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Himalayan Journal of Education and Literature Indian Linguistic Himalayan Journal of Education and Literature Open Access Review Article Indian Linguistic Tradition: A View from Russian Indology Prof. Dr. Zilola Khudaybergenova University of Bartın Republic of Turkey *Corresponding Author Dr. Zilola Khudaybergenova Abstract: The article is devoted to the issues and the stage of the formation of Russian Indology. The rise of Indology in Russia and St. Petersburg dates back to the first half of the 18th century. In Russia, the study of Indology began with the study of Article History the "Brahmin" language, i.e. Sanskrit. From the first half of the 19th century. the main Received: 10.04.2021 center for the study of Sanskrit becomes the Academy of Sciences. This period is Accepted: 20.04.2021 associated with the name of Acad. O. N. Bötlingka (1815-1904). From the end of the Published: 10.05.2021 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. the study of Sanskrit at the Academy of Sciences was subordinated to the study of Buddhist philosophy and culture. The Citations: article analyzes the direction of work of Russian indologists. Zilola Khudaybergenova. (2021); Indian Linguistic Tradition: A View from Russian Indology . Hmlyan Jr Edu Lte, 2(3) 1-8 Copyright @ 2021: This is an open-access Keywords: Russian Indology, Sanskrit, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Russia, article distributed under the terms of the R.H. Lenz, O. N. Botlingk, S. F. Oldenburg, F. I. Shcherbatsky, A. P. Barannikov, N. Creative Commons Attribution license which D. Mironov, V. S. Vorobyova-Desyatovsky, V.P. Vasiliev, I.P. Minaev. permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non commercial use (NonCommercial, or CC-BY- NC) provided the original author and source are credited. NTRODUCTION castes‟). This word formed the basis of two proper I names - Iran (aryanam 'the country of the Aryans / Linguistics originated in ancient times in connection noble'), which has survived to this day and meant the with the awakening of a special cognitive interest in territory of settlement of the first group of Aryan tribes, language, which was stimulated by the needs of and Aryavarta (Aryavarta 'way, the country of the emerging states and their activities in the spheres of Aryans / noble'), which meant in Vedic mythology and administration and economy, the creation and in real life, the original territory of settlement of another dissemination of writing, the need to teach writing and group of Aryans in India. We know about the Indo- train qualified scribes-administrators, as well as to solve Aryans as the carriers of the Vedic culture (mid-1st a number of applied tasks arising from the activity of millennium BC - mid-1st millennium AD), embodied in interpreting sacred texts and performing religious orally transmitted religious texts - the Vedas (Rig Veda, rituals, experiments in the field of poetics, etc. Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharva -veda) (Аlpatov, V.M. 1999). The distinctive and extremely stable linguistic tradition of the Eastern world originated in ancient India (Barannikov, P. А. 1966, March 3). She, like the MAIN PART Chinese linguistic tradition (but much more intensively) Russian Indology: Formation and Development influenced the formation and development of linguistic The rise of Indology in Russia and St. Petersburg thought in neighboring countries (Berezin, F.M. 1984). dates back to the first half of the 18th century. After the At the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. Indo- founding of the Academy of Sciences, one of its first European tribes of the Aryans, or Aryans (Indo- academicians was T.-Z. Bayer, who came to Russia in Iranians), invade Iran and India from the Northwest. As 1726 (https://dic.academic.ru). Being engaged mainly in a result of the divergence, the Indo-Iranian languages Chinese, Mongolian, Kalmyk, Manchu and Tangut split into two branches - Iranian and Indo-Aryan. The (Tibetan) languages, he was one of the first in Russia to speakers of the languages of the first branch also settle start studying "Brahmin" language, i.e. Sanskrit, under in the territories of modern Afghanistan and Tajikistan. the guidance of the Indian Sonkhbara who came to St. The self-name of the Indo-Iranian tribes, who lived Petersburg. The fruit of these studies was two of his earlier in the northern Black Sea region, and then in works on the literature and grammar of these languages. Asia Minor, is arya (in the original meaning „noble, In the second article, for the first time in Russia, loyal, friendly; representative of one of the three higher samples of the Sanskrit alphabet (Devanagari), printed 1 Zilola Khudaybergenova; Hmlyan Jr Edu Lte; Vol-2, Iss- 3 (May-Jun, 2021): 1-8 from wooden plates, which were made according to the (1840-1890). The latter brought up a wonderful school drawings of Bayer himself, are given, and brief of Russian Indologists, who became