Priming Occurs in the Right Hemisphere Only
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Blindsight in Man and Monkey
braini0301 Brain (1997), 120, 535–559 INVITED REVIEW Blindsight in man and monkey Petra Stoerig1 and Alan Cowey2 1Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Correspondence to: Petra Stoerig, Institute of Medical University, Munich, Germany and 2Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestraβe Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK 31, D-80336 Munich, Germany Summary In man and monkey, absolute cortical blindness is caused by degeneration. While extrastriate cortical areas participate in destruction of the optic radiations and/or the primary visual the mediation of the forced-choice responses, a concomitant cortex. It is characterized by an absence of any conscious striate cortical activation does not seem to be necessary for vision, but stimuli presented inside its borders may blindsight. Whether the loss of phenomenal vision is a nevertheless be processed. This unconscious vision includes necessary consequnce of striate cortical destruction and neuroendocrine, reflexive, indirect and forced-choice whether this structure is indispensable for conscious sight responses which are mediated by the visual subsystems are much debated questions which need to be tackled that escape the direct cerebral damage and the ensuing experimentally. Keywords: cortical blindness; blindsight; residual vision; phenomenal vision; visual system Abbreviations: dLGN 5 dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus; OKN 5 optokinetic nystagmus; PGN 5 pregeniculate nucleus; ROC 5 receiver-operating-characteristic curve Introduction ‘A survey of the recent literature indicates that the roˆle of gaining a better understanding of how the visual system the occipital lobes in visually guided behavior in general works and, by exclusion, of getting a hold on the neuronal cannot be properly evaluated as long as investigators are correlate of conscious vision. -
Virtual Reality and Visual Perception by Jared Bendis
Virtual Reality and Visual Perception by Jared Bendis Introduction Goldstein (2002) defines perception as a “conscious sensory experience” (p. 6) and as scientists investigate how the human perceptual system works they also find themselves investigating how the human perceptual system doesn’t work and how that system can be fooled, exploited, and even circumvented. The pioneers in the ability to control the human perceptual system have been in the field of Virtual Realty. In Simulated and Virtual Realities – Elements of Perception, Carr (1995) defines Virtual Reality as “…the stimulation of human perceptual experience to create an impression of something which is not really there” (p. 5). Heilig (2001) refers to this form of “realism” as “experience” and in his 1955 article about “The Cinema of the Future” where he addresses the need to look carefully at perception and breaks down the precedence of perceptual attention as: Sight 70% Hearing 20% Smell 5% Touch 4% Taste 1% (p. 247) Not surprisingly sight is considered the most important of the senses as Leonardo da Vinci observed: “They eye deludes itself less than any of the other senses, because it sees by none other than the straight lines which compose a pyramid, the base of which is the object, and the lines conduct the object to the eye… But the ear is strongly subject to delusions about the location and distance of its objects because the images [of sound] do not reach it in straight lines, like those of the eye, but by tortuous and reflexive lines. … The sense of smells is even less able to locate the source of an odour. -
Chromostereo.Pdf
ChromoStereoscopic Rendering for Trichromatic Displays Le¨ıla Schemali1;2 Elmar Eisemann3 1Telecom ParisTech CNRS LTCI 2XtremViz 3Delft University of Technology Figure 1: ChromaDepth R glasses act like a prism that disperses incoming light and induces a differing depth perception for different light wavelengths. As most displays are limited to mixing three primaries (RGB), the depth effect can be significantly reduced, when using the usual mapping of depth to hue. Our red to white to blue mapping and shading cues achieve a significant improvement. Abstract The chromostereopsis phenomenom leads to a differing depth per- ception of different color hues, e.g., red is perceived slightly in front of blue. In chromostereoscopic rendering 2D images are produced that encode depth in color. While the natural chromostereopsis of our human visual system is rather low, it can be enhanced via ChromaDepth R glasses, which induce chromatic aberrations in one Figure 2: Chromostereopsis can be due to: (a) longitunal chro- eye by refracting light of different wavelengths differently, hereby matic aberration, focus of blue shifts forward with respect to red, offsetting the projected position slightly in one eye. Although, it or (b) transverse chromatic aberration, blue shifts further toward might seem natural to map depth linearly to hue, which was also the the nasal part of the retina than red. (c) Shift in position leads to a basis of previous solutions, we demonstrate that such a mapping re- depth impression. duces the stereoscopic effect when using standard trichromatic dis- plays or printing systems. We propose an algorithm, which enables an improved stereoscopic experience with reduced artifacts. -
