Philosophy After Darwin ~

Philosophy after Darwin ~

CLASSIC AND CONTEMPORARY READINGS

EDITED BY Michael Ruse

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS • PRINCETON AND OXFORD CONTENTS ~

Acknowledgments ix Introduction

Part I. Epistemologyafter Darwin 13

HERBERT SPENCER The Principles of Psychology 29 FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE The Gay Science 32 CHAUNCEY WRIGHT The Evolution ofSelf-Consciousness 34 CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE The Fixation ofBelief 39 WILLIAM JAMES Great Men, Great Thoughts, and the Environment 49 JOHNDEWEY The Influence ofDarwinism on Philosophy 55

Part 11. Ethics after Darwin 63

CHARLES DARWIN The Descent ofMan 77 HERBERT SPENCER The Data ofEthics 103 WILLIAM GRAHAM SUMNER The Challenge ofFacts 113 ANDREW CARNEGIE The Gospel ofWealth 122 KARL PEARSON Socialism 128 PRINCE PETR KROPOTKIN Mutual Aid 130 ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE Human Progress: Past and Future 133 FRIEDRICH VON BERNHARDI The Right to Make War 134 JACK LONDON The Call of the Wild 137 G. E. MOORE Principia Ethica: Naturalistic Ethics 141 THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY Evolution and Ethics 152

Part III. The EvolutionofIdeas 155

KARLPOPPER Darwinism as a Metaphysical Research Programme 167 THOMASKUHN The Structure ofScientific Revolutions 176

STEPHEN TOULMIN The Evolutionary Development ofNatural Science 177

DANIEL C. DENNETT Memes and the Exploitation ofImagination 189 BRUCE EDMONDS Three Challenges for the Survival ofMemetics 198

v CONTENTS

DAVID HULL Altruism in Science: A Sociobiological Model ofCooperative Behavior among Scientists 202

HILARY PUTNAM Why Reason Cant Be Naturalized: Evolutionary Epistemology 217

Part lV. The EvolutionofRationality 221

KONRAD LORENZ Kanfs Doctrine ofthe APriori in the Light ofContemporary Biology 231

MICHAEL RUSE The View from Somewhere: A Critical Defense ofEvolutionary Epistemology 247

STEVEN PINKER How the Mind Works 275

RONALD DE SOUSA Evolution, Thinking, and Rationality 289

ALVIN PLANTINGA The Evolutionary Argument against Naturalism: An Initial Statement ofthe Argument 301

EVANFALES Darwin's Doubt, Calvin's Calvary 309

Part V; Ethics and Progress 323

EDWARD O. WILSON On Human Nature 333

PETER SINGER A Darwinian Left: Politics, Evolution, and Cooperation 343

LARRY ARNHART Darwinian Conservatism 349

MICHAEL RUSE AND EDWARD O. WILSON Moral Philosophy as Applied Science 365

PHILIP KITCHER Four Ways of"Biologicizing" Ethics 379

ROBERT J. RICHARDS A Defense ofEvolutionary Ethics 388

PartVI. The Evolution ofAltruisrn 411

MARCHAUSER The Liver and the MoralOrgan 423

ELLIOTT SOBER AND DAVID SLOAN WILSON Unto Others 433

RICHARD JOYCE Is Human Morality Innate? 452

ZACH ERNST Game Theory in Evolutionary Biology 464

PETER SINGER Ethics and Intuitions 476

MICHAEL RUSE Evolution and Ethics: The Sociobiological Approach 489

LARRY ARNHART The Darwinian Moral Sense and Biblical Religion 511

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CRAIG A. BOYD Thomistic Natural Law and the Limits of Evolutionary Psychology 522

R. PAUL THOMPSON An Evolutionary Account ofEvil 533

GREGORY R. PETERSON Falling Up: Evolution and Original Sin 539

Sources and Credits 549