Brahma Sutra

BRAHMA SUTRA CHAPTER 1 3rd Pada 1st Adikaranam to 12th Adhikaranam Sutra 1 to 43 INDEX S. No. Topic Pages Topic No Sutra No Introduction 817 19 Dyubhvadyadhikaranam : (Sutras 1-7) 19 a) Sutra 1 818 19 64 b) Sutra 2 831 19 65 c) Sutra 3 833 19 66 d) Sutra 4 835 19 67 e) Sutra 5 842 19 68 f) Sutra 6 844 19 69 g) Sutra 7 845 19 70 20 Bhumadhikaranam : (Sutras 8-9) 20 a) Sutra 8 850 20 71 b) Sutra 9 868 20 72 21 Aksharadhikaranam : (Sutras 10-12) 21 a) Sutra 10 883 21 73 b) Sutra 11 891 21 74 c) Sutra 12 895 21 75 [i] S. No. Topic Pages Topic No Sutra No 22 Ikshatikarmavyapadesadhikaranam: Topic 4 22 a) Sutra 13 903 22 76 23 Daharadhikaranam : (Sutras 14-21) 23 a) Sutra 14 919 23 77 b) Sutra 15 933 23 78 c) Sutra 16 947 23 79 d) Sutra 17 952 23 80 e) Sutra 18 959 23 81 f) Sutra 19 966 23 82 g) Sutra 20 991 23 83 h) Sutra 21 996 23 84 24 Anukrityadhikaranam : (Sutras 22-23) 24 a) Sutra 22 1003 24 85 b) Sutra 23 1023 24 86 [ii] S. No. Topic Pages Topic No Sutra No 25 Pramitadhikaranam : (Sutras 24-25) 25 a) Sutra 24 1027 25 87 b) Sutra 25 1034 25 88 26 Devatadhikaranam : (Sutras 26-33) 26 a) Sutra 26 1038 26 89 b) Sutra 27 1040 26 90 c) Sutra 28 1042 26 91 d) Sutra 29 1067 26 92 e) Sutra 30 1072 26 93 f) Sutra 31 1078 26 94 g) Sutra 32 1081 26 95 h) Sutra 33 1085 26 96 Iiii] S. No. Topic Pages Topic No Sutra No 27 Apasudradhikaranam : (Sutras 34-38) 27 a) Sutra 34 1101 27 97 b) Sutra 35 1112 27 98 c) Sutra 36 1116 27 99 d) Sutra 37 1119 27 100 e) Sutra 38 1122 27 101 28 Kampanadhikaranam : 28 a) Sutra 39 1129 28 102 29 Jyotiradhikaranam: 29 a) Sutra 40 1142 29 103 30 Arthantaratvadivyapadesadhikaranam : 30 a) Sutra 41 1155 30 104 31 Sushuptyutkrantyadhikaranam : (Sutras 42-43) 31 a) Sutra 42 1164 31 105 b) Sutra 43 1190 31 106 [iv] Lecture 88 : Chapter 1 : Samanvaya Adhyaya • Consistency in Upanishads with respect to Topic of Brahman, revelation of Brahman. • All Upanishads consistently reveal Brahman only. • Vyasa proves Brahman = Subject matter of Upanishad not karma. But that (Brahman is to be known only from the Scriptures and not independently by any other means is established), because it is the main purpose (of all Vedantic texts). [1 – 1 – 4] • Foundation for whole chapter. • Upanishads constantly reveal Brahman alone, 4 Padas / Sections of 1st chapter deal with consistency. • What is difference in 4 Padas, Within consistency secondary division made. Brahman Direct Revelation Indirect Revelation - Not taken in Brahma Sutra Clear indicators Vague indicators Taittriya Upanishad : - Yatho Vai Mani…*3 – 1 – 3] Spashta Linga Aspashta Lingam 1st Pada 2nd Pada 817 Taittriya Upanishad : To him (Bhrgu) he (Varuna) a gain said : “that from which these beings are born ; that by which, having been born, these beings live and continue to exist ; and that into which, when departing, they all enter ; that seekest thou to know. That is Brahman”. He, (Bhrgu) performed penance ; and after having done penance…. *3 – 1 – 3] 3rd Pada : • Aspashta lingam - indirect indicator. • Subject matter of 2nd / 3rd different. Common factor : • Both deal with Aspashta Linga Vakya. • 3rd Pada - 13 Adhikaranams - 43 Sutras General Introduction : Sutra 1 : The abode of heaven, earth, etc., (is Brahman) on account of the term, ‘own’ i.e., ‘Self’. *1 – 3 – 1] Mundak Upanishad : 