Philosophy after Darwin ~ CLASSIC AND CONTEMPORARY READINGS EDITED BY Michael Ruse PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS • PRINCETON AND OXFORD CONTENTS ~ Acknowledgments ix Introduction Part I. Epistemologyafter Darwin 13 HERBERT SPENCER The Principles of Psychology 29 FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE The Gay Science 32 CHAUNCEY WRIGHT The Evolution ofSelf-Consciousness 34 CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE The Fixation ofBelief 39 WILLIAM JAMES Great Men, Great Thoughts, and the Environment 49 JOHNDEWEY The Influence ofDarwinism on Philosophy 55 Part 11. Ethics after Darwin 63 CHARLES DARWIN The Descent ofMan 77 HERBERT SPENCER The Data ofEthics 103 WILLIAM GRAHAM SUMNER The Challenge ofFacts 113 ANDREW CARNEGIE The Gospel ofWealth 122 KARL PEARSON Socialism 128 PRINCE PETR KROPOTKIN Mutual Aid 130 ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE Human Progress: Past and Future 133 FRIEDRICH VON BERNHARDI The Right to Make War 134 JACK LONDON The Call of the Wild 137 G. E. MOORE Principia Ethica: Naturalistic Ethics 141 THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY Evolution and Ethics 152 Part III. The EvolutionofIdeas 155 KARLPOPPER Darwinism as a Metaphysical Research Programme 167 THOMASKUHN The Structure ofScientific Revolutions 176 STEPHEN TOULMIN The Evolutionary Development ofNatural Science 177 DANIEL C. DENNETT Memes and the Exploitation ofImagination 189 BRUCE EDMONDS Three Challenges for the Survival ofMemetics 198 v CONTENTS DAVID HULL Altruism in Science: A Sociobiological Model ofCooperative Behavior among Scientists 202 HILARY PUTNAM Why Reason Cant Be Naturalized: Evolutionary Epistemology 217 Part lV. The EvolutionofRationality 221 KONRAD LORENZ Kanfs Doctrine ofthe APriori in the Light ofContemporary Biology 231 MICHAEL RUSE The View from Somewhere: A Critical Defense ofEvolutionary Epistemology 247 STEVEN PINKER How the Mind Works 275 RONALD DE SOUSA Evolution, Thinking, and Rationality 289 ALVIN PLANTINGA The Evolutionary Argument against Naturalism: An Initial Statement ofthe Argument 301 EVANFALES Darwin's Doubt, Calvin's Calvary 309 Part V; Ethics and Progress 323 EDWARD O. WILSON On Human Nature 333 PETER SINGER A Darwinian Left: Politics, Evolution, and Cooperation 343 LARRY ARNHART Darwinian Conservatism 349 MICHAEL RUSE AND EDWARD O. WILSON Moral Philosophy as Applied Science 365 PHILIP KITCHER Four Ways of"Biologicizing" Ethics 379 ROBERT J. RICHARDS A Defense ofEvolutionary Ethics 388 PartVI. The Evolution ofAltruisrn 411 MARCHAUSER The Liver and the MoralOrgan 423 ELLIOTT SOBER AND DAVID SLOAN WILSON Unto Others 433 RICHARD JOYCE Is Human Morality Innate? 452 ZACH ERNST Game Theory in Evolutionary Biology 464 PETER SINGER Ethics and Intuitions 476 MICHAEL RUSE Evolution and Ethics: The Sociobiological Approach 489 LARRY ARNHART The Darwinian Moral Sense and Biblical Religion 511 vi CONTENTS CRAIG A. BOYD Thomistic Natural Law and the Limits of Evolutionary Psychology 522 R. PAUL THOMPSON An Evolutionary Account ofEvil 533 GREGORY R. PETERSON Falling Up: Evolution and Original Sin 539 Sources and Credits 549 Further Reading 553 Bibliography 561 Index 569 vii.