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Scaling of Rendered Stereoscopic Scenes Master Thesis Report Ricardo José Teixeira Dos Santos

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Scaling of Rendered Stereoscopic Scenes Master Thesis Report Ricardo José Teixeira Dos Santos University of West Bohemia in Pilsen Department of Computer Science and Engineering Univerzitni 8 30614 Pilsen Czech Republic Scaling of Rendered Stereoscopic Scenes Master Thesis Report Ricardo José Teixeira dos Santos Technical Report No. DCSE/TR-2005-09 June, 2005 Distribution: public Technical Report No. DCSE/TR-2005-09 June 2005 Scaling of Rendered Stereoscopic Scenes Ricardo José Teixeira dos Santos Abstract: Rendered stereoscopic scenes suffer from a scaling problem, which causes major restrictions on their portability to other stereoscopic display mediums. A main solution for this problem is presented, as well as other complementary solutions. Also, the basics of depth perception are presented, and some insight on the current three-dimensional displays used. This work was supported by identification of grant or project. Copies of this report are available on http://www.kiv.zcu.cz/publications/ or by surface mail on request sent to the following address: University of West Bohemia in Pilsen Department of Computer Science and Engineering Univerzitni 8 30614 Pilsen Czech Republic Copyright © 2005 University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic Index Abstract..................................................................................................................................................................2 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................................3 2. Perception of depth..............................................................................................................................................4 2.1 Physiological information, the oculomotor cues.............................................................................................5 2.1.1 Convergence........................................................................................................................................5 2.1.2 Accommodation...................................................................................................................................5 2.2 Monocular visual cues..................................................................................................................................6 2.3 Binocular visual cues....................................................................................................................................9 2.3.1 Retinal disparity...................................................................................................................................9 2.3.2 Parallax..............................................................................................................................................11 2.3.2.1 Parallax classifications................................................................................................................12 2.3.3 Stereograms.......................................................................................................................................14 2.4 Perception of depth from color with ChromaDepth Glasses..........................................................................16 2.4.1 Depth perception from color...............................................................................................................16 2.4.2 ChromaDepth glasses depth effect.......................................................................................................17 3. State of the art...................................................................................................................................................21 3.1 Stereoscopic displays..................................................................................................................................21 3.1.1 Anaglyph...........................................................................................................................................21 3.1.2 Polarization........................................................................................................................................22 3.1.3 Shutter-glasses....................................................................................................................................23 3.1.4 Head mounted displays (HMD)...........................................................................................................23 3.1.5 IMAX 3D...........................................................................................................................................24 3.2 Autostereoscopic displays...........................................................................................................................27 3.2.1 Re-imaging displays...........................................................................................................................28 3.2.2 Volumetric displays............................................................................................................................29 3.2.3 Parallax displays.................................................................................................................................30 3.2.3.1 Parallax barrier displays..............................................................................................................30 3.2.3.2 Lenticular sheet displays.............................................................................................................32 3.2.3.3 Parallax Illumination – DTI Real Depth 3D™..............................................................................34 3.2.4 Holograms..........................................................................................................................................35 3.3 Virtual Reality caves.............................................................................................................................36 4. Problem explanation..........................................................................................................................................38 5. Performed work................................................................................................................................................40 5.1 Problem approach and solutions..................................................................................................................40 5.2 Experimentation.........................................................................................................................................45 5.2.1 Camera settings for the natural scene stereograms................................................................................46 5.2.2 Computer generated stereograms settings............................................................................................48 5.2.3 Stereo-wall used on the experiments....................................................................................................49 5.3 Results.......................................................................................................................................................50 5.3.1 Maximum convergence angle for negative parallax..............................................................................50 5.3.2 Maximum convergence angle for divergent parallax............................................................................55 6. Summary and conclusions.................................................................................................................................60 Acknowledgements...............................................................................................................................................62 References............................................................................................................................................................63 List of figures.......................................................................................................................................................66 Scaling of Rendered Stereoscopic Scenes – May of 2005, Pilsen, Czech Republic Ricardo J.T. Santos ([email protected]) Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Portugal University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic Abstract Rendered stereoscopic scenes suffer from a scaling problem, which causes major restrictions on their portability to other stereoscopic display mediums. A main solution for this problem is presented, as well as other complementary solutions. Also, the basics of depth perception are presented, and some insight on the current three-dimensional displays used. 2 Scaling of Rendered Stereoscopic Scenes – May of 2005, Pilsen, Czech Republic Ricardo J.T. Santos ([email protected]) Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Portugal University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic 1. Introduction Sir Charles Wheatstone, a British physicist and inventor, was the impulsionador in 1833 of a science called stereoscopy, making stereograms with drawings and using stereoscopes to view them. Although there was a time in which a stereoscope and viewing cards could be found in every American home, nowadays stereoscopy is not present on our everyday life. With the goal of making 3D displays present on our everyday life, a consortium of 19 entities led by Bilkent University, in Turkey, has been working on planning and conducting a 48-month project on 3DTV (https://www.3dtv-research.org), which started on September 1 of 2004. The University of West Bohemia
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