KINGDOM OF MOROCCO NATIONAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
CALL FOR EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
MARINE AQUACULTURE PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT IN THE AREA OF TANGIER-TETOUAN-AL HOCEIMA
(Downloadable document on: http://www.anda.gov.ma)
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SUMMARY
Part 1 : Selection rules Purpose of this Call for Expression of Interest 4 Definitions 4 Process and Selection Procedure 5 Deadline 5 CEI submitting rules amendment 5 Submission Rules 5 Evaluation of bids 10 Request for Clarification 12 Appendices 13 Part 2: Briefing note 24
General background 24 Technical data 33
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PART 1 - SELECTION RULES –
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1. Purpose of this Call for Expression of Interest The purpose of this Call for Expression of Interest (CEI) is the development of aquaculture projects in the area of Tangier Tétouan Al Hoceima. This call for expressions of interest will help to select the best aquaculture projects that can benefit from maritime areas for the creation and operation of aquaculture farms. The proposed production units, of the order of 18 are divided as follows:
. 14 production units, of 25 ha each, for fish farming. . 4 production units of 15 ha each for shellfish farming.
The geographic location of these production units is detailed in Annex 1
Situation of the zone favorable to the development of aquaculture
Important:
Shellfish production units require sanitary ranking before marketing of any product. This operation will be assumed by competent public administration.
Selected applicants of exploitation of production units are required to identify, if needed, inland areas sheltering other projects components (storage, processing ...) and obtain all necessary licenses.
2. Definitions Finfish farming refers to farming of finfish varieties in partially or completely enclosed areas or in the open sea according to species of interest and breeding technique (ponds in concrete or plastic, fish-traps or giant floating cages, etc.).
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Shellfish farming refers to cultivation of shellfish. The most common shellfish species farmed are, for example: - Oysters - Mussels - Clams - Cockles - Abalone. Seaweed farming is a term used for cultivation of seaweed for industrial or food consumption purposes. 3. Process and Selection Procedure The selection process will take place in a single phase where all projects submitted will be assessed according to a set of allocation criteria defined below in accordance with fixing terms and conditions of aquaculture operations (appendix 2).
Selected applicants will then be required to fulfill licensing and administrative procedure required prior to beginning operations.
4. Deadline All applications must be submitted within three (3) months starting from the launching date of CEI. If the deadline changes, ANDA will publish this information on its website. Once the deadline expired, a selection committee will review all submissions. Then, all selected candidates will be notified two (02) months, as a maximum, after the deadline expiration. If the deadline changes, ANDA will publish this information on its website. The Table below summarizes the main stages of this call of expression of interest (CEI):
Key dates Launch of the CEI 18/07/2017
Deadline for submission 18/10/2017
Deadline for selection of applicant 18/12/2017
5. CEI submitting rules amendment When necessary, ANDA may apply some modifications on the present CEI documents without altering in any case its object. These modifications will be communicated to all bidders in a reasonable time.
6. Submission Rules 6-1 Bidders quality Bids for the present CEI are accepted from natural or legal persons of Moroccan and/or foreigners: - Singly ; - As a group ; - As a cooperative. -
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The following are not acceptable as bidders to this Expression of Interest: - Natural persons in compulsory liquidation ; - Corporate bodies in receivership, unless specifically authorized by a competent legal authority. - People under receivership, unless special authorization issued by the competent judicial authority.
6-2 Constitution of a consortium and the creation of a company dedicated to the project
Members of same group shall be jointly and severally liable and must name a sole agent to represent their group during all steps of this call of expression of interest. Natural persons and groups accepted following this selection procedure should form a company under Moroccan law for the purpose of completing the project. It is understood that these persons and companies forming the group must hold the majority of shares in the newly constituted company. Selected foreigners companies should form a company under Moroccan law for the purpose of completing their project.
6-3 Composition of tender documents
Bidders are requested to comply with the criteria of this Call for Expression of Interest by means of a selection dossier.
Bidders submitting an incomplete selection dossier will have their application rejected. An ‘Incomplete selection dossier’ refers to a submission lacking one of the two (2) mains components of a selection dossier as defined below:
- Part 1: Administrative dossier
- Part 2: Technical dossier.
The participation application and the bidder’s presentation must comply with the prescribed formats in the Appendices. Part 2 must be prepared directly by the bidder (no prescribed format). The bidder may supply any other documents he considers useful for the completion of the information required for the selection dossier.
Part 1 - Administrative dossier
This dossier must include:
i- Application form (Appendix 3)
It’s a letter formalizing the bidder’s application for participation in the Call for Expression of Interest. The application must be accompanied by documents proving the powers granted:
- To the person acting in the name of the bidder in the case of a single company or in the case of a cooperative; - To each person acting the name of companies submitting as part of a group.
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In the case of a group, the application to participate should be signed either jointly by all members of the group or by its sole agent acting in the name of companies of the group.
ii-Legal existence Including :
For companies: - Copy of founding document (business status); - Legalised copy of company’s publication in a legal newspaper announcement ; - Copy of the statement of incorporation to the Company Registry (dated less than 03 months) ; - Legal representative justification documents.
Bidders not operating in Morocco must furnish the equivalent of all documents mentioned above issued by relevant authorities or organizations in their country of origin. All documents must be translated to French or Arabic by a sworn translator.
For cooperatives: - Legalised copy of the minutes of the constitutive assembly of the cooperative and the last general assembly; - Legalised copy of cooperative’s publication in a legal newspaper announcement ; - Legalised copy of the cooperative status; - Legalised copy of board members list.
For natural persons:
- Legalized copy of National Identity Card (C.I.N), of residence card or passports for foreigners; - Sworn statement (see specimen in Appendix 4).
For groups:
- Copy of the agreement or contract binding the members of the group, specifying details of the contribution of each partner ; - For each company in the group, the same documents as needed for companies above, - Delegation of the powers authority signed by each authorised sole agent according to the model in Appendix.
iii- Selection Rules document
Bidders have to submit Selection rules document and Bill of specifications initialized in every page and signed on the last page.
It should be mentioned here that bidders submitting an incomplete administrative dossier will be asked by the dossier examining committee to produce the missing documents within 10 working days. Beyond this deadline, the non-presentation of the aforesaid documents will be considered a reason for rejecting their application.
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Part 2 - Technical dossier
i- General presentation of the bidder
For legal person:
The objective of this part is to present general characteristics of the bidder, i.e.: (a) size of the company (staff and turnover), (b) activity and organizational structure of the company (c) any relevant experience in its branch of activity (d) its marketing network (e) financial position (situation with commitments, balance sheet, income statements, auditor’s statement, comfort letter), where appropriate.
The bidder should add a note to his form giving other information about any documents attesting to his activity (catalogues, brochures, CDs, etc.).
