Überlegungen Zur Konzeption Eines Neuen Lehrbuchs Für Das Klassische Chinesische –

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Überlegungen Zur Konzeption Eines Neuen Lehrbuchs Für Das Klassische Chinesische – Überlegungen zur Konzeption eines neuen