Nuclear Power Plants – Design and Safe Operation
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Nuclear Power Plants
ONE STOP MONITORING SOLUTIONS | HYDROLOGY | GEOTECHNICAL | STRUCTURAL | GEODECTIC APPLICATION NOTE ONLINE MONITORING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS 1 INTRODUCTION Geotechnical and geodetic monitoring is an integral part for ensuring that nuclear safety-related facilities meet design objectives. Due to the highly regulated environment of a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), an acceptable instrumentation plan has to be developed for monitoring the performance of foundations, excavation support systems, containment, power plant and other facilities at the site. The instrumentation and monitoring of these critical structures are performed during construction and over the life of the facility. This application note has been developed mainly for India where a large number of nuclear power plants are envisaged to be set-up by NPCIL (PHWR 700) with indigenous technology and in association with the Russians (VVER 1000), Americans (AP 1000) and French (EPR 1650). Encardio-rite, in association with SITES, France is best placed anywhere in the World to provide a comprehensive total solution with leading technology for the safety Instrumentation & Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plants. SITES France, a partner of Encardio-rite through an agreement, is a leading Organization in the World in Structural Health Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plants Encardio-rite well proven digital sensors and automatic dataloggers provide comprehensive monitoring through an Advanced Data Management System which can be installed in a control room with use of minimal cables. The Data Management System (Drishti from Encardio-rite and Simon-e from SITES) have powerful tools for retrieving data from automatic data loggers, archiving the data in a SQL database, performing the required calculations on the data and presenting the processed data in tabular and most suitable graphical forms for easy interpretation of the logged data and generating alarm messages. -
Deployability of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors for Alberta Applications Report Prepared for Alberta Innovates
PNNL-25978 Deployability of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors for Alberta Applications Report Prepared for Alberta Innovates November 2016 SM Short B Olateju (AI) SD Unwin S Singh (AI) A Meisen (AI) DISCLAIMER NOTICE This report was prepared under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), as an account of work sponsored by Alberta Innovates (“AI”). Neither AI, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), DOE, the U.S. Government, nor any person acting on their behalf makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by AI, PNNL, DOE, or the U.S. Government. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of AI, PNNL, DOE or the U.S. Government. Deployability of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors for Alberta Applications SM Short B Olateju (AI) SD Unwin S Singh (AI) A Meisen (AI) November 2016 Prepared for Alberta Innovates (AI) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 Executive Summary At present, the steam requirements of Alberta’s heavy oil industry and the Province’s electricity requirements are predominantly met by natural gas and coal, respectively. On November 22, 2015 the Government of Alberta announced its Climate Change Leadership Plan to 1) phase out all pollution created by burning coal and transition to more renewable energy and natural gas generation by 2030 and 2) limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from oil sands operations. -
Advanced Reactors
© 2012 European Nuclear Society Rue Belliard 65 1040 Brussels, Belgium Phone + 32 2 505 30 54 Fax +32 2 502 39 02 E-mail [email protected] Internet www.euronuclear.org ISBN 978-92-95064-14-0 These transactions contain all contributions submitted by 7 December 2012. The content of contributions published in this book reflects solely the opinions of the authors concerned. The European Nuclear Society is not responsible for details published and the accuracy of data presented. 2 of 96 ENC2012-A0026 Development of a thermohydraulic model of the Lazaro Chueca, A. (1); Ammirabile, L. (1); European Sodium Fast Reactor (ESFR) using Martorell, S. (2) the system code TRACE. 1 - JRC-IET, Netherlands 2 - Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Spain ENC2012-A0028 Generation IV Technology Status including Anderson, G. (1); Lillington, J. (1) recent R & D Activities in ANSWERS 1 - AMEC, United Kingdom ENC2012-A0053 Preliminary Design Assessment of the Molten Merle-Lucotte, E. (1); Allibert, M. (1); Salt Fast Reactor Brovchenko, M. (1); Ghetta, V. (1); Heuer, D. (1); Rubiolo, P. (1); Laureau, A. (1) 1 - LPSC-IN2P3-CNRS / UJF / Grenoble INP, France ENC2012-A0078 Development of materials to withstand the Shepherd, D. (1) extreme, irradiated environments in advanced 1 - National Nuclear Laboratory, United Kingdom nuclear fission reactors ENC2012-A0126 ARCHER:- Material and component challenges Buckthorpe, D. (1) for the Advanced High Temperature Reactor 1 - AMEC, United Kingdom ENC2012-A0258 Pressure Drop Analysis of a Pressure-Tube Type Peiman, W. (1); Saltanov, E. (1); Pioro, I. SuperCritical Water-Cooled Reactor (SCWR) (1); Gabriel, K. (1) 1 - University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada ENC2012-A0003 SPES3: THE INTEGRAL FACILITY FOR Ferri, R. -