The bidder must prove its project financing capacity by submitting supporting documents, including proof of financial capacity. Where the bidder is a group, this part must be written by each of the natural persons or corporate bodies composing it. For natural persons: It is about presenting the general information of the bider: . His references in the field of aquaculture and / or in sectors related to the fisheries sector . Financial situation: the bider must demonstrate his ability to finance the project by submitting supporting documents, in particular a certificate of financial capacity in accordance with the model in apendix 6. ii- Description of the Target Project Objective of this part is to describe the bidder’s target project as described below: a- Choice of Space
Given size of areas identified by aquaculture development plan and their vocations, bidders are invited to present for their projects at least three proposals of farms sites using identifiers of production units presented in the tables (1,2) and specifying their order of priority in the “Application form in the call for expression of interest for development of marine aquaculture project in in the area of Tangier-Tétouan-Al Hoceima (see Appendix 1).
b- Technical Plan Farming
- Definition of species to be farmed ; - Exhaustive description of farming techniques to be used ; - Size and configuration of the project; - Description of the planned production schedule integrating: expected yield, space and time required for the installations offshore and the dates of production.
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Human resources For legal person:
- Details of staff required to create and operate the project (level of education and training, origin, Resumes). For natural persons: - Aquaculture training certificate or previous professional experience certificate in this field.
Project component’s on land
- Identification of the land (site plan, land status) to be reserved for aquaculture farm upstream and downstream component’s (purification station for shellfish, units for packaging and valorisation of products).
c- Economic plan
Business plan over 5 years containing following non-exhaustive list:
- Breakdown of total investment: development, acquisition of various equipment, construction of the premises and need of working capital; - Projected production cost of different species produced by the project depending on the size and form of marketing. - Projecting sales and identifying potential markets for commercialization of production; - Provisional operating budget over a period of 5 years; - Project implementation Schedule.
d- Environmental plan
The bidder must submit a note that brings out expected impacts of the project will have on the environment (landscape, natural environment, water, air, soil, water, fauna, flora ) and on society and mitigation measures it intends to implement.
6-4 Submission of the selection record Confidentiality clause
ANDA promises not to divulge any information it may acquire from the selection dossier. Although, if the project is selected a copy of selection dossier will be transmitted to all concerned administrations by this project.
Submission language
The selection dossier must be submitted in French or Arabic languages.
Submission Format
The selection dossier must be a fully-printed document. Any document in manuscript will be rejected.
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Submission of Selection Record
The selection dossier must be placed in a sealed and signed envelope. On this envelope must be marked ‘Selection dossier for Expression Call of Interest for the Development of Aquaculture in in the area of Tangier-Tétouan-Al Hoceima.
The selection record is placed in a signed and sealed envelope marked "participation kit to the Call for Expression of Interest for the development of marine aquaculture in the area of Tangier-Tétouan-Al Hoceima.
It must be deposited against receipt in seven (07) printed copies and in one electronic form, no later than three months after the launch of the CEI.
Agence Nationale Pour le développement de l’Aquaculture 4ème étage du bâtiment "les patios" sis à l’intersection de l’Avenue ANNAKHIL et Avenue MEHDI BEN BARKA -HAY RIAD- RABAT Tél : (+212) +212 538 099 700– Fax : +212 538 099 770
7- Evaluation of bids 7-1. Method of evaluating bidders
Bidders will be evaluated on quality and coherence of proposed project. 7-2 Grading of bids
Based on detailed criteria below, selection dossiers will be graded over 100 points. Criteria and marks described below:
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Criteria Score max Sub-criteria Score max
Farming techniques description 6
Size and configuration of the project compatible with production objectives and 7
Technical mastery 25 zootechnical standards Planned production schedule 4 Qualified staff: education and training, 4 experience) Degree of project integration 4 Investment and operating expenses 5 Forecasted financials/Profit and loss account 5 Economic viability 25 Project profitability 10 Commercial outlet 5 Socio-economic impact 5 Project impact 10 Environmental impact 5
Financial capacity 30 Capacity of bidder 40 Technical competence and experience 10
7-3 Description of grading criteria i- Technical mastery Would be most appreciated projects:
- Proposing detailed technical design ; - Considering to use modern farming structures and adapted to area environment; - Presenting mastery of production plan; - Having Size and configuration of different parts of the project compatible with production objectives and zootechnical standards; - Proposing to hire qualified staff: level of training and accumulated experience in the field of aquaculture would be of major assistance to the success of the project. Therefore, a team with successful experience in this field would receive a higher grade. - Considering setting up upstream and downstream structures (shellfish purification unit; product packaging unit). Project involving mutual components with others projects will be favored, in order to optimize space and add-value tools; an integrated approach is a guarantee that the project will be successful and gives it a positive impact as well. ii- Economic viability
Would be most appreciated projects:
- Having detailed economic analysis ;
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- Having detailed list of investment and operating expenses, which should be compatible with technical design; - Presenting forecasted financials and profit and loss account; - Presenting cost-effectiveness analysis (business-case) argued with pertinent indicators; - Mastering trade opportunities.
iii- Project impacts Projects will be assessed through:
- Socio-economic impact: jobs created and economic benefits in the region; - Environmental impact: analysis of positive and negative expected impacts of project will have on environment and society, as well as foreseen mitigation measures. Will be fostered projects that respect environment and create highly positive socio-economic impact.
iv- Capacity of bidders
Bidders will be assessed through:
- Direct and indirect references: will be more appreciated candidates with experiences in aquaculture or in productive sectors.
- Financial capacity: It will be assess financial capacity to fund project through examination of financial proofs, business plan and funding plan.
8- Request for Clarification
Clarifications concerning selection procedure may be requested in writing to:
ANDA Investors Support Department Mail Address: [email protected]
Modifications, additions or clarifications which may be made to the selection procedure will be notified in writing to all candidates who have downloaded the Call for expression of interest.
Signature of applicant (s)
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- APPENDICES -
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Appendix 1
Map of the location of the area of the CEI
Table 1 Geographical coordinates of production units in the region of Tanger-Tétouan-Al Hoceima
Concession X (centre) Y (centre) Farming Surface (ha)
C3 538408,6571 530338,9937 shellfish 15
C6 551007,397 520458,1632 shellfish 15
C9 596904,8663 508563,0197 shellfish 15
C10 597587,4926 508880,5203 shellfish 15
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Table 2 Geographical coordinates of production units in the region of Tanger-Tétouan-Al Hoceima
Concession X (centre) Y (centre) Farming Surface (ha)
P1 543860,431 525285,757 Fish 25
P2 545146,889 524575,372 Fish 25
P3 546452,972 523819,116 Fish 25
P4 547768,302 523075,597 Fish 25
P5 557999,651 516370,509 Fish 25
P6 559302,571 515743,753 Fish 25
P7 560577,926 515107,061 Fish 25
P8 561834,755 514469,914 Fish 25
P9 570259,304 511829,894 Fish 25
P10 571699,593 511660,305 Fish 25
P11 573195,454 511492,024 Fish 25
P12 574607,97 511321,75 Fish 25
P13 591906,33 507954,045 Fish 25
P14 593330,338 507691,216 Fish 25
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Appendix 2 BILL OF SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CALL FOR EXPRESSION OF INTEREST N° CEI-I/TANGIER-TETOUAN-AL HOCEIMA 18/07/ 17 CONCERNING EXPLOITATION OF PRODUCTION UNIT(S) N°………
Whereas under the terms of procedure of the Call for Expression of Interest (CEI) n° N° CEI-I/ TANGIER-TETOUAN-AL HOCEIMA 18/07/17, opportunity is offered to private sector, both domestic and foreign, to invest in aquaculture projects in the area of from TANGIER-TETOUAN-AL HOCEIMA through exploitation of 18 productions units intended for the cultivation of shellfish, finfish.
