BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD t h e e d i t o r A COMPANION TO the A COMPANION TO The Jane DeRose Evans is Professor of Art A COMPANION TO the History at Temple University, where she is also archaeology of archaeology affiliated with the Classics Department. She is the author of The Art of Persuasion: Political the roman republic A COMPANION TO the of the roman Propaganda from Aeneas to Brutus (1992) and The archaeology Contributors to this volume: Joint Expedition to Caesarea Maritima: Excavation the roman republic Reports v.6, The Coins and the Hellenistic, Roman republic and Byzantine Economy of Palestine (2006). Albert J. Ammerman, Michael Anderson, Jeffrey A. Becker, Penelope J.E. Davies, archaeology of of archaeology E D I T E D B Y Sylvia Diebner, Michael Dobson, Stephen L. Dyson, Ingrid Edlund-Berry, of the Jane derose evans Jane DeRose Evans, Helena Fracchia, Andrew L. Goldman, Helen Goodchild, EDITED BY evans Alison B. Griffith, Maurizio Gualtieri, Shelley Hales, A. Trevor Hodge, The role of archaeology has expanded over Michael C. Hoff, Marie D. Jackson, Cynthia K. Kosso, Fanette Laubenheimer, roman Republic the past 30 years, and research now frequently Ray Laurence, Elio Lo Cascio, Margaret M. Miles, J. Andrew Overman, Isabel Rodá, overlaps with the work of ancient historians David Gilman Romano, Roman Roth, Rafael Scopacasa, Susan Kirkpatrick Smith, and classicists. A Companion to the Archaeology Tesse D. Stek, David L. Stone, Marlene Suano, Steven L. Tuck, EDITED BY jane derose evans of the Roman Republic demonstrates how Miguel John Versluys, P. Gregory Warden, R.J.A. Wilson, Fikret K. Yegül, archaeological methods have been used to Mantha Zarmakoupi study the era of the Roman Republic, and the influence of non-Roman cultures on its formation. ALSO AVAILABLE IN THIS SERIES: A collection of original essays by both emerging and established archaeologists, with a wide range of nationalities and areas of interest, A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman Republic reveals how differing approaches and methodologies contribute to an understanding of the Republic across the Mediterranean basin. Of interest both to archaeologists themselves, and to students of ancient history, art history and classics, it offers a diverse approach to a fascinating field. A Companion TO THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical literature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises approximately twenty- five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. ANCIENT HISTORY A Companion to the Classical Tradition Published Edited by Craig W. Kallendorf A Companion to the Roman Army A Companion to Roman Rhetoric Edited by Paul Erdkamp Edited by William Dominik and Jon Hall A Companion to the Roman Republic A Companion to Greek Rhetoric Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Robert Edited by Ian Worthington Morstein-Marx A Companion to Ancient Epic A Companion to the Roman Empire Edited by John Miles Foley Edited by David S. Potter A Companion to Greek Tragedy A Companion to the Classical Greek World Edited by Justina Gregory Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl A Companion to Latin Literature A Companion to the Ancient Near East Edited by Stephen Harrison Edited by Daniel C. Snell A Companion to Greek and Roman A Companion to the Hellenistic World Political Thought Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by Ryan K. Balot A Companion to Late Antiquity A Companion to Ovid Edited by Philip Rousseau Edited by Peter E. Knox A Companion to Ancient History A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by Egbert Bakker A Companion to Archaic Greece A Companion to Hellenistic Literature Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees Edited by Martine Cuypers and James J. Clauss A Companion to Julius Caesar A Companion to Vergil’s Aeneid and its Tradition Edited by Miriam Griffin Edited by Joseph Farrell and Michael C. J. Putnam A Companion to Byzantium A Companion to Horace Edited by Liz James Edited by Gregson Davis A Companion to Ancient Egypt A Companion to Families in the Greek and Edited by Alan B. Lloyd Roman Worlds Edited by Beryl Rawson A Companion to Ancient Macedonia Edited by Joseph Roisman and Ian Worthington A Companion to Greek Mythology Edited by Ken Dowden and Niall Livingstone A Companion to the Punic Wars Edited by Dexter Hoyos A Companion to the Latin Language Edited by James Clackson A Companion to Augustine Edited by Mark Vessey A Companion to Tacitus Edited by Victoria Emma Pagán A Companion to Marcus Aurelius Edited by Marcel van Ackeren A Companion to Women in the Ancient World Edited by Sharon L. James and Sheila Dillon A Companion to Ancient Greek Government Edited by Hans Beck A Companion to Sophocles Edited by Kirk Ormand A Companion to the Neronian Age Edited by Emma Buckley and Martin T. Dinter A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East Edited by Daniel Potts LITERATURE AND CULTURE A Companion to Roman Love Elegy Published Edited by Barbara K. Gold A Companion to Classical Receptions A Companion to Greek Art Edited by Lorna Hardwick and Christopher Stray Edited by Tyler Jo Smith and Dimitris Plantzos A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography A Companion to Persius and Juvenal Edited by John Marincola Edited by Susanna Braund and Josiah Osgood A Companion to Catullus A Companion to the Archaeology of the Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner Roman Republic A Companion to Roman Religion Jane DeRose Evans Edited by Jörg Rüpke A Companion to Greek Religion Edited by Daniel Ogden A Companion TO THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC Edited by Jane DeRose Evans A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2013 © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Jane DeRose Evans to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to the archaeology of the Roman Republic / edited by Jane DeRose Evans. pages cm. – (Blackwell companions to the ancient world) Includes bibliographical references and index. “A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., publication.” ISBN 978-1-4051-9966-7 (hardback : alkaline paper) – ISBN 978-1-118-55712-9 (Wiley Online Libary) – ISBN 978-1-118-55713-6 (Bro) – ISBN 978-1-118-55714-3 (eMobi) – ISBN 978-1-118-55715-0 (ePDF) – ISBN 978-1-118-55716-7 (ePub) 1. Rome–History–Republic, 510–265 B.C. 2. Rome–History– Republic, 265–30 B.C. 3. Rome–Antiquities. 4. Social archaeology–Rome. 5. Material culture– Rome. 6. Landscape archaeology–Rome. 7. Technology–Social aspects–Rome. 8. Group identity–Rome. 9. Imperialism–Social aspects–Rome. I. Evans, Jane DeRose, 1956– DG77.C583 2013 937′.02–dc23 2012042774 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: Largo di Torre Argentina. Rome, Italy © Marka / SuperStock Cover design by Workhaus Set in 10/12.5pt Galliard by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2013 Contents List of Illustrations ix Notes on Contributors xiv Abbreviations xxi Preface xxii Introduction 1 Jane DeRose Evans PART I Material Culture and Its Impact on Social Configuration 13 1 Development of Baths and Public Bathing during the Roman Republic 15 Fikret K. Yegül 2 Public Entertainment Structures 33 Mantha Zarmakoupi 3 Republican Houses 50 Shelley Hales 4 Tombs and Funerary Monuments 67 Sylvia Diebner 5 Before Sigillata: Black-Gloss Pottery and Its Cultural Dimensions 81 Roman Roth 6 Amphoras and Shipwrecks: Wine from the Tyrrhenian Coast at the End of the Republic and Its Distribution in Gaul 97 Fanette Laubenheimer vi Contents 7 Coins and the Archaeology of the Roman Republic 110 Jane DeRose Evans 8 Weapons and the Army 123 Andrew L.