Progress in Nuclear Energy 105 (2018) 83–98
Progress in Nuclear Energy 105 (2018) 83–98 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Nuclear Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pnucene Technology perspectives from 1950 to 2100 and policy implications for the T global nuclear power industry Victor Nian Energy Studies Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: There have been two completed phases of developments in nuclear reactor technologies. The first phase is the Nuclear industry trends demonstration of exploratory Generation I reactors. The second phase is the rapid scale-up of Generation II Nuclear energy policy reactors in North America and Western Europe followed by East Asia. We are in the third phase, which is the ff Technology di usion construction of evolutionary Generation III/III+ reactors. Driven by the need for safer and more affordable New user state nuclear reactors post-Fukushima, the nuclear industry has, in parallel, entered the fourth phase, which is the International cooperation development of innovative Generation IV reactors. Through a comprehensive review of the historical reactor Advanced reactor development technology developments in major nuclear states, namely, USA, Russia, France, Japan, South Korea, and China, this study presents a projection on the future potentials of advanced reactor technologies, with particular focus on pressurized water reactors, high temperature reactors, and fast reactors, by 2100. The projected potentials provide alternative scenarios to develop insights that complement the established technology roadmaps. Findings suggest that there is no clear winner among these technologies, but fast reactors could demonstrate a new and important decision factor for emerging markets. Findings also suggest small modular reactors, espe- cially those belonging to Generation IV, as a transitional technology for developing domestic market and in- digenous technology competence for emerging nuclear states. -
Safety, Safeguards and Security in Indian Civil Nuclear Facilities
NSSPI-12-010 SAFETY, SAFEGUARDS AND SECURITY IN INDIAN CIVIL NUCLEAR FACILITIES Ankush Batra* and Paul Nelson April 5, 2012 * Visiting Scholar from the School of Nuclear Energy, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Currently affiliated with PM-Dimensions Pvt. Ltd. Comments, criticisms, discussion, questions and suggestions regarding this report are welcome. Respondents are kindly requested to provide same in the form of electronic mail addressed to [email protected]. ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There have recently been many calls, especially from within the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), for states interested in civil nuclear energy programs not only to focus upon the “3Ss” of safety, safeguards and security, but to exploit commonalities between these important concerns in order to make this focus practically realizable. Much of the emphasis upon the 3Ss has occurred within the context of states having or considering developing new civil nuclear programs. The study described in this report considers the issue of integrating the 3Ss for the unique case of India, as a state that has long had a civil nuclear energy program, but which has only recently become well integrated within the international market for nuclear materials and technology. This study begins with a review of calls for achieving synergies between the 3Ss, as arising from the IAEA and elsewhere, along with reasons for India to be interested in such synergies. India plans sharp expansion of its domestic nuclear-power industry, based upon imports of uranium enabled by its 2008 agreement with the Nuclear Suppliers Group, and has an announced intent to export some of its considerably developed pressurized heavy-water reactor technology. -
Core Design and Optimization of the High Conversion Small Modular Reactor
Technische Universität München Fakultät für Maschinenwesen Lehrstuhl für Nukleartechnik Core Design and Optimization of the High Conversion Small Modular Reactor Denis Janin Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Maschinenwesen der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktor-Ingenieurs (Dr.-Ing.) genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzender: Prof. Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis, PhD Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Prof. Rafael Macián-Juan, PhD 2. Prof. Dr. Jean-Baptiste Thomas Die Dissertation wurde am 08.05.2018 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät für Maschinenwesen am 01.11.2018 angenommen. ABSTRACT This research work investigates the design and optimization of the high conversion small modular reactor (HCSMR) core. The HCSMR has a thermal output of 600 MW for 200 MW electrical. It is an integrated PWR with a tightened fuel assembly lattice. The rod-to-rod pitch is 1.15 cm in a hexagonal fuel assembly geometry. As a result the moderation ratio (1.0) is reduced compared to large PWRs (around 2.0) and the HCSMR has an improved ability to convert 238U into 239Pu and use plutonium isotopes more efficiently. The core is loaded with MOX fuel. The HCSMR concept finds its roots both in large high conversion light water reactors and small modular reactor (SMR) concepts. The reduced core size results in an increased neutron leakage rate compared to large cores. This intrinsically supports the core behavior in voided situations. The necessity to introduce fertile fuel materials in the core to keep negative void coefficients is reduced, contributing to the HCSMR safety and limited core heterogeneity. -