Article 1: Object of bill of specification These specifications sets the conditions for issuance of offshore production units, subject of geographic coordinates described in the CEI, located in in the area of Tanger-Tetouan-Al hoceima. Article 2: Obligations of assignee The assignee hereby declares under these specifications have known location of his project and agrees to:
. Confirm and bear at his charge the technical and economic feasibility of its project with the production (s) unit (s) selected; . Undertake the administrative steps necessary to carry out the project submitted under this Call for Expression of Interest, upon notification of his selection; . Carry out the project in accordance with the technical dossier submitted under the Call for Expression of Interest ; . Exploit by himself the production unit (s) subject of this Call for expressions of interest in accordance with the convention of creation and operation of aquaculture farms under current regulations; . Respect the regulations in force.
It is understood that the beneficiary may, under penalty of cancellation, transfer, partially or fully, the agreement issued by the administration regarding the allocation of the production unit (s) in question. Article 3: Agreement in principle On conclusion of selection process of the Call for Expression of Interest, an agreement in principle will be delivered to the assignee so that the necessary administrative procedures can begin with the appropriate authorities for carrying out his project.
It remains understood that the agreement in principle may in no way be construed as an agreement to set-up the project in the selected production units.
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Article 4: Permitting to operate aquaculture farm Following administrative procedures required by the legislation in force, Marine Fisheries Department issues the operating license of the production units subject of the CEI on a 10-year renewable term and in accordance with Decree No. 2-08-562 of 13th of Hija 1429 (December 12th 2008) laying down the conditions and modalities of issue and renewal of authorizations for establishment of aquaculture farm. In addition to the maritime areas, the Department, in accordance with its missions, issues other authorizations necessary for the implementation of the project. Article 5: Assignee failures In case of failure of the assignee from its obligations under Article 2 of these specifications or in case of pronouncement of redress or judicial liquidation, it will be proceeded with full right to the cancellation of the agreement in principle for award of the production units. Article 6: Dispute resolution Any dispute arising from the interpretation and execution of these specifications could be resolved by an arbitrator appointed by the Department of Marine Fisheries and acting amicably as conciliator. The parties would thus be bound by these conclusions.
Done in …………….., on……………………….....
The Assignee "Read and approved" Authenticated signature
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Appendix 3
Application to participate in the call for expressions of interest for development of marine aquaculture project in the area of Tangier-Tétouan-Al Hoceima
1- Date of deposit and reference of the CEI participation application
Date¹
Reference¹
(1) Reserved to Administration.
2- Identity of applicant
1-a Natural person
Name First name ID number Adress
1-b Corporate body
Corporate name: Type of company: :
Company address:
3- Site chosen for the aquaculture farm:
Chosen zones :
Zone 1
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Production unit(s) identifier(s):
Preference rank ² Production unit(s) identifier(s): Observations (opitional) ³
1
2
3
(2) : Rank requested production unit(s) by preference rank. (3) : Example : explain raison of preference.
4- Marine species to be farmed
Common name Scientific name Origin
I swear that:
. The information given in the selection dossier of the Call for expression of interest is accurate.
. I am neither in compulsory liquidation nor in receivership.
I certify on my honor the accuracy of the above information
Date: Signature of applicant
(Legalized)
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appendix 4
Sworn statement (natural persons)
I, the undersigned :……………………………………………………………….(first name, surname, nationality, Moroccan ID card number, residence card number, passport number, etc.), acting in my own name and on my own behalf,
Address of chosen domicile :………………………………………………………………………………………………………(1) CNSS membership n°………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..(1) Company registry (City) :………………………….… n°………………………………………………..………………………(1) Patente (trading licence) N° …………………………………...…………………………………………………………………(1) Fiscalidentification no. ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..(1)
Hereby swear that :
I have not in litigation with the Moroccan state, particularly concerning rental of state- or community-owned property ; I promise to take out insurance to cover risks arising from my professional conduct. I promise when selected to form myself into a company under Moroccan law in accordance with the prescriptions of this Call for Expression of Interest. I certify the accuracy of the information contained in this sworn statement. I acknowledge having noted the penalties applicable under Article 27 of decree n° 2-98- 482 for an inaccurate sworn statement.
Signed at …………………. on ………………….
Signature of the candidate
(legalized)
(1) These items are not applicable to candidates who are not merchants.
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Appendix 5
Group proxy statement
We, the undersigned,
Mr…………………….……………..(surname and first name, nationality, CIN (Moroccan ID) number, residence card number, passport number ….………………….………………………………………..………. Acting as ………………..………………………….………………………………………………………………. On behalf of the company (A)……………………...…(Legal name) capitalized at ……………..…………….Dh Company name…………………………………………………………………………………………………… Company registry number ………………………………………………………………………………………… Head office …………………………………………………………………….………………………………..
Mr…………….……………..…..(surname and first name, nationality, CIN (Moroccan ID) number, residence card number, passport number ….…………………………………………………………..………. Acting as ………………..………………………….……………………………………………………………. On behalf of the company (A)……………….…(Legal name) capitalized at ……………………….Dh Company name………………………………………………………………………………………………… Company registry number ……………………………………………………………………………………… Head office …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Mr…………….……………..(surname and first name, nationality, CIN (Moroccan ID) number, residence card number, passport number ….………………………………………………………..………. Acting as ………………..………………………….……………………………………………………………. On behalf of the company (A)……………….…(Legal name) capitalized at….. ..……………….Dh Company name………………………………………………………………………………………………… Company registry number ……………………………………………………………………………………… Head office …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
By virtue of the powers conferred on us jointly to participate in this Call for Expression of Interest,
Hereby appoint as our representative with ANDA Mr. ……………………….
Signed at …………………………., on…………………………………
Signatures and company seals
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Appendix 6 Financial Capacity certification
Certification n°:…………….
We, the undersigned, [Complete references of the financial institution] Validly represented by:
………………………….....… in virtue of the powers conferred on him / them by……………………......
We hereby certify that: [Full references of the bidder] represented by …………………… as a
…………………………………….……
Presents, after reviewing its offer and in view of its relationship with our institution, a Sufficient financial
capacity to carry out an aquaculture project with a total area of…………….. located at …………….. subject of
this call for expressions of interest n° CEI-I/TANGIER_TETOUAN-AL HOCEIMA 18/ 07/2017 marine
aquaculture projects development in the region of Tangier –Tétouan-Al Hoceima launched by National
Aquaculture Development Agency. This certification is being issued upon the request of the above-named,
exclusively for the purposes of submission to the above-mentioned call for expressions of interest.
