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LEAGUE of NATIONS. Qoanunicated “To C*4-7S*1933*I# '— ~ Geneva, August 14Th, 1933, FREE CITY of DANZIG. SITUATION in DANZIG

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LEAGUE of NATIONS. Qoanunicated “To C*4-7S*1933*I# '— ~ Geneva, August 14Th, 1933, FREE CITY of DANZIG. SITUATION in DANZIG LEAGUE OF NATIONS. qoanunicated “to C*4-7S*1933*I# Thé"Cou^cïT^ '— ~ Geneva, August 14th, 1933, FREE CITY OF DANZIG. SITUATION IN DANZIG. Note by the Secretary-General. Further to document C«331.1933.I end with reference to document C.463.1933.I, the Secretary-General has the honour, at the request of the High Commissioner of the League of Nations in Danzig, to communicate to the Council for information a letter, with annex, which the High Commissioner addressed to him on July 25th, 1933. Translation. THE HIGH COMMISSIONER, ------ LEAGUE OF NATIONS, THE FREE CITY OF DANZIG. Danzig, July 25th, 1933. To the Secretary-General of the League of Nations, Geneva. Sir, With reference to my letter of July 6th, communicating to you the text of the judgment given on June 23rd, 1933, by the Danzig Landgericht (Court of second instance) in the case of the trade unions, I have the honour to transmit to you herewith, wit.1 the request that it be communicated to the members of the Council, a supplementary petition which was lodged with me on July 25th, 1933, by one of the secretaries of the trade unions which were signatories of the petition of May 13th, 1933 (see Document C.331.1933.1.)• I will duly forward to you any observations which the Senate sends to me on this subject. I have the honour to be, etc. (Signed) Helmer R03TING, High Commissioner. - 2 - SUPPLEMENT TO THE PETITION SUBMITTED TO THE HIG-H COMMISSIONER OH VAY 15 th, 1935, I. Before the detachment of Danzig from the German Reich the "free” trade union movement in Danzig naturally formed part of the German trade union movement as a vttole. This necessarily ceased to be the case when the Free City of Danzig was brought into being, It is true that in the case of the unions of a number of particular trades in Danzig certain connections with the corresponding unions in Germany were maintain­ ed on the practical ground of community of cultural and social conditions, and in particular in virtue of the legal considera­ tions arising in connection with the property of the former imder the new regime. Certain unions (e.g, the Railwaymenfs Union) made provision in their statutes for complete separation from Germany» In so far as a certain connection still remained in these circumstances, it was a matter exclusively of organisation, and could not be otherwise. The real functions of the trade unions, namely the representation of the workers in relation to the employers and the defence of their rights in relation to the authorities and Courts of the Free City, could only be exercised by the Danzig unions under the new regime, by acting independently and alone, having regard to the special circumstances of Danzig and to the provisions of Danzig law. 3 - The events of May 1933 in Germany led to the German "free" unions being dissolved or at any rate deprived of their character as ’’free" unions. They, in common with all other trade unions in Germany, then came under National Socialist leadership. II. For the purpose of extending these conditions to Danzig, the following procedure was adopted. Herr Ernst Kendzia of Danzig-Langfuhr applied for, and obtained, a Provisional Order from the Danzig Court of first instance (Amtsgerioht) against the Danzig trade unions and their leaders to the effect that all the capital assets of the Danzig unions were immediately to be handed over to himself. His Applica­ tion was based on the fact that under an Order of the Leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party in Germany, published in the MV51kischer Beobachter", a certain Herr Schumann had been appointed Head of the Workers’ Associations, and had delegated his powers in respect of the Free City to Kendzia. The Danzig Amtsgericht disallowed the substance of the objection to the issue of the Provisional Order, and upheld the Order and the Powers claimed by Kendzia on the ground that he had obtained possession of them by right of revolutionary law (durch revolutionSres Recht). Comment on this decision of the Court is contained in a first Memorandum, which, for completeness, is attached to the present Memorandum as an Annex. On appeal the Sixth Chamber (Civil) of the Danzig Court of second instance (Landgericht) disallowed the Provisional Order only in so far as it was directed against the Danzig trade unions as such, nr against certain persons not concerned as leaders of the same, and upheld it in relation to the leaders c£ the Danzig unions. - 4 - The Landgerichtf s decision was based on the following considerations : "In the period immediately following the elections to the German Reichstag of March 5th, 1933, as a result of which the National Parties in Germany, and the National Socialist