818 He in whom the heaven, the earth and the interspace are centered, together with the mind and all life-breaths (Prana-s) – know Him alone as the one Self of all, and desist from all other talk. This is the man’s bridge to the shore of Immortality (across the ocean of life). [II – II – 5] Vishaya : • Yasmin - in Brahman is Otham, based, located - Svarga Loka - Suar Loka. • Bu - Prithvi and Buar Loka Antariksham, Entire universe based on Brahman. • Brahman is Vishwadharam, Jagat Aashrayam. • Manasaha Pranasya Sarvai, Internal world - Manaha, Pranaha. Brahman - Aadhara for Bahya Prapancha Aantara, Prapancha • Brahman = Support of macro and micro cosmic universe. • Vishwadharam, Ayathanam, Tame Veikam Anantha Atmanam - May you know Adharam. • Anya Vacho Vimuchyata, Reduce Vyavahara - Thereafter. • Dedicate life to Sravanam / Mananam / Nididhyasanam. 4th Line : • Amrutasya Teshe Hetuhu - 2 Meanings. First Meaning : • Brahman – Vishwadharam - Is holder of immortality, like dam - Water holder. • Paramatma = Brahman... holder of immortality – Amrutatvam. • Dam holds water. Immortality = Abstract noun. 2nd Commentary : • 3rd Line... Brahman Jnanam = Sethuhu = bridge not dam, to cross over and reach immortal Brahman = Amrutatvam. 819 Both Correct Brahman – Holder of immortality = Dam Brahman Jnanam = Bridge – Means to reach immortality Problem : Vishwadharam – Ayathanam – Otham = Support of universe = Base / Adharam - Matter - Consciousness / Brahman - Pradhanam / Prakrti - Chetanam - Sankhya - Vedantin - Ayam - Maya - From which world has come, Sustained, goes back - Why Chetanam Brahman? - Jagat Adharam Kim? Vishwa Aadhara Kaha? Purva Pakshi : - Pradhanam is Adharam Scientist = Matter is Basic stuff • Hence called materialist consciousness - Only temporary function in brain. • When all brains destroyed, matter remains, consciousness gone. • Before beginning of creation... Matter alone was there... in between life came. • 7 Reasons... Why Vishwadharam is Chaitanyam. 1st Sutra : • Vishwadhara in Mundak Upanishad : Chapter – 2 – 2 – 5 - is Brahman alone. 820 Main Reason : Clinching evidence. • Line 1 + 2 – Vishwadhara • Line 3 - Atma used in Upanishad. Tame Veikam Janata : o Atma = Chetana Brahman alone o I / Self – Can’t be used by Achetana o Desk – Self = Reflexive Pronoun 1st Reason : • Atma Shabda Prayogat – Atma = Paramatma. 2nd Reason : • Upanishad clarifies elsewhere. Chandogyo Upanishad : Where else, except in food, can the body have its root? In the same way, O Somya, when food is the sprout, search for water as the root; when water is the sprout, O Somya, search for fire as the root; when fire is the sprout, O Somya, search for Sat [Existence] as the root. O Somya, Sat is the root, Sat is the abode, and Sat is the support of all these beings. [6 – 8 – 4] Sad Ayatanaha Imam Prajaha Brahman Support Jiva • Brahman alone is support of Jiva. 821 6th Chapter : • Sashta Adhyaya – Chandogyo Upanishad : Somya, before this world was manifest there was only existence, one without a second. On this subject, some maintain that before this world was manifest there was only non-existence, one without a second. Out of that non-existence, existence emerged. [6 – 2 – 1] Katho Upanishad : Somya, before this world was manifest there was only existence, one without a second. On