Signed at …………………………., on…………………………………
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PART2 - BRIEFING NOTE –
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BRIEFING NOTE
I. GENERAL BACKGROUND
The Kingdom of Morocco, with a coastline of 3,500 km, including 500 km on the Mediterranean coast and The Kingdom of Morocco, with a coastline of 3,500 km, including 500 km on the Mediterranean coast and 3000 km on the Atlantic coast, has a long tradition of fishing. Indeed, fishing volumes in Morocco have placed it among the first producing countries in the world with more than one million four hundred thousand tons of production per year, and more than 100,000 direct jobs. Conversely, the aquaculture sector is very weekly developped; The volume of marine aquaculture production does not exceed 500 tons annually, which is lower than 0.01% of the total volume of the national fishery production. In addition, following the launch of the development strategy of the maritime fisheries sector "Halieutis Plan" in 2009, our country has endeavoured to give new dynamism to the fisheries sector, including aquaculture. Indeed, the Halieutis strategy has made of marine aquaculture a major driver of growth for the national marine fisheries sector. Placed under the sustainability aspect of the Halieutis strategy, aquaculture is required to contribute to the sustainability of fisheries resources for the future generations, thus, shall have significant importance for food security. This determination to bolster and revitalize the sustainable development of aquaculture was institutionalized through the establishment of the National Agency for Aquaculture Development (ANDA) in February 2011, having as its main mission the promotion and development of marine aquaculture sector in Morocco. In order to propose aquaculture investment projects and ensure a harmonious planning with the other existing coastal activities, ANDA has drawn up and launched the implementation of development plans for the identified aquaculture areas. The national development plans of marine aquaculture represent the cornerstone of the sustainable development strategy for aquaculture on the national level. They have been drawn up using a practical approach based on concertation between the various partners, integration of environmental, legal and socio-economic considerations and harmonization with sectoral development plans. Thus, several regions have been identified as potential sites for aquaculture projects, notably the Tangier- Tetouan-Al Hoceima region. Indeed, this region has important assets and potentialities to promote considerable economic development in several sectors. Within this framework, ANDA has drawn up the aquaculture management and development plan within this region in order to insure:
- Integrated planning of aquaculture in the coastal areas;
- Harmonious development of aquaculture activities, taking into consideration the local capacities and specifities;
- Accountable management of resources;
- Larger contribution of the aquaculture sector into the economy of the region.
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II. THE SCOPE OF THE AQUACULTURE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN THE REGION OF TANGIER-TETOUAN-AL HOCEIMA
The study area (the region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima) consists of the former Tangier-Tetouan region and the province of Al Hoceima of the former Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate region. It is located at the northern-western point of Morocco, in the Rif mountain chain. It is flanked to the south by the regions of Rabat-Salé-Kénitra and Fès-Meknes, and to the east by the oriental region. The region of Tangier-Tétouan-Al Hoceima runs over an area of 17,262 km2, which represents 2.42% of the national territory. Its population is estimated at 3,557,000 inhabitants (RGPH2 2014), with a density of 206 inhabitants per km2. Enjoying a geostrategic position on two maritime coasts, as well as the presence of significant reliefs and medium altitudes, the biogeographical context makes the region a very diversified microclimate area. The region has two prefectures, Tangier-Assilah and M'Diq-Fnideq, and six provinces; namely, Al Hoceima, Chefchaouen, Fahs-Anjra, Larache, Ouezzane and Tetouan. The capital of the region is the prefecture of Tangier-Assilah.
Provinces and Prefectures of the region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
The region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima is considered par excellence an economic growth site and has a number of advantages for investment: . A privileged geostrategic position; . Reception facilities and quality infrastructure; . Significant human and economic potential; . Adapted land offer; . Pleasant living environment. The area which is subject to this call for expressions of interest is located on the Mediterranean coastal strip and covers around 120 km from the rural commune of Tizgane (Cap Targha) in the west to the Commune Ait Youssef Ou Ali in the east of Al Hoceima. It is subdivided into two provinces; Chefchaouen and Al Hoceima.
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Boundaries of the study area
III. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE REGION
The region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima has witnessed very important dynamism as illustrated by the increase of the various productive sectors. Each locality in this region is characterized by a distinct economy.
Indeed, the Prefecture of Tangier-Assilah is rather distinguished by industry and tourism, while the Province of Tetouan has always experienced a strong commercial and tourist activity. Chefchaouen, in its turn, is known for handicrafts. As to Al Hoceima, Fisheries have always played an important role and offered considerable investment opportunities in the sectors of aquaculture and processing industry. 1. Agriculture
The agricultural sector is the main source of strength for the national economy, as well as for the region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima. Indeed, this region holds 11% of the country’s Utilised Agricultural Land (UAL), which places it third on the national level in the view of the importance of this area. The UAL of this region represents 57% of the total regional area (976,186 hectares).
2. Livestock
The region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima is known for its breeding vocation. In irrigated areas, livestock has experienced considerable growth as a result of an important forage production, of stubbles in the irrigated areas, of the importation of pure breeds for milk production, and of the processes of improvement of local breeds through hybridization. The total number of all species combined in 2012 is 2,223 thousand heads, which represents 8% of the total national livestock.
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3. Maritime Fisheries
The maritime facade of the region gives it a favorable geographical location for the expansion of the maritime fishing sector. This sector constitues a significant additional activity (2% of the GDP), thanks to its contribution to the mobilization of a large labor force mainly in the rural coastal communes where agriculture is not a Flourishing sector.
Fishing ports, fishermen towns (FMT) and developed landing facilities (DLS) Within the area of the call for expression of interest (AMI)
The fishing sector provides about 16,100 jobs in the Region, mainly in the ports of Tangier, M'diq and Larache as shown in the table below.
Products of coastal and artisanal fisheries marketed by port in the region for the year 2016
Port Weight(T) Value (Kdh) Al Hoceima 4 576 86 894 Chmaala 197 4 460 Inouaren 24 1 288 Cala Iris 730 10 599 Jebha 2 165 14 336 Amtar 34 1 184 Targha 85 1 768 M’diq 3 627 73 723 Martil 159 7 190 Oued Laou 228 5 553 Belyounech 4 291 Kaa Asras 367 5 477 Fnideq 78 3 756 Ksar Sghir 117 5 726 Tangier 10 084 222 942 Asilah 105 7 701 Larache 10 196 178 055
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Landings in this region are dominated by pelagics, with a production of 22,772 tons in 2016, accounting for 229,453 Kdh. Industrial fish (sardine, mackerel, anchovies, etc.) predominates the catches (over 60% of the total pelagic catches). 4. Industry
The industrial sector plays a very important role in the economic and the social development of the Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region. It occupies the second position in the economy of the region according to its contribution to the GDP (31% in 2013). It mainly concerns the processing industries, in particular food industry, chemical and para-chemical industries. Although industry is mainly urban in Morocco, it is mainly located in Tangier, with an important contribution; benefiting from 25% of investments and securing 20% of the regional jobs. This finds its explanation in the restructuring of industry and the increase in productivity, which has led to an increase in production and exports. Thanks to its infrastructure (the port of Tanger Med, the high-speed railway project between Tangier and Casablanca, the international airport which is connected to several international hubs, Morocco's main wind energy production platform), this Region is the second largest industrial center in Morocco, with the establishment of the first and largest automotive assembly site (Renault Tanger Med), the development of free zones (industrial and logistics), the development of heavy industry and the presence of two cement plants. With 878 units, the region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima secures up to 7% of the industrial exports and 25% of investments. These industries grant to it the second Moroccan industrial position. The production value reached in 2011 around 27 billion dhs, for a permanent workforce of 110,161 people
Industrial reception area
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5. Activities of the Tertiary Sector The tertiary sector in the region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, composed of trade and services (administrations, businesses, crafts, transport and communications), absorbs a significant number of labor force, characterizing the sector’s activities with different qualification levels. - Crafts The craft sector is closely linked to the tourism sector. It is one of the main activities of the regional economy,
- Business Trade is one of the main activities of the region’s economy. Indeed, it constitutes a considerable source of income to the population in this region. Modern commerce, such as galleries or shopping centers, has been established in large urban centers, particularly in Tangiers and Tetouan.
