village healer and herbalist, being adopted by the Mi'kmaq. - George Santayana (1863-1952) Ancient Anasazi Aboriginal The author remembers the stories of how his great- American SouthwestProof grandmother met Native medicine women on her A is for Aboriginal is the first in the First ‘gatherings’ and how as she shared her ‘old-country’ A:shiwi is their name in their language Nations Reader Series. Each letter explores a knowledge and learned additional remedies from her The language stands alone name, a place or facet of Aboriginal history and new found friends. The author wishes he had written Unique, single, their own down some of the recipes that his mother used when culture. he was growing up – strange smelling plasters that Zuni pottery cured his childhood ailments. geometry and rich secrets The reader will discover some interesting bits of glaze and gleam in the desert sun history and tradition that are not widely known. -
Initial Consonant Mutations in the Languages of the World 107 Ical Item
Right at the left edge: initial consonant mutations in CORE the languages of the world Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Humanities Commons Pavel Iosad 1 Introduction This paper presents a typological overview of initial consonant mutations (abbreviated: ICM) — pretheoretically, changes in the first consonant of a word which are not obviously caused by the phonetic / phonological context. They are relatively well-known from the modern Celtic languages such as Welsh (Ball and Müller 1992) and Irish (Ní Chiosáin 1991; Green 2006). The main goals of this paper are as follows: 1. Provide an overview of initial consonant mutation and initial consonant mutation-like phenomena attested cross-linguistically; 2. Examine whether initial consonant mutation can be thought of as a sepa- rate phenomenon or just a special case of (morphologically conditioned) phonological alternations; 3. Make some typological generalizations over initial consonant mutation (as long as it is possible on such a small set). The paper is structured as follows. In Section 2, I propose an overview of initial consonant mutation cases attested cross-linguistically and try to de- fine the concept of mutation more clearly. Section 3 presents a fuller inven- tory of languages exhibiting initial consonant mutations (or initial consonant mutation-like phenomena). Section 4 considers some issues in the phonolog- ical exponence of initial consonant mutation, with special reference to au- tosegmental approaches. Section 5 discusses factors which trigger mutation. Section 6 contains a brief discussion of initial consonant mutation typology. Section 7 concludes. 2 Overview of mutations Initial consonant mutations are best known from the (Insular) Celtic lan- guages Irish, Scottish, Manx, Welsh, Breton, and Cornish. -
Eastern Shoshone Working Dictionary
Eastern Shoshone Working Dictionary Compiled by David Leedom Shaul This is a working dictionary based of the published and publicly accessible sources for Eastern Shoshone. The NSF DEL Eastern Shoshone project is to accumulate all of the known information about Eastern Shoshone words into a database. This has included gathering together several major sources, from both published sources and manuscripts. The project was slated to work with native speakers, but because the Shoshone Business Council was not able to identify a Shoshone coordinator as a liaison, this phase has not been possible. Instead, a large database has been accumulated of Eastern Shoshone words and phrases. A list was first made of all published dictionaries and vocabularies of Shoshone (Idaho, Utah, Nevada). In this way, it is possible to tell if a Eastern Shoshone word is shared with the other dialects of the language. This pan-Shoshone list was originally made as a checklist for work with Eastern Shoshone speakers so that no word would be overlooked. Sources for Eastern Shoshone Words and Phrases The main published and publicly accessible sources for Eastern Shoshone are listed below, along with the abbreviations used in the working dictionary. E Eastern Shoshone Cultural Center (2004) Geb Gebow (1869, 1868) Hi Hill (n.d.) Hul Hultkrantz (1987); Trehero and Hultkrantz (2009) Mor Moore (n.d.) Rob Roberts (n.d.) S St. Clair ( [1901] ) S dis Shimkin (1953; published version) Sh Shimkin field notes (n.d.) SG Shimkin grammar sketch (n.d.) SGE Shimkin ethnogeography (1947a) SM Shimkin morpheme list (1949a, 1949b) T Tidzump (n.d.; 1970); Tidzump and Kosin 1 (1967a, 1967b) Van Vander (1978) One major source of data is the morpheme list from the the Eastern Shoshone texts collected in 1901 by Harry Hull St.