this subject, some maintain that before this world was manifest there was only non-existence, one without a second. Out of that non-existence, existence emerged. [2 – 3 – 1] Gita : They (wise people) speak of the indestructible Peepul Tree (Ficus Religiosa) having its root above and branches below, whose leaves are the Vedas ; he who knows it is a Veda-knower. [Chapter 15 – Verse 1] • 14 Lokas based on Brahman, Pradhanam not said. Brahman = Vishwadharam in Katho Upanishad. • Vishwadhara = Brahman only dragged from Katho Upanishad. 822 2 Reasons : a) Usage of Atma b) Upanishad clarifies elsewhere. General Analysis over : Word Analysis : • Byukva – Diya – Ayathanam Vashadad. Dyu Buh Anadhi Ayathanam - Heaven - Earth - Interspace, mind, Organs, Prana - Support - Suar Loka - Transfixed on some entity - Vishwadhara Vishnu Sahasranamam : I bow to Lord Vishnu who has the three worlds as His body. The Earth is His feet, and the sky His navel. Wind is His breath, and the Sun and the Moon are His eyes. Directions are His ears, and the Heaven is His head. Fire is His face and ocean His abdomen. In Him is situated the universe with diverse kinds of Gods, men, birds, cattle, serpents, Gandharvas and Daityas (demons)- all sporting in a charming way. [Verse 2] Mundak Upanishad : 1708 23 He in whom the heaven, the earth and the interspace are centered, together with the mind and all life-breaths (Prana-s) – know Him alone as the one Self of all, and desist from all other talk. This is the man’s bridge to the shore of Immortality (across the ocean of life). [II – II – 5] Siddantin : • Vishwadharam = Pradhanam 1st interpretation Sva Shabdat - Atma - Lord / Brahman - Shabda - Not Sound - Prayogat 2nd Interpretation : • Sva = Reflexive pronoun = Upanishad, Shabdat = Clarification not word. • Because of clarification given by Upanishads elsewhere. • Chandogyo Upanishad : Chapter 6 – 8 – 4 • Katho Upanishad : Chapter 2 – 3 – 1 • Usage of Atma – Vishwadharam is Brahman alone. Purva Pakshi : • Pradhanam not Brahman. 824 4th Line : • Eshaha Setuhu Purva Pakshi - 1st Interpretation : • Vishwadharam = Setuhu = Dam - Water holder. • Any holder - Limited entity - Has boundary - Nagarjuna Sagar dam also. • If Brahman is Dam, it will be limited, finite entity. Hence Vishwadharam - Not dam – Not Brahman. 2nd Interpretation : • Eshai Setuhu Amrutatvam. • Amrutam = Brahman - Not immortality. • Brahman is holder of Amrutam of Brahman, Brahman is holder of Brahman – illogical? 825 Lecture 89 Sutra 1 : The abode of heaven, earth, etc., (is Brahman) on account of the term, ‘own’ i.e., ‘Self’. *1 – 3 – 1] • Dyubh Vadi Adhikaranam. Mundak Upanishad : He in whom the heaven, the earth and the interspace are centered, together with the mind and all life-breaths (Prana-s) – know Him alone as the one Self of all, and desist from all other talk. This is the man’s bridge to the shore of Immortality (across the ocean of life). [II – II – 5] • Line 1 + 2 - Substratum of universe. Universe Dyu Bhu Suar Loka, heaven Prithvi • Holder of universe - Dyubhvadayayatanam Vishwa Ayathanam Byu and Bhu Adharam - Support 826 • What is Vishwadharam in Chapter 2 – 2 – 5? Pradhanam Brahman Achetana Tatvam Chetanam Vyasa 3rd line : • Sva Shabdat → 2 interpretations.

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