- Tourism Tourism is one of the key sectors contributing to the economic development of the Region. This is due to its privileged geographical location, its natural and landscape assets, and its proximity to Europe. During the past few years, this sector has witnessed a significant improvement in the number of overnight stays and accommodation facilities. Concerning the demand for tourism, the region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima represents the fourth largest destination in Morocco. IV. EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES IN THE AREA SUBJECT TO STUDY 1- Road network
The region has a highly satisfactory road network compared to other parts of the national territory with a 2744.9 Km linear distributed as follows:
- National roads: 956.10 Km. - Regional roads: 391.20 Km - Provincial roads: 1397.60Km.
2- Highway network
Highways constitue 6% of the regional road network. The accomplishment of the Mediterranean bypass (Tangier -Sâaidia), of Tetouan - F’nideq highway, and dualling of Tangier-Tetouan and Tetouan-F’nideq roads, have ensured better connections with intra and extra-region. The region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima benefits from a highway infrastructure composed of three main roads: Rabat-Tangier, Tangier- Port Tangier Med and the most recent one of Tetouan-Fnideq. 3- Railway network
The infrastructure of the region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima includes a modern railway network supplied with 9 railway stations.
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The length of its railway line is 112 Km, including 56 Km running through the Prefecture of Tangier-Assilah, 44 Km through the Province of Larache, and 12 Km through the Province of Fahs Anjra.
That plus the high speed train project (TGV) which is in line with the ongoing development of the Moroccan railway network, and represents the most efficient transportation mode for persons in medium and long distances.
Carte : Main basic infrastructures 4- Airport facilities
Regarding air service, the Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region is connected to the national and international network by two airports (Ibn Battouta in Tangier, Saniat R'mel in Tetouan and Al Charif Al Idrissi in Al Hoceima).
- Ibn Battouta airport in Tangier is an international airport located in Boukhalef, 10 km south of Tangier. This airport is ranked the fourth national airport in the Kingdom after those of Mohamed V in Casablanca, Al Menara in Marrakech and that of Al Massira in Agadir. - Tétouan- Sania R'mel airport is an international airport located in Martil, 6 km north of Tetouan, representing an area of 3.000 m2. - Al Hoceima Al Charif Al Idrissi airport, is an international airport situated near Al Hoceima in northern Morocco, occupying an area of 1.350 m2.
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5- Port facilities The region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima benefits from a double maritime facade overlooking the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, with a length of 447 km. In terms of maritime transportation, it has eleven ports (Tangier Mediterranean, Tangier City, Port of Al Hoceima Marina Smir, Larache, M'diq, Port of Assilah, Kabila, Ksar Sghir, Jebha.Cala Iris), among which three are used for the transportation of goods and passengers (two in Tangier and one in Al Hoceima).
The main ports in the region are:
- Tangier- Mediterranean Port, the new mediterranean strategic hub: It is one of the largest in the Mediterranean with a gigantic logistics platform (roads, motorways, railways) Port Tanger Med is situated in Ksar Al Majaz in northern Morocco, 22 km east of Tangier and 46 km north of Tetouan, on the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean. It is located just 14 km from the Spanish coast, on the East-West passage for world maritime trade between East Asia, Europe and North America; The Port is situated on the second busiest seaway in the world, the Strait of Gibraltar with more than 100,000 boats per year. Its main activity is the transhipment of containers;
- Tangier city Port is located at the entrance of the Strait of Gibraltar, on the west side of the roadstead of Tangier, facing the North-West. Being placed in the city of Tangier, the port of Tangier is situated at the crossroads of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.. and for a long time, this exceptional and strategic position made of the port of Tangier the first Moroccan port for passengers traffic and TIR;
- The Fishing and Recreational Harbour of M’diq is located 25 km far from Sebta and 13 km from the city of Tetouan. It is the driver of the economic and social activity of the city;
- Al Hoceima Port is situated on the Mediterranean coast about 150 km west of Nador. It is located at the western end of Al-Hoceima Bay and represents the only opening on the Mediterranean for the Centeral North region;
- Cala Iris Port is located 57 km west of the city of Al-Hoceima and 3 km west of Torres d'Al Kalaa.
- Chmaâla Port is located on the Mediterranean coast of the province of Chefchaouen, about 50 km south-east of Tetouan. This port, considered as a fishing village, was built to improve the living standards and working conditions of fishermen;
- Jebha Fishing Port is located 136 km from Tetouan. It is accessible from the Mediterranean bypass (entrance 1) connecting Tetouan to Al Houceima. Its main vocation is fishing.
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V- CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFYING SITES FOR THE AQUACULTURE ACTIVITY
The criteria used in indepth analysis for the selection of favorable sites for aquaculture are as follows: Physical factors, referring to the natural environment, excluding living creatures; - Physicochemical parameters: temperature and salinity; - Coastal topography and geomorphology; - Bathymetry; - Substrate; - Winds and waves; - Currents and tidal ranges; - Hydrodynamism within bays; - Suspended matters. Biological factors, regarding living creatures and their behaviour; - Bacterial contamination; - Predators and parasites; - Primary production; - Toxic algae. Anthropic (human) factors, comprising all that is related to the presence of man. - Port facilities and road network; - Fishing activities; - Tourism activities; - Existing aquaculture activities; - Traffic areas. To identify sites favorable for aquaculture, the following information have been taken into consideration: - Extension of the city; - Sensitive areas (SIBE…); - Accessibility (Cliff…); - Supporting infrastructures ashore; - Technical features of aquaculture projects (dimension, corridor, adequate raising techniques, adequate facility for raising, species…
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VI- TECHNICAL DATA ON THE AREA OF THE AQUACULTURE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN THE REGION OF TANGIER-TETOUAN-AL HOCEIMA
1- Hydro-climate characteristics
1.1. Pluviometry and evapotranspiration
Rainfalls are caused basically by the atlantic disturbances (Azores), which constitute the main source of the moist air masses in the Rif. Additionally, they are engendered, to a lesser extent, by the mediterranean disturbances (due to the cold air masses coming from the North), generally, more humid.
This region is also influenced by the Sahara presure provoking hot and dry «chergui » winds, mainly from the South.
Overall, the rainfall average in the Western Coastal Mediterranean basin, where is located the study area, is about 910 mm/year. It is lower in the Eastern Coastal basin with an average of 444 mm/year, beyond Al Hoceima. On average, 40 to 80 rainy days per year are recorded.
