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The Natural History Museum General Library Manuscripts Section Alfred Russel Wallace Family Papers c1790-2000 The Natural History Museum General Library Manuscripts Section Alfred Russel Wallace Family Papers c1790-2000 WP Contents Wallace papers collection (fonds) level information……….p.1 WP1…………………………………………………………p.4 WP2………………………………………………………p.182 WP3………………………………………………………p.203 WP4………………………………………………………p.208 WP5………………………………………………………p.215 WP6………………………………………………………p.217 WP7………………………………………………………p.261 WP8………………………………………………………p.299 WP9………………………………………………………p.305 WP10……………………………………………………..p.309 WP11……………………………………………………..p.313 WP12……………………………………………………..p.316 WP13……………………………………………………..p.326 WP14……………………………………………………..p.331 WP15……………………………………………………..p.339 WP16……………………………………………………..p.348 WP17……………………………………………………..p.378 WP18……………………………………………………..p.394 Exported/printed March 2005 The Natural History Museum General Library Manuscripts Section Alfred Russel Wallace Family Papers c1790 – 2000 WP The collection includes personal and related family papers, correspondence, accounts of expenditure, publisher's proofs, reprints, photographs, certificates, pamphlets, press-cuttings, lecture notes and obituaries. The correspondence includes letters from Richard Spruce, and letters written by Wallace to his family from Canada, c. 1886-1887, to his son William c. 1889-1911, to his daughter Violet, to Herbert Walter Bates, and to the Clarion newspaper. Siblings with whom he corresponded or who mentioned in these papers include older brothers William G [George] (died c. 1845), John (c.1819-1895) older sisters Eliza (died 1832) and Frances (Fanny, Mrs Thomas Sims; died 1893) and younger brother Herbert Edward (c.1829- 1851). WP1 Correspondence c. 1838-1913 WP2 Biographical Material and Portraits c. 1850?-1916 WP2/6 Papers re James Marchant's "Letters and Memoirs . ." [1881] c. 1913-1916 WP3 Diaries, Notebooks and Sketchbooks c. 1846-1893 and undated WP4 Houses and architecture, papers re c. 1871-1912 WP5 Land Nationalisation Society, papers re: c. 1881-1901 WP6 Papers re Publications: Books by Alfred Russel Wallace c. 1869?-1913 WP7 Papers re Publications: Short works by Alfred Russel Wallace with some related papers c. 1853-1913 WP8 Spruce, Richard, papers; and annotated print and papers re edition of "Notes of a Botanist" c. 1866?-1908 WP9 Lectures, Papers re: c. 1863?-1909 WP10 Physiography examinations, papers re: c. 1870-1897 WP11 Darwin Centenary, papers re: c.1908-1909 WP12 Short works by authors other than Wallace c. 1790-1914 WP13 Hampden , J, papers re (Flat Earth controversy) c. 1871-1886 WP14 Press Cuttings c. 1885-1910 WP15 Mitten, William, Papers c. 1853-1907 [1988] WP16 Wallace, William Greenell, and Wallace, Violet Isabel, papers c. 1913-1951 WP17 Miscellaneous Photographs and other images c. 1850?-1913? and undated WP18 Miscellanea c. 1810? -2000? and undated Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) traveller and naturalist, independently of but at the same time as, Charles Darwin, identified Natural Selection as the key to evolutionary change. Alfred Russel Wallace was born on January 8th, 1823, near the town of Usk in Monmouthshire, to Thomas Vere Wallace (died May 1843) and Mary Anne Wallace (née Greenell; died 15 November 1868). The family moved to Hertford, Essex, in about 1826. Their father, originally a gentleman of independent means and a non-practicing solicitor, lost money in unsuccessful financial speculation and took up a series of low-paid jobs, and the family moved several times for economic reasons. 1 When Mrs Greenell, Mary Wallace's stepmother, died in 1826, the family moved to her home- town, Hertford, in Essex. Here ARW met another child, George Silk, who became a lifelong friend and correspondent. The Wallaces lived first in a house in Andrews Street, next at an address in Old Cross, a short distance away. Other members of the family included Aunt Wilson, Mary Anne Wallace's sister, wife of Thomas Wilson, lawyer, who in 1826 lived in Dulwich. Thomas Wilson was controlling trustee of a Greenell family legacy which paid for, among other things, John Wallace's board, and held money in trust for the other Wallace children. When Thomas Wilson was declared bankrupt in 1834, the legacy became involved and the Wallace's income was drastically reduced. ARW was educated at Hertford Grammar School and then Hertford School where in his final year he was a pupil-teacher. In 1837, aged 14, he went to London where he stayed with his brother John (an apprentice builder) and became an apprentice surveyor as pupil to his brother William. His parents moved to Rawdon Cottage, Hoddesdon, in the same year. ARW began collecting insect specimens found during his surveying trips, and became increasingly interested in natural history. In 1848 he went with fellow enthusiast H W Bates to the Amazon on a collecting expedition, hoping to make a living as a collector of natural history specimens. His brother Herbert (usually known by his second