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Hymenoptera: Apidae) Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.) International Journal of Entomology ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tase20 Distribution and flower visitation records of bumblebees in Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Mira Boustani , Wael Yammine , Nabil Nemer , Efat Abou Fakhr Hammad , Denis Michez & Pierre Rasmont To cite this article: Mira Boustani , Wael Yammine , Nabil Nemer , Efat Abou Fakhr Hammad , Denis Michez & Pierre Rasmont (2020): Distribution and flower visitation records of bumblebees in Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.), DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2020.1749885 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2020.1749885 View supplementary material Published online: 27 May 2020. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tase20 Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.), 2020 https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2020.1749885 Distribution and flower visitation records of bumblebees in Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Mira Boustania*, Wael Yammineb, Nabil Nemerc, Efat Abou Fakhr Hammadb, Denis Micheza & Pierre Rasmonta aLaboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium; bDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural & Veterinary Sciences, Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Beirut, Lebanon; cDepartment of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, PO Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon (Accepté le 27 mars 2020) Summary. West Palearctic bumblebees are common wildflowers and crop pollinators that are well studied in their central and northern distribution ranges, but fewer information is available on their southern distribution areas. Lebanon falls on the southern limit of their distribution and no published information is available on the local bumblebees. Our study aims to produce a data baseline of the local bumblebee species. In order to do so we grouped available old records of bumblebees in Lebanon with recent author collections and produced preliminary distribution maps. We listed four species: Bombus terrestris, B. argillaceus, B. niveatus vorticosus and B. melanurus. Preliminary distribution shows that Bombus terrestris and B. argillaceus are widespread and have a large foraging range, whereas B. niveatus vorticosus and B. melanurus have a restricted distribution to altitudes above 1800 m with a smaller foraging range. The male cephalic labial gland secretions analysis of local Bombus terrestris specimens provides preliminary evidence that the local subspecies could be Bombus terrestris calabricus. Therefore, we highlight the importance of regulating foreign Bombus terrestris subspecies importation for agriculture purposes, as well as monitoring B. niveatus vorticosus and B. melanurus that are rendered vulnerable by their isolated populations. Résumé. Distribution et enregistrement des visites de fleurs par les bourdons au Liban (Hymenoptera : Apidae). Les bourdons du Paléarctique occidental sont des pollinisateurs communs de fleurs sauvages et de cultures, qui sont bien étudiés dans leurs aires de répartition centrale et septentrionale, mais moins d’informations sont disponibles pour leurs aires de distribution méridionales. Le Liban se trouve à la limite sud de leur répartition et aucune information publiée n’est disponible sur les bourdons locaux. Notre étude vise à produire une base de données sur les espèces locales de bourdons. Pour ce faire, nous avons regroupé les anciens signalements disponibles de bourdons au Liban avec les collections récentes des auteurs, et produit des cartes de distribution préliminaires. Nous avons répertorié quatre espèces : Bombus terrestris, B. argillaceus, B. niveatus vorticosus et B. melanurus. La distribution préliminaire montre que Bombus terrestris et B. argillaceus sont répandus et ont une grande aire de butinage, tandis que B. niveatus vorticosus et B. melanurus ont une distribution restreinte à des altitudes supérieures à 1800 m, avec une aire de butinage plus petite. L’analyse des sécrétions des glandes labiales céphaliques mâles des spécimens locaux de Bombus terrestris fournit une preuve préliminaire que la sous-espèce locale pourrait être B. terrestris calabricus. Par conséquent, nous soulignons l’importance de réglementer l’importation de sous-espèces étrangères de Bombus terrestris à des fins agricoles, ainsi que de surveiller B. niveatus vorticosus et B. melanurus, rendus vulnérables par l’isolement de leurs populations. Keywords: bio diversity; distribution; pollination; faunistics; Palaearctic; Near East documented (Rasmont et al. 2015), but less information Bumblebees (Bombus Latreille, 