In the western part, the monthly average of rainfall distribution over a 13 years period (1992-2004) enabled the identification of a rainy season starting from october to may, and a dry season from june to september. The rainiest month is november with a 64 mm monthly average. The driest month is july with less than 1 mm on average.
Monthly variations in rainfall (R) and actual evapotranspiration (AET) over the 1992-2004 period (Source ABH)
The above figure shows a histogram of the period running from november to march during which rainfalls exceed the actual evapotranspiration (AET) that corresponds to the period of supply and increase of the saturated thickness.
The April to June period corresponds to a period marked by a lower-than-the AET rainfall. The months of July, August and September correspond to a period when rainfall equals the AET characterized by deficit.
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Precipitations occur at altitudes of 1000-1500 m of the high relief of Rif, where 5-10 days of snow are recorded per year. In the mountains exceeding 2000 m located in the center of the Rif chain, the snow lasts from 1 to 3 months depending on the years. Snow melts sustain the low water flows of the Mediterranean coastal wadis between Tetouan and Oued Laou, and help supply the underground aquifers, in particular the Rif limestone range.
The following table highlights the main characteristics of the climate in the representative stations of the study area of the west and the east, notably, Tetouan and Al Hoceima:
Characteristics of the Tétouan Al Hoceima (Mediteranean) climate The hottest month August August The coldest month January January The most humid month December April The driest month July June
1.2. Air temperature
The following figure shows the maximum and minimum air temperatures and rainfall quantities calculated over a thirty-year period in Al Hoceima, compared to those recorded in Tetouan (Source Maroc Météo). According to this figure, the maximum and minimum of the air temperatures show the same seasonal tendencies: the maximum average of air temperature varies between 20°C and 30°C in the summer in Al Hoceima; and the minimum average varies between 10°C and 20°C approximately.
Comparison of the average monthly rainfall between Tétouan-Al Hoceima
1.3. Evaporation
Overall, evaporation varies between 1200 mm and 1900 mm. The evaporation recorded in January is the lowest while the maximum is reached in July and August. These two months represent about 30% of the total annual evaporation.
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The potential evaporation in the area located between Stehat and Al Hoceima is significant, varying between 1200 mm and 1900 mm. The largest values (60-70%) are recorded during the dry period from May to September, with a maximum reached in July and August. These two months represent 30% of the total annual evaporation, while the lowest evaporation rates are recorded in January (Source UNEP-MAP RAC SPA, 2009).
1.4. Wind
As with other environmental parameters such as currents and waves, wind parameters (intensity and direction), in the marine environment, are important parameters for the marine aquaculture sector. In this respect, we have used outputs from the model of the Spanish network "PUERTOS DEL ESTADO" which has information on this type of parameter in this area, in particular at the "PUNTO WANA" central, REF 2048066, with geographical coordinates 35.50 ° North - 3.00 ° W (the below Figure). This same cenral will be used, later, to identify the characteristics of the offshore wave.
STATION
2048066
Location of PUNTO WANA - REF 2048066 (30.5°N-3°W)
The following table shows the monthly statistics of the wind’s maximum average values as recorded in this central over the 1996-2014 period.
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Maximum wind intensities recorded during the 1996-2014 period at Punto Wana 2048066 (Source Puertos Del Estado) Month Wind intensity Direction Year Date Hour max (Degrees)* (m/s) January 25.0 272 2014 19 10 February 21.2 270 2010 19 15 March 20.8 282 2009 05 15 April 19.6 278 2012 13 13 May 18.4 237 2004 03 03 June 15.9 284 2002 08 12 July 15.8 282 1999 05 03 August 16.2 274 2002 10 15 September 14.9 267 2000 29 15 October 18.4 276 2010 31 18 November 20.0 264 2000 17 00 December 20.8 276 2010 23 12
* Direction refers here to the wind coming from 0°= North; 90°= East Hence, over this period, winds show maximum average intensities in autumn and winter seasons ranging from 15 m/s to 25 m/s, followed by spring and summer seasons (between 15 m/s and 20 m/s). M/s approximately), with West predominant directions (The table above).
1.5. Coastal transit
The sedimentary movements that are generally observed on the Mediterranean coast are, overall, more limited than on the Atlantic coast due to the low height of waves. Because of the great variability in the orientation of the coastline, the resulting coastal transit along the coast is varying reaching almost zero at 50 000 m3/year (Source MET / DPDPM) (the Figure below)
Coastal transit in the Moroccan Mediteranean sea (Source METP/DPDPM)
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1.6. Water circulation
The study of the flow-through of water bodies in the Mediterranean Sea began in the 1970s with the work of Lacombe and Chernia, 1972; Gascard and Richez, 1985; Bryden and Stommel, 1982, 1984; Preller, 1985; Parilla et al.1986 among others in the Alboran Sea.
During the last decades, with the support of satellite imagery and numerical models, water circulation in the Mediterranean Sea is better understood (Millot and Taupier-Letage, 2005, Pinardi et al., 2004), with the characterization of its different water bodies.
In the Alboran sea, cold and less salty Atlantic watesr enter on the surface, whereas warm and salty mediterranean waters flow out in depth. During water circulation on the surface, the Atlantic jet generates a high anticyclonic eddy in the Alboran Sea.
Leaving the Gibraltar Strait, the Atlantic water bodies run along the Spanish coast. Some part of waters will carry on its flow in the Mediterranean, and others will be reversed down along the Moroccan coasts; hence, forming and anticyclonic eddy. Thus, water circulation on the surface takes an east to west direction.
Example of surface circulation in the Alboran sear on the 1st of January 2014 (source Puertos)
Specific current measures in all the area subject to study are unavailable. However, in the coastal area and according to measures carried out by INRH in different points of the Mediterranean between Targha and Saidia, it is demonstrated that the speed of the coastal current in these places is low to medium; It ranges between 0.01 and 0.5 m/s. The direction is variable but generally oriented North West to South East or South West to North East. The following figure shows the main characteristics of the current (intensity and direction) at the level of the Targha maritime zone and the table below shows the main characteristics of the current (intensity and direction) over this period of observation in the studied areas (Source INRH 2013).
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Characteristics of the current (intensity and direction) in some of the studied areas (Source INRH)
Place Recording Date Intensity Direction
Targha Zone From 12 to 20 August 2013 0,02 and 0,46 m/s. North-West to South East Cala Iris Zone From 15 tp 19 April 2013 0,05 and 0,10 South West to North m/s. East sidi Hssaien From 03 to 10 may 2011 0,01 and 0,27 m/s North-West Zone
Example of the bar chart of the current as observed in Targha from 12 to 20 august 2013 (Source INRH)
1.7. Marine biodiversity
The Mediterranean represents only 0.7% of the oceans’ surface; however, it constitutes one of the major reservoirs of marine and coastal biodiversity, with 28% of endemic species, 7.5% of the world’s marine fauna and 18% of marine flora. Marine vegetation is composed of micro-algae, macro algae and phanerogams.