A Novel Walk-Through 3D Display
A Novel Walk-through 3D Display Stephen DiVerdia, Ismo Rakkolainena & b, Tobias Höllerera, Alex Olwala & c a University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA b FogScreen Inc., Tekniikantie 12, 02150 Espoo, Finland c Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT We present a novel walk-through 3D display based on the patented FogScreen, an “immaterial” indoor 2D projection screen, which enables high-quality projected images in free space. We extend the basic 2D FogScreen setup in three ma- jor ways. First, we use head tracking to provide correct perspective rendering for a single user. Second, we add support for multiple types of stereoscopic imagery. Third, we present the front and back views of the graphics content on the two sides of the FogScreen, so that the viewer can cross the screen to see the content from the back. The result is a wall- sized, immaterial display that creates an engaging 3D visual. Keywords: Fog screen, display technology, walk-through, two-sided, 3D, stereoscopic, volumetric, tracking 1. INTRODUCTION Stereoscopic images have captivated a wide scientific, media and public interest for well over 100 years. The principle of stereoscopic images was invented by Wheatstone in 1838 [1]. The general public has been excited about 3D imagery since the 19th century – 3D movies and View-Master images in the 1950's, holograms in the 1960's, and 3D computer graphics and virtual reality today. Science fiction movies and books have also featured many 3D displays, including the popular Star Wars and Star Trek series. In addition to entertainment opportunities, 3D displays also have numerous ap- plications in scientific visualization, medical imaging, and telepresence. -
Neon Colour Spreading in Three-Dimensional Illusory Objects in Humans
Neuroscience Letters 281 (2000) 119±122 www.elsevier.com/locate/neulet Neon colour spreading in three-dimensional illusory objects in humans Marja Liinasuoa,*, Ilpo Kojob, Jukka HaÈ kkinenc, Jyrki Rovamod aInstitute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, P.O. Box 9, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland bThe Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Brain Work Laboratory, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland cDepartment of Psychology, General Psychology Division, P.O. Box 13, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland dDepartment of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Wales, College of Cardiff, P.O. Box 905, Cardiff CF1 3XF, UK Received 11 October 1999; received in revised form 7 January 2000; accepted 10 January 2000 Abstract We studied whether neon spreading can be induced within three-dimensional illusory triangles. Kanizsa triangles were induced by black pacman disks consisting of red sectors with curved sides. Viewing our stimuli monocularly produced two-dimensional illusory contours and surfaces as well as neon spreading in each ®gure. Triangles appeared concave or convex under stereoscopical viewing. Neon colour spreading was induced within illusory ®gures bending in three-dimensional space, suggesting that neural contour completion and surface ®lling-in interact across depth. Surpris- ingly, neon spreading was induced above the intervening surface even when the inducers were below the surface. Neon colour and illusory con®guration were preserved behind the intervening surface only when it appeared transparent. q 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Vision; Perception; Illusion; Three-dimensionality; Colour; Neon spreading Illusory ®gures with one to three dimensions are created zontal and vertical crossing lines so that some line elements by the neural processes of visual area V2 [15] between some are replaced by different colour or luminance, the surround- physically existing objects, known as inducers. -
3D-Con2017program.Pdf