the most prominent information about the Dravidian (Tamul, Telugu) and scientists of their time and continued his work. Two of some New Indian languages (Marathi, Gujarati, etc.) is them became academicians - S.F. Oldenburg and given). In the 30s. XVIII century. In addition to Bayer, F.I.Scherbatskaya. D.G. Messerschmidt, who was interested in the Punjabi and Tamil languages, studied the Devanagari alphabet, In addition to northern Buddhism, which S.F. as well as the alphabets of the Dravidian languages. Oldenburg was engaged in all his life, he studied Indian folklore, fairy tales and jatakas, and worked on the The study of Sanskrit in Russia in the initial period publication of Sanskrit texts. S.F. Oldenburg paid depended on the scientific interests of individual special attention to Mahabharata, having completely scientists, who were engaged in it only along the way worked through the entire epic under the leadership of with their main oriental studies. A similar picture was an Indian in London. He was the initiator and observed in the first decades of the existence of the permanent director of the publication of the world Academy of Sciences. Here, first of all, we should famous series "Collection of Original and Advanced mention F. Adelung (1768–1843), an honorary Buddhist Texts" under the general title "The Buddhist academician who tried to give an overview of literature Library", founded by him in 1897(Sergey Fedorovich in Sanskrit (http://funeral-spb.narod.ru). R.H. Lenz Oldenburg - ucheniy i organizator nauki. 2016). (1808-1836) left a noticeable trace in the study of Sanskrit. He was the first to lecture free of charge on At the turn of the XIX and XX centuries. began an Sanskrit literature and comparative linguistics at St. intensive and comprehensive survey of Central Asian Petersburg University. P.Ya. Petrov (1814–1875) was cultures. Centers of Buddhist culture were discovered the direct successor of R.H. Lenz in the study of (SF Oldenburg's expeditions to Turpan [1909–1910] Sanskrit. The result of his studies was the work and Dunhuang [1914–1915]), new documents in "Adding to the catalog of Sanskrit manuscripts kept in Sanskrit and Tibetan languages were discovered, and an the Asian Museum of the St. Petersburg Academy of intensive study of northern Buddhism began. Sciences." This is the path that Acad. F.I.Scherbatskaya (1866- From the first half of the 19th century. the main 1942)(1; 9; 8). The scientific interests of center for the study of Sanskrit becomes the Academy F.I.Scherbatsky were steadily aimed at studying Indian of Sciences. This period is associated with the name of philosophy, more precisely, Buddhist logic, as well as Acad. O. N. Bötlingka (1815-1904) Buddhism itself from Sanskrit and Tibetan sources. Our (http://allpetrischule-spb.org). In 1887 he published the close proximity to the countries of the Buddhist world famous Panini grammar. His merit was the publication and the enormous wealth of the Academy of Sciences in of Wopadeva's grammar, Hemachandra's synonymous the field of Tibetan Buddhist literature also influenced dictionary with a German translation, the Upanishads, his choice. the ancient drama Mrichchakatika ("Clay Cart") in German translation, as well as a Sanskrit anthology. Thus, from the end of the XIX and beginning of the The culmination of O. N. Bötlingka's many years of XX century. the study of Sanskrit at the Academy of activity was the creation of Sanskrit dictionaries Sciences was subordinated to the study of Buddhist published by the Academy of Sciences: complete philosophy and culture. However, along with this, the (1852–1875) and short (1879–1889). These dictionaries philological direction continued to exist. In this respect, marked the era in the study of Sanskrit and became the activities of the third student of I.P. Minaev - prof. widely known all over the world under the name ND Mironov, who for many years dealt with the issues "Petersburg dictionaries". They served as the basis of all of Vedic literature (based on the hymns of the Rig European Indological science for a whole century and Veda) and worked on the description of Sanskrit contributed to the development of comparative- manuscripts, some of which were collected and brought historical linguistics. by the researcher himself. As a result of this work, I.P. Mironov prepared and published two catalogs of these Indological research at the Academy of Sciences manuscripts, which are available both in the St. was carried out in two directions. The first (earlier) was Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of linguistic, which found its expression in the publication the Russian Academy of Sciences and in the State of the above-mentioned Sanskrit dictionaries, Public Library. monuments of Indian grammatical literature and various Sanskrit texts. After the October Revolution, the further development of the traditional sections of Russian The second direction in Indology was Buddhist.
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