1.7.1. Marine vegetation
a. Macro-algae
In Morocco, the macroalgal flora totals 489 species, including 303 Rhodophyceae, 99 Phaeophyceae, and 87 Chlorophyceae. With its 381 species, the Mediterranean coast is slightly richer than the Atlantic coast (323 species).
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b. Sea grasses or phanerogams
Seagrass beds are among the most widespread coastal ecosystems in the world, representing 0.1 to 0.2% of the ocean floor (Duarte 1999), and the most productive biological systems (500 to 1000 gC m-2. These plants constitute a key element to the survival of many species (habitat, nurseries, shelter, feeding site). They are the interface between substrate and water, and enable an efficient recycling of nutrients; therefore, they reflect the health of an entire ecosystem. Their significant contribution to energy flows at the level of oceans explains the important biodiversity and complexity of the food web associated with them (Marine turtles, dugong, sea urchins, fish, etc.); when decomposed, phanerogams are also beneficial to other species (amphipods, larvae Insects ...) Finally, the epiphytic algae that grow on phanerogam leaves represent a source of food for different invertebrates; hence, all of them provide a nutritional supplement to algae grazers. A major ecological function. Marine species include only four species, including Posidonia oceanica, which seems to have disappeared from our coasts.
Cymodocea nodosa
1.7.2. Marine fauna
a.Invertebrates
Marine invertebrates have not been studied extensively in Morocco. However, according to Ménioui (1997), the available partial lists show a great diversity of this group with nearly 900 species, including about 400 species of molluscs, more than 200 species of crustaceans, 85 species of foraminifera, and 80 species of polychaete annelids.
In the Mediterranean region, there exist some endemic forms, such as sponges (Petrosia raphida, Bubaropsis alborani, Gellius bioxeata, Halicometes elongate, Histodermion cryosi, Polymastia ectofibrosa). However, pollution would affect entire populations which are transformed into ones more tolerant toward high levels of suspended matter, particularly in organic matter. Several species of marine invertebrates are overexploited and their populations are increasingly reduced. Molluscs include Mytilus galloprovincialis and Perna perna, Octopus vulgaris, the cockles Cerastoderma edule, Pinna nobilis, shellfish Venus sp. and Ostrea edulis oysters. For the Coelenterata, we have the red coral Corallium rubrum.
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Red coral (Corallium rubrum)
Specific studies, carried out in the National Park of Al Hoceima and in the Nador Lagoon, revealed some remarkable species that are either rare or have exceptional sizes. This concerns the red coral, Anthozoan Dendrophyllia ramea, echinoderms Paracentrotus lividus, Holoturia tubulosa, H. sanctori, and H. poli, molluscs Patella ferruginea and P. nigra, Pinna nobilis, and crustaceans Spider crab Maja squinado and the Great Cigale Scyllarus latus (Dakki, 2004).
The invertebrates in the lagoon and estuarine areas have been well studied in the Smir lagoon, Sebkha Bou Areg and the mouth of Moulouya. According to Zine (2002), Sebkha Bou Areg has no less than 370 species of invertebrates, while the Smir lagoon contains less than 200 species (Chaouti, 2003). The estuarine area of Moulouya is probably the richest in invertebrates compared to other Mediterranean estuaries, hosting more than 200 species.
b.Fish
According to Dakki (2003), fish fauna in coastal marine environments include more than 170 species, most of which constitute an important fishing resource, with a predominance of pelagic fish (sardine and horse mackerel). For this group of species, the geomorphology of the Moroccan Mediterranean coasts offers numerous spawning areas, as in the eastern region where the Nador lagoon and the Moulouya estuary constitute nurseries for several marine species. Ichtyofauna is represented by about twenty species in the area of the Moulouya estuary, and 77 species in the Nador lagoon (Zine, 2002) c.Reptiles
Among the 36 reptile species listed along the watersheds of the Moroccan Mediterranean (Fahd 2001, Bons & Géniez 1996), three are marine. These are the turtle Caouane Caretta caretta, the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea, and the green turtle Chelonia mydas. These species do not seem to nest on the Moroccan Mediterranean coasts, rather they frequent them during their migrations. It should be noted that the first two species are vulnerable, thus, worth to be reported in Appendix I of the Washington Convention and the IUCN Red Book.
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d.Mammals
Five marine species are sporadically observed near the coast, namely, the common dolphin, the blue- white dolphin, the Large dolphin and the Globiocephalus.
Loggerhead Turtle
Blue and white dolphin
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER
2.1. Bathymetry
Coastal bathymetry of the region of Tangier-Tétouan-Al Hoceima is marked by very tight isobaths along the occidental part until Cap Sidi Abid (Al-Hoceima).
These hydrographic properties are the trace of the main morpho-structural units of Rif, namely, the abrupt continental shelf between Targha et Cap Sidi Abid, which represents the continuation of the rugged mountaineous area of Rif with the limestone massif of Beni Boukoya.
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Rocky shore in the west of Al-Hoceima
The area between Cap Targha and Al Hoceima Bay is distinguished by a narrow plateau and very deep sea beds, often rugged with very tight isobaths. The 100m isobath is very irregular, which is no longer than 5 miles from the coast; it is located within 1 nautical mile from Al-Hoceima park, where the cliffs are exposed directly to the sea.
2.2. Substrate texture
Analysis indicate that the identified fractions belong to the classes of coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand and silt-clays.
The substrate of the studied area is generally characterized by a clear dominance of fine fraction: fine sand, medium sand, silt and clay. The coarse fraction is very limited in the whole sampled substrate except in certain areas, namely Sidi Yahya Aarrab, Cala Iris and Inouarene (Al-Hoceima). In these areas, the coarse fraction is clearly dominated by gravel: for example, Cala Iris where the coarse fraction represents up to 60% of the sediment.
Except for the maritime area of the National Park of Al-Hoceima, considered as a rocky zone with a thin sandy-textured sedimentary cover, the majority of the western part of Cala Iris to Cap Targua is characterized by a predominantly fine texture represented by fractions of sands, silts and clays. Sands are mainly fine-sized and the mud (silt and clay) occupies a large part of the textural composition of the sediment of this area.
In this studied bathymetric section, Al-Hoceima bay is identified as the most heavily silted area. The mud occupies a large part of its surface; The fine particles, silts and clays, are dominating with proportions that can reach up to 97% of the textural composition of the substrate. This is linked to a considerable supply of sediments during the rainy period, brought particularly by the waters of Oued Nekour and Oued Ghisse, draining the sediments of their watersheds where the soils are considered the most erodible ones in Morocco.