There are 500 Stories at 3D-Con: This is One of Them I would like to welcome you to 3D-Con, a combined convention for the ISU and NSA. This is my second convention that I have been chairman for and fourth Southern California one that I have attended. Incidentally the first convention I chaired was the first one that used the moniker 3D-Con as suggested by Eric Kurland. This event has been harder to plan due to the absence of two friends who were movers and shakers from the last convention, David Washburn and Ray Zone. Both passed before their time soon after the last convention. I thought about both often when planning for this convention. The old police procedural movie the Naked City starts with the quote “There are eight million stories in the naked city; this has been one of them.” The same can be said of our interest in 3D. Everyone usually has an interesting and per- sonal reason that they migrated into this unusual hobby. In Figure 1 My Dad and his sister on a keystone view 1932. a talk I did at the last convention I mentioned how I got inter- ested in 3D. I was visiting the Getty Museum in southern Cali- fornia where they had a sequential viewer with 3D Civil War stereoviews, which I found fascinating. My wife then bought me some cards and a Holmes viewer for my birthday. When my family learned that I had a stereo viewer they sent me the only surviving photographs from my fa- ther’s childhood which happened to be stereoviews tak- en in 1932 in Norwalk, Ohio by the Keystone View Com- pany. -
Color Afterimages in Autistic Adults
Color afterimages in autistic adults Article (Published Version) Maule, John, Stanworth, Kirstie, Pellicano, Elizabeth and Franklin, Anna (2018) Color afterimages in autistic adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48 (4). pp. 1409-1421. ISSN 0162-3257 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61156/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk J Autism Dev Disord DOI 10.1007/s10803-016-2786-5 S.I. : LOCAL VS. GLOBAL PROCESSING IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS Color Afterimages in Autistic Adults 1 1 2 1 John Maule • Kirstie Stanworth • Elizabeth Pellicano • Anna Franklin Ó The Author(s) 2016. -
Color Appearance Models Second Edition
Color Appearance Models Second Edition Mark D. Fairchild Munsell Color Science Laboratory Rochester Institute of Technology, USA Color Appearance Models Wiley–IS&T Series in Imaging Science and Technology Series Editor: Michael A. Kriss Formerly of the Eastman Kodak Research Laboratories and the University of Rochester The Reproduction of Colour (6th Edition) R. W. G. Hunt Color Appearance Models (2nd Edition) Mark D. Fairchild Published in Association with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology Color Appearance Models Second Edition Mark D. Fairchild Munsell Color Science Laboratory Rochester Institute of Technology, USA Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 This book was previously publisher by Pearson Education, Inc Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (+44) 1243 770571. This publication is designed to offer Authors the opportunity to publish accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. -
3D Television - Wikipedia
3D television - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 3D television (3DTV) is television that conveys depth perception to the viewer by employing techniques such as stereoscopic display, multi-view display, 2D-plus-depth, or any other form of 3D display. Most modern 3D television sets use an active shutter 3D system or a polarized 3D system, and some are autostereoscopic without the need of glasses. According to DisplaySearch, 3D televisions shipments totaled 41.45 million units in 2012, compared with 24.14 in 2011 and 2.26 in 2010.[1] As of late 2013, the number of 3D TV viewers An example of three-dimensional television. started to decline.[2][3][4][5][6] 1 History 2 Technologies 2.1 Displaying technologies 2.2 Producing technologies 2.3 3D production 3TV sets 3.1 3D-ready TV sets 3.2 Full 3D TV sets 4 Standardization efforts 4.1 DVB 3D-TV standard 5 Broadcasts 5.1 3D Channels 5.2 List of 3D Channels 5.3 3D episodes and shows 5.3.1 1980s 5.3.2 1990s 5.3.3 2000s 5.3.4 2010s 6 World record 7 Health effects 8See also 9 References 10 Further reading The stereoscope was first invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1838.[7][8] It showed that when two pictures 1 z 17 21. 11. 2016 22:13 3D television - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television are viewed stereoscopically, they are combined by the brain to produce 3D depth perception. The stereoscope was improved by Louis Jules Duboscq, and a famous picture of Queen Victoria was displayed at The Great Exhibition in 1851. -
The Mccollough Effect: Dissociating Retinal from Spatial Coordinates