60 Years of Marine Nuclear Power: 1955
Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 - 2018 Part 4: Europe & Canada Peter Lobner July 2018 1 Foreword In 2015, I compiled the first edition of this resource document to support a presentation I made in August 2015 to The Lyncean Group of San Diego (www.lynceans.org) commemorating the 60th anniversary of the world’s first “underway on nuclear power” by USS Nautilus on 17 January 1955. That presentation to the Lyncean Group, “60 years of Marine Nuclear Power: 1955 – 2015,” was my attempt to tell a complex story, starting from the early origins of the US Navy’s interest in marine nuclear propulsion in 1939, resetting the clock on 17 January 1955 with USS Nautilus’ historic first voyage, and then tracing the development and exploitation of marine nuclear power over the next 60 years in a remarkable variety of military and civilian vessels created by eight nations. In July 2018, I finished a complete update of the resource document and changed the title to, “Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018.” What you have here is Part 4: Europe & Canada. The other parts are: Part 1: Introduction Part 2A: United States - Submarines Part 2B: United States - Surface Ships Part 3A: Russia - Submarines Part 3B: Russia - Surface Ships & Non-propulsion Marine Nuclear Applications Part 5: China, India, Japan and Other Nations Part 6: Arctic Operations 2 Foreword This resource document was compiled from unclassified, open sources in the public domain. I acknowledge the great amount of work done by others who have published material in print or posted information on the internet pertaining to international marine nuclear propulsion programs, naval and civilian nuclear powered vessels, naval weapons systems, and other marine nuclear applications. -
Advances in Small Modular Reactor Technology Developments
Advances in Small Modular Reactor Technology Developments Advances in Small Modular Reactor Technology Developments Technology in Small Modular Reactor Advances A Supplement to: IAEA Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS) 2018 Edition For further information: Nuclear Power Technology Development Section (NPTDS) Division of Nuclear Power IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria Telephone: +43 1 2600-0 Fax: +43 1 2600-7 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.iaea.org Printed by IAEA in Austria September 2018 18-02989E ADVANCES IN SMALL MODULAR REACTOR TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS 2018 Edition A Supplement to: IAEA Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS) http://aris.iaea.org DISCLAIMER This is not an official IAEA publication. The material has not undergone an official review by the IAEA. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the International Atomic Energy Agency or its Member States and remain the responsibility of the contributors. Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information contained in this publication, neither the IAEA nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from its use. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. -
AIEA D”Pliant 2013
The CEA is a leading IRSN is the public AREVA supplies ever DCNS designs, builds The EDF group is ASSYSTEM is an ANDRA (National AFNI (France I2EN: The mission of The INSTN stands public body in research, expert in nuclear and safer and more and supports French an integrated energy international Agency for Radioactive International Nuclear the International out as a specifically development and radiological risks for economical solutions Navy nuclear company with a Engineering and Waste Management) Agency) is your Institute of Nuclear nuclear oriented innovation. The CEA is all nuclear facilities. for power generation powered vessels for presence in a wide Innovation Consultancy ensures the sustainable partner to benefit from Energy (I2EN) is to higher education active in four main As a research and with less carbon: more than 50 years. range of electricity- representing 10,200 management of the experience and provide the best institution. As part of areas: low-carbon expert appraisal nuclear and With a large offer related businesses: people worldwide. radioactive waste know-how of France in training solutions for the CEA, the INSTN energies, defence and organisation, IRSN renewables. Ranked covering engineering, nuclear, renewable As a key participant produced in France the preparation of human resources draws on the scientific security, information works together with all first in the global manufacturing and and fossil-fuel fired in the nuclear industry and provides surface your nuclear project. development in potential of this technology and health the parties concerned nuclear power services, DCNS energy production; for 45 years, disposal solutions for AFNI will assist you to nuclear energy to leading institution in technology. -