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Map of the textural features of the area subject to study
2.3. Types of facies and origin The dominant facies in the study area are Sand, Muddy sand, Sandy mud and Vase. The gravels are poorly represented, except in the area of Cala iris, rich in shells. The rocky areas are also identified in the area of the National Park of Al-Hoceima. Sedimentary facies, notably the sandy mud and the muddy sand types, form the majority of the substrate in the Western part of the study area, which extends from Cape Targha to Cala Iris. These facies are rich in gravel in some places, especially at the edge of the Wadis, namely at Cala Iris. The mud is found in particular in Al-Hoceima Bay, and is largely composed of a dark-coloured continental deposits, sometimes of red iron oxide of terrigenous origin. 2.4. Organic matter The analysis results show that the rate of organic matter in the sediments of the study area is 2.05% on average, with a maximum of 4.07% measured in the sediments of Al Hoceima bay. The spatial distribution of this rate depends on the hydrodynamic and sedimentary conditions of the concerned coastal area and the nature of inputs of watersheds feeding this area. Areas that have a particularly low coastal hydrodynamics, such as Al-Hoceima bay fed by considerable suspended matter from Oued Nekour and Oued Ghisse, the organic matter is highly presented in the samples, explained by a rapid burial, through, sedimentation of the undegraded matter in the mud. This is also observed in the bay of Cala Iris where the organic matter content amounts to 3.3%. Contrary to these sheltered areas, more or less confined, open areas, such as the western side of Cala Iris, particularly the area of Jebha-Jnan Niche, show a relatively low rate of 2 %. The stronger hydrodynamic conditions in these areas obstruct the rapid « burial» of organic matter and, thus, does not allow its conservation in the sediments.
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Distribution of the organic matter in the marine sediments in the area subject to study
2.5. Temperature The below table summarizes the statistical values of surface and bottom temperatures (ºC): Statistics of the surface and bottom temperature (ºC) (January 2014) Level Surface Bottom Variable Min. 15.37 15.03 Temperature Max. 16.07 16.04 (°C) Aver. 15.65 15.56 (Standard deviation) (± 0.16) (± 0.14) The surface temperature is homogeneous since the difference between the temperatures of the areas does not exceed 1 °c. Slightly warmer waters are located between Cap Targha and Cala Iris.
The same trend is observed at the bottom. The warmest water is located in the coastal fringe between Cape Targha and Jebha, with a gradient reported offshore due to hydrographic features, especially the very steep slope and the very restricted plateau at this location. On the other hand, temperatures on the east of Jebha are virtually constant due to less abrupt and progressive variations in the depth of the coast toward the sea.
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Spatial distribution of bottom temperature (January 2014)
Spatial distribution of surface temperature (Januart 2014)
2.6. Salinity The below table summarizes the statistical values of salinity (psu) of surface and bottom waters: Statistics of salinity (psu) of surface and bottom waters Level Surface Bottom Variable Min. 36.58 36.61 Salinity Max. 36.74 37.15 (psu) Aver. 36.66 36.70 (Standard deviation) (± 0.03) (± 0.08)
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Salinity of surface water is practically constant at 36.6 psu. There are minimal variations, due solely to local coastal processes or to freshwater intakes near the mouths of the major rivers. The lowest values are limited to the coastal fringe between Cap Targha and Jnane Niche, as well as in Al Hoceima Bay.
At the bottom, variability of this parameter is more observed, and, in this case, the distribution of salinity is directly linked to the change in depth since salinity increases offshore. In this case also, the lowest values are always noted in the coastal fringe between Cap Targha and Jebha. This area is more variable in terms of salinity at the bottom because the slope is greater at the bottom. Therefore, the highest values are limited offshore between Cap Targha and Al Hoceima Bay.
Spatial distribution of bottom salinity
Spatial distribution of salinity of surface water
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2.7. Dissolved oxygen The following table summarizes the statistical values of dissolved oxygen level (mg/l) at the surface and bottom.
Statistics of the dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/l) at the surface and bottom
Level Surface Bottom Variable Min. 7.47 6.71 Dissolved Oxygen Max. 8.37 8.34 (mg/l) Aver. 7.80 7.64 (standard (± 0.20) (± 0.27) deviation)
Regarding the dissolved oxygen levels at the surface, two areas with different behaviors are observed. The first area extends from Cape Targha to the western part of Battoya Bay and the second area lies between the eastern part of Bettoya Bay to Saidia. In the area located between Cap Targua and AlHoceima Bay, oxygen concentrations are relatively lower, except in sheltered areas such as the Cala Iris area and Al Hoceima Bay, where there is a slight increase of concentration. At the bottom, concentrations of dissolved oxygen vary by depth, especially between Cap Targha and Al Hoceima Bay, where the concentration gradually decreases offshore. The minimum values recorded in this area may be an indication of the arrival of deep waters with low values in oxygen.
Spacial distribution of dissolved oxygen at the bottom
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Spatial distribution of dissolved oxygen at the surface
2.8. Nutritive components The following table summarizes the statistical values of phosphates and ammonium (µM) at the surface and bottom.
Statistical values of concentrations of phosphates (µM) and Ammonium (µM) at the surface and bottom
Level Surface Bottom Variable Min. 0.002 0.001 Phosphates Max. 0.320 0.404 (µM) Ave. 0.111 0.104 (ET) (± 0.107) (± 0.100) Min. 7.23 3.89 Ammonium Max. 51.16 47.87 (µM) Ave. 32.46 30.08 (ET) (± 7.91) (± 8.56)
The distribution of nutrients, mainly phosphates and ammonium, in the study area does not show large variations between the surface and the bottom.
Phosphates The distribution of phosphates at the surface shows maximum concentrations in the area comprised between Jebha (4.65 W) and Cala Iris (4.36 W), at the mouth of Oued Taghzout and in the Tazarine region (3.35 W ). At the bottom, the maximum level is localized only in Jebha.
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Spatial distribution of phosphates of bottom waters
Spatial distribution of phosphates of surface waters
Ammonium
The distribution of ammonim shows maximum concentrations in the area comprised between Al-Hoceima Bay and Oued Laou (5 ° W) where the concentration ranges between 35 and 50 μM at the surface.
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. Spatial distribution of ammonium of bottom waters (µM)
Spatial distribution of ammonium in surface waters (µM)
2.9. Chlorophyll «a» The following table summarizes the chlorophyll «a» levels (µg/l) at the surface and bottom.
Chlorophyll «a » levels (µg/l) at the surface and bottom
Level Surface Bottom Variable Min. 0.11 0.11 Chlorophyll Max. 1.25 1.42 « a » (µg/l) Aver. 0.47 ± 0.32 0.52 ± 0.40
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The area between Targha and Al Hoceima is distinguished by low levels of chlorophyll «a» at the surface and bottom, ranging from 0.109 to a maximum of 0.676 μg / l at the surface, in the Jebha region, and from 0.120 to 0.618 μg/l at the bottom.
Spatial distribution of chlorophyll «a» at the bottom
Spatial distribution of chlorophyll «a» at the surface
2.10.Turbidity The table below summarizes the statistical values of turbidity (FTU), respectively at the surface and at the bottom: Statistics of turbidity (FTU) at the surface and bottom Level Surface Bottom Variable Min. 0.11 0.11 Turbidity Max. 1.25 1.42 (FTU) Aver. 0.47 ± 0.32 0.52 ± 0.40 (ET)
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Over this observation period, turbidity has shown the same pattern of distribution at the surface and bottom. In both cases, the spatial distribution is heterogeneous because all along the area, low and high turbidity concentrations are observed without the existence of a transition area between them. Generally, the highest values are reported in the area between Cala Iris and Al Hoceima Bay.
Spatial distribution of turbidity at the bottom (FTU)
Spatial distribution of turbidity at the surface (FTU)
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