Perception & Psychophysics 1993. 54 (4). 515-526 The McCollough effect: Dissociating retinal from spatial coordinates FELICE L. BEDFORD and KAREN S. REINKE University ofArizona, Tucson, Arizona Three experiments were conducted to dissociate the perceived orientation of a stimulus from its orientation on the retina while inducing the McCollough effect. In the first experiment, the typical contingency between color and retinal orientation was eliminated by having subjects tilt their head 90 0 for half of the induction trials while the stimuli remained the same. The only relation remaining was that between color and the perceived or spatial orientation, which led to only a small contingent aftereffect. In contrast, when the spatial contingency was eliminated in the second experiment, the aftereffect was as large as when both contingencies were present. Finally, a third experiment determined that part of the small spatial effect obtained in the first experiment could be traced to hidden higher order retinal contingencies. The study suggested that even under optimal conditions the McCollough effect is not concerned with real-world prop erties of objects or events. Implications for several classes of theories are discussed. The McCollough effect (ME) is viewed by some re how many pairs of attributes other than color and oriented searchers to be an instance of learning; the most well de lines can lead to contingent aftereffects (see Dodwell & veloped explanation in that class has appealed to Pavlov Humphrey, 1990; Harris, 1980; Siegel et al. 1992; ian conditioning (e.g., Allan & Siegel, 1986; Murch, 1976; Skowbo, 1984; Stromeyer, 1978)? Color can be made Siegel, Allan, & Eissenberg, 1992; Westbrook & Harri contingent on velocity, direction of motion can be made son, 1984). -
Introducing the Scintillating Starburst: Illusory Ray Patterns from Spatial Coincidence Detection
Introducing the scintillating starburst: Illusory ray patterns from spatial coincidence detection 1 2 Michael W Karlovich & Pascal Wallisch 1 Recursia Labs. 2 Department of Psychology, New York University Abstract Here, we introduce a novel class of visual illusion, the “Scintillating Starburst”, which features illusory scintillating rays or beams. We show empirically what combination of factors modulate how an observer experiences this kind of stimulus. We explain how the illusion arises from the interplay of known visual processes, specifically magnocellular and parvocellular dynamics and relate the effects of these ray patterns to other known visual illusions such as illusory contours. Introduction Illusions have played a key role in understanding the principles of perceptual processing (Purkinje, 1825; van Buren & Scholl, 2018), although this notion is not entirely without detractors (Braddick, 2018; Rogers, 2019). One important reason why illusions can be helpful is that they allow us to distinguish the mere sensation of physical object properties from the perceptual experience. This is perhaps clearest in the case of illusory contours. If contours are defined by a sharp change in luminance, it is hard to tell whether the observer “directly” perceives objects in the environment “as they are” or if the percept is constructed in the mind of the observer, because the output of a photometer and perceptual judgments agree (Gibson, 1978; Fodor & Pylyshyn, 1981). Conversely, illusory contours are not defined by changes in luminance, and would be invisible to a photometer, whereas human observers readily perceive them. One example of this is Kanisza’s triangle, which most observers perceive as a bright triangle occluding three black circles - as opposed to the three black pac-man-like shapes are actually defined by luminance (Kanisza, 1955). -
–1– Study Guide for the Final Examination (Wednesday, 4 May
Psychology of Perception Lewis O. Harvey, Jr.–Instructor Psychology 4165-100 Clare E. Sims–Assistant Spring 2011 09:30–9:45 TuTh Study Guide for the final examination (Wednesday, 4 May 2011, 16:30–19:00). Be able to answer the following questions and be familiar with the concepts involved in the answers. Review your homework and lab assignments and be familiar with the concepts included in them as well. 1. Draw a diagram of the eye including the following structures: cornea, lens, pupil, iris, sclera, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, choroid, retina, fovea, optic disk and optic nerve. 2. Offer an explanation of the Hermann Grid phenomenon based on ganglion cell receptive field characteristics. Why is this explanation insufficient? 3. What happens to contrast sensitivity and visual acuity as illumination goes down? Why is 3.2 Lux, the illumination level at the end of civil twilight, used as a rule-of- thumb reference level for the lower limit of practical visual performance? 4. Discuss the evidence that our color vision is based on three different types of cone receptors. 5. What are the major types of color defective vision and what are their causes? What kind of color experiences might a deuteranope have? Why 6. What is retinal disparity? How much disparity do you need for normal stereoscopic acuity? 7. Describe the “size/distance” (size constancy) hypothesis of certain visual illusions. Pick two such illusions and explain them in terms of this hypothesis. 8. A photograph is reproduced on a flat piece of paper. While you are viewing it, what could you do to enhance the impression of depth in a photograph? What are the basic principles? 9.