Politique Industrielle Et De Relance : Nous Avons Beaucoup À Apprendre De Nos Filières Industrielles Stratégiques Et Historiques ! 2 Sommaire
Politique industrielle et de relance : nous avons beaucoup à apprendre de nos filières industrielles stratégiques et historiques ! 2 Sommaire Introduction 04 Partie 1 06 Confrontées à l’impératif de souveraineté, les filières industrielles stratégiques et historiques ont intégré des enjeux spécifiques. Partie 2 14 Les « bonnes pratiques » des filières stratégiques historiques devraient inspirer d’autres secteurs mis en défaut d’autonomie par la crise sanitaire. Partie 3 18 Quels enseignements tirer en matière de politique industrielle dans un contexte de relance ? Contact 24 3 Introduction FILIÈRES INDUSTRIELLES Sous-marins australiens, usine de souveraineté. Dans le monde STRATÉGIQUES retraitement du combustible nucléaire économique, les appels à la relance HISTORIQUES en Chine, EPR, A380, succession ont été nombreux. Celle-ci devrait du porte-avions Charles de Gaulle… être fondée sur une nouvelle politique c’est très souvent par le prisme de industrielle générale, et la (re ?) DÉFENSE l’événement – grande négociation nomination du Haut-Commissaire TERRESTRE, NAVAL ET bilatérale, signature d’un contrat, au Plan devrait en être le vecteur : AÉRONAUTIQUE dérapage d’un programme – que les quelles priorités selon les secteurs ? industries de grands programmes avec quel plan de marche et quels (défense, énergie, transport, spatial) moyens de suivi ? ÉNERGIE font parler d’elles. Pourtant, ces NUCLÉAIRE grands contrats sont avant tout Autant de questions face auxquelles le fruit d’une politique industrielle nos filières stratégiques historiques -
Online Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plants
ONE STOP MONITORING SOLUTIONS | HYDROLOGY | GEOTECHNICAL | STRUCTURAL | GEODECTIC Over 50 years of excellence through ingenuity APPLICATION NOTE ONLINE MONITORING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Encardio-rite is partnering through an agreement with SITES, France which is a leading Organization in the World in Structural Health Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plants 1 INTRODUCTION According to International Energy Agency (IEA), by the end of 2019, there were 449 nuclear power reactors in the World supplying around 11 % of the World Energy requirement. The seven Countries having the largest nuclear power generation capacity in the World are: 1. USA 96 reactors 97,565 MW 2. France 57 reactors 62,250 MW 3. China 48 reactors 45,518 MW 4. Japan 33 reactors 31,679 MW 5. Russia 38 reactors 28,402 MW 6. Korea 24 reactors 23,172 MW 7. Canada 19 reactors 13,554 MW A total of 53 nuclear reactors are under construction presently, with 10 in China, 7 in India and 4 each in Russia, Korea and UAE. India has 21 reactors at seven nuclear plant locations with a total capacity of 6,680 MW. Nine more reactors with a capacity of 6700 MW are under construction. Two of these are at Gorakhpur where the project got delayed due to some problems in land acquisition. The remaining seven are expansion of existing capacity at Kalpakkam, Kakrapar, Rajasthan, Kundankulam, Tarapur. Over 50 years of excellence through ingenuity Table 3 gives prospective nuclear power plants to be set-up in India. In cabinet meeting of April 17, 2017, Government of India approved construction of 10 units of India’s indigenous Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) with a total installed capacity of 7000 MW. -
Les Réacteurs Nucléaires Bugey Jacky Ruste Ingénieur INSA Génie Physique Docteur Ingénieur Université Nancy 1 (Ing
Ecole Doctorale SI-MMEA Science et Ingénierie en Matériaux, Mécanique, Energétique et Aéronautique Formation thématique : nucléaire et matériaux Chinon Chooz Les réacteurs nucléaires Bugey Jacky Ruste Ingénieur INSA Génie Physique Docteur Ingénieur Université Nancy 1 (Ing. Senior EDF R&D) 1 [email protected] Civeaux http://micro.icaunais.free.fr L’énergie nucléaire c’est : En 2013: 435 réacteurs en service (dont 58 en France) 73 réacteurs en construction 160 réacteurs programmés 320 réacteurs en projet… 5 % de l’énergie primaire produite dans le monde 13,5 % de la production mondiale d’électricité 30 % de la production électrique de l’Union Européenne 75 % de la production française d’électricité (2012) Nombre de morts par TWh produit (selon le Wall Street Daily) L’éolien est 4 fois plus dangereux, le solaire 10 fois plus, le pétrole 1.000 fois plus et le charbon 4.000 fois plus ! (responsable de 15.000 morts par an) Selon une autre étude publiée par « Environnemental Science & technology », entre 1971 et 2009, le nucléaire 2 aurait évité près de 2 millions de décès, en se substituant aux énergies fossiles… d’ici 2018 73 réacteurs seront construits dans le monde au printemps 2013 D’autres, au Nigéria, en Turquie, en Jordanie, en Grande Bretagne, en Argentine, au Brésil…… sont en projet… des PWR, BWR, Candu, VVER, EPR, … Il n’y a pas qu’un seul type de réacteurs nucléaires… il existe différentes filières 1 - Un réacteur nucléaire, comment ça marche ? 2 – Quelles sont les différentes filières actuelles? 3 3 – Que seront les réacteurs