1802) form a genus of wild bees that includes about 260 species worldwide is available on species found in the south of this region, (Williams 1998; Cameron & Sadd 2020). They are polli- including Lebanon. The topography of this country pre- nators of many wild plants and cultivated crops (Mänd et sents several mountainous areas that are potentially al. 2002;Goulson2010; Ballantyne et al. 2015). Well favorable to bumblebees (Özbek 2002; Rasmont & adapted to colder regions, they are found all over Europe Iserbyt 2010-2014; Saini et al. 2012). However, the and Asia to the Arctic. They are also present throughout Lebanese wild bee fauna remains poorly documented. the Americas but are absent from Africa south of the The main references are from Mavromoustakis (1955, Sahara and from Oceania (Williams 1998; Hines 2008; 1956, 1962) that produced an inventory of wild bees Rasmont & Iserbyt 2010-2014), except New Zealand and belonging mainly to the tribes Anthidiini and Osminii Tasmania where they have been imported for pollination based on his own collection trips, as well as describing (Goulson & Hanley 2004). The West Palearctic distribu- several new species. His findings were included in the tion and status of bumblebees are relatively well review compiled by Grace (2010). Aside from these *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] © 2020 Société entomologique de France Published online 27 May 2020 2 M. Boustani et al. records, to our knowledge there have been no documen- Subspecies identification of Bombus terrestris samples ted findings. On the other hand, records from neighboring The diagnostic character of cephalic labial gland secretions countries report 45 species from Turkey (Rasmont et al. (CLGS) is often used as a tool to delimitate bumblebee species 2009), two from Syria (Solaiman-Khaled et al. 2012)and (e.g. Lecocq et al. 2015b; Martinet et al. 2018) and has also been used to differentiate subspecies in Bombus terrestris Israel (Rasmont & Iserbyt 2010-2014). (Lecocq et al. 2016). We cross-checked the morphological sub- In order to fill this gap of information on the presence species identifications of B. terrestris with a quantitative GC- and diversity of Lebanese bumblebees, our objectives for FID analysis of CLGS according the protocol established by fi this paper are to present our observations from several Demeulemeester et al. (2011) using ve Lebanese specimens collected as follows: 1 male from Tannourine Reserve Gate habitats across Lebanon, and secondly to assemble Area (34°12ʹ27.9ʺN 35°55ʹ56.9ʺE, 1796 m) and 4 males from unpublished records and museum collection specimens Tannourine Reserve Trail 4 (35°55ʹ56.9ʺN 35°55ʹ56.0ʺE, in order to produce a biogeographic data baseline. 1781 m). All details of the methodology are presented in sup- porting information (Appendix S1). We assessed CLGS differ- entiations of the 5 Lebanese specimens to the 9 Sicilian Bombus terrestris calabricus of the same cluster using a multiple Materials and methods response permutation procedure (MRPP) (R-package vegan, Study area Oksanen et al. 2011). Our collections were carried out in the governorates of North Lebanon, Mount Lebanon and Beqaa. Following the vegetation levels fi fi classi cation of Abi-Saleh & Sa (1988), the collection areas fall into Results the Eumediterranean (500–1000 m), Supramediterranean (1000– 1500 m), Montane Mediterranean (1500–2000 m) and A total of 269 specimens and field observations were Oromediterranean (>2000 m) on the western slopes of Mount assembled from the following sources: 11 from Base de Lebanon (Typical Mediterranean); and into the Mediterranean données Gembloux et Mons, 12 from AUB, and 7 from – – (1000 1500 m), Supramediterranean (1400 1800 m), Montane USEK collections, 116 from the Mira Boustani collection, Mediterranean (1800–2400 m) and Oromediterranean (>2400 m) on the Eastern slopes (Presteppic Mediterranean). It has to be noted 83 from the Pierre Rasmont collection, and 39 from the when validating old data that the Lebanese border has undergone Wael Yammine individual collections. Details of the spe- changes from Ottoman Empire, the French mandate and indepen- cimens examined from the AUB and USEK collections dence (Barnett et al. 2019). In this paper, we only consider the present are listed in Table 1. Lebanese borders (from 1943). Four species of Bombus were identified: B. niveatus vorticosus (Kriechbaumer, 1870) (55 specimens, Figure 1a), B. terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) (164 specimens, Figure 1b), B. New specimen collection protocols argillaceus (Scopoli, 1763) (28 specimens, Figure 1c)andB. Collections were carried out individually by M. Boustani, W. Yammine and P. Rasmont between April 2016 and September melanurus (Lepeletier,
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