name, Edward) subsequently joined him, but died of Yellow Fever in 1851. ARW returned to England in 1851, losing his journals and collection of specimens when the ship in which he was sailing caught fire and sank. Still hoping to make a living as a collector and naturalist, ARW sailed for Malaysia in 1854 with a young assistant, Charles Allen. He spent eight years in the Malay Archipelago, collecting birds and insects and studying and writing on the local flora, fauna and people. It was here that he began writing scientific papers, formed his ideas on the natural selection and geographical distribution of species, and began corresponding with Charles Darwin. At a meeting of the Linnean Society on July 1st, 1858, Wallace's paper "On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type", written in early 1858 while he was at Ternate in the Moluccas, was presented jointly with an unpublished essay of 1844 on the subject by Darwin. ARW returned to England in 1862, and subsequently published widely on a variety of scientific and other subjects, and gave public lectures. He travelled to America and Canada for a lecture tour in 1886-1887. He was member of a number of scientific societies, was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1892 and was awarded the Order of Merit by the King in 1908. ARW married Annie Mitten, the daughter of pharmacist and bryologist William Mitten, in about 1866. They had three children, Herbert Spencer (1867-1874), William Greenell (born 1871) and Violet (born 1869). ARW died at home in Broadstone, Dorset, on 8 November, 1913. References: Raby, Peter (London 2002) Alfred Russel Wallace: A Life. 2 Charles H Smith (Website: The Alfred Russel Wallace Page www.wku.edu/~smithch/home.htm). Shermer, Michael (Oxford 2002) In Darwin's Shadow: The Life and Science of Alfred Russel Wallace. A collection of Wallace's papers was purchased for £160,500 by The Natural History Museum after being exclusively offered to it at the beginning of 2001 by the owners, Mr A John Wallace and Mr Richard R Wallace (Alfred Russel Wallace's grandsons) and Mrs A John Wallace (Audrey Wallace). Funding was provided by Heritage Lottery Fund, Natural History Museum Enhancement Grant Fund, Clothworkers' Foundation, Goldsmiths' Company's Charities, Steel Charitable Trust, Idlewild Trust, Mrs Janet Dwek, Mr Anthony Hoare, Rayne Foundation, The Lumpkin Foundation, Mrs Susan Lockhart, Mrs Tania Chislett and Mr James Colyer-Fergusson. The papers were taken into the custody of the NHM on 30 January 2002. It is intended that the library staff using UNICORN software will catalogue publications. The MSS, (including annotated printed matter etc as described above) which are part of the General Library MSS collection, were catalogued in the Archives. Some of the books and MSS in the collection relate to specimens held in the Museum's collections. The acquisition also augments the Museum's existing Wallace holdings; for instance the new material reveals Wallace's post-publication thought and reaction to the work of others, notably Darwin. 3 WP1 Correspondence 1835-1913 Correspondence between Alfred Russel Wallace and his friends, mother and siblings, wife Annie Wallace née Mitten, in-laws, children, colleagues, publishers and readers, with some early correspondence on family affairs between his mother and other members of the family. WP1/1 1889-1911 Alfred Russel Wallace Letters to his son William Greenell Wallace WP1/2 1889-1905 Alfred Russel Wallace Letters to his daughter Violet Isabel Wallace WP1/3 1835-1893 Wallace Family: Correspondence of family members and others WP1/4 1879-1903 Alfred Russel Wallace Letters to Annie Mitten/Wallace WP1/5 1886-1887 Alfred Russel Wallace Letters from the USA and Canada WP1/6 1899-1910 Letters to Alfred Russel Wallace from Fred Birch WP1/7 1889-1910 Letters to Alfred Russel Wallace from Sydney Skertchly WP1/8 1870-1913 Alfred Russel Wallace Miscellaneous Correspondence 1870-1913 A-Z WP1/1 Letters to William Greenell Wallace 1889-1911 Approximately 180 letters, some with enclosures, and 2 postcards, from Alfred Russel Wallace to his son William Wallace. Enclosures include letters, sketch maps and plans, and a press- cutting. There is also 1 sheet of lined paper folded and written on two sides in an unknown hand with notes on the contents of some of the letters (see WP1/1/152). Letters from Alfred Russel Wallace are typically addressed ''My dear Willie'' or ''My dear Will'' and typically signed ''your affectionate Papa''. Letters are generally in date order though some added later are out of sequence including 52 letters previously loose or arranged by subject, almost certainly by or for James Marchant c. 1915; these records have been put in date order at the end of the sequence, see WP1/1/153-201. Notes: The letters were in a small, non-archival box when delivered to the Museum. Only the label, which may have some historical value, has been kept. See old ref WP1/1/139. The letters have been placed in acid-free folders as a bundle.
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