German Workers Party in particular, at length came into power, there was a progressive fbringing into line’ (Gleichschaltung) of the trade union associations and workers1 organisations in the Reich: that is to say} an increasingly large number of trade union associations and workers' organisations, e0g*, the 'Christian* trade unions in Germany, together with unorganised workers, ralli­ ed to the new national movement, accepted the aims and objects of the National Socialist Party as the Party at the head of the national movement in Germany, and there­ by placed themselves under the leadership of Adolf Hitler as the Supreme Leader of the National Socialist Party. "This was equally true of the central associations of the 'free' trade unions and the General German Associa­ tion of Trade Unions (Allgemeiner deutscher Gewerkschaftë- bund)♦ Whether - as the Applicant in his Application maintains, supporting his contention by a sworn statement of Ludwig Brucker, nominee of the Reich Labour Minister for the post of Head of the Reich Central Association of Health Insurance Offices, Chief Editor Friederich Fikentscher, and Association Syndic Helmut Reichnow, dated June 10th, 1933 - the General Association of Trade “ 5 “ Unions had actually already "been f"brought into line* with the National Socialist Works Organisation on April 13th, 1933, at a meeting between the accredited representatives of the latter on the one hand and four members of the Managing Beard of the General Association (Leipart, Grassmann, Eggert and Leuschner) on the other, is a matter cn which no opinion need bo expressed, The General Association at any rate was ’brought j. into lino* ; and this development was followed shortly afterwards on May 21st, 1933, by similar action in the case of the ’free* unions in Germany of which the General Association is the central organisation, That is to say, the ’free- unions in Germany also all placed themselves under the leadership of the National Socialist Party and declared their acceptance of its aims and objects, and explicitly or tacitly submitted to Hitler's Leadership0 This development creates at any rate a new legal position in the case of the General Association and of the individual trade union associations, which must be taken into account as the basis of m y estimate of the legal situation in Germany. Whether the process was at all points in accordance with existing rights of combination and association is a matter on which no opinion need be expressed in this connection, The point is not therefore whether objection to these proceedings was raised in any quarter concerned, or whether particular parties concerned submitted only because they were compelled to do so, as the Opponents of the Application contend. - 6 - "In pursuenee of these proceedings Hitler as Leader of the National Socialist Party issued an Order on May 10th, 1933, in which he further appointed the head of the National Socialist Works Organisation as leader of the workers' associations. The subsequent publica­ tion of this Order of May 10th, 1933, in the leading organ of the National Socialist movement in Germany» the "V31kischer Beobachter,r, on May 11th, 1933, is not otherwise intelligiblec The Court is unable to fo IIott the argument of the Judge in the previous Court that the Order in question was issued by right of revolutionary law. It is no more than a case of administrative action by the Leader in the exercise of the powers con­ ferred on him. "Such is the existing legal position in Germany as a result of the national revolution, and it must be taken as the starting-point of any scrutiny of the powers (Akt 1 vlegitimation) of the Applicant to apply to the Courts in the present dispute0 "By their submission the * free’ trade unions in Germany and the General German Association of Trade Unions have made themselves subject to the orders of the Supreme Leader and/or the chief appointed by him. "The submission was unreserved, and its logical consequence (as the event showed) was the transference - in accordance with the principle of leadership for which the Party has always stood - of all rights appertaining to the former organs of association (Managing Board, Committees or Congresses) to the accredited person, namely Schumann. Schumann's authority in his turn to appoint, subordinate officers and delegate his powers to them is also in accordance with the principle of leadership referred to, and may he assumed without question, The Applicant lays claim to the rights of a subordinate officer so appointed and empowered, and has shown proof of the delegation of such rights by the submission of the telegram from Schumann dated May 12th, 1933. The Applicant’s powers are restricted in two respects only : "First, it has to be considered whether Schumann’s powers, and consequently the powers of the Applicant, extend to the workers' organisations in the territory of the Free City of Danzig, that is to say, outside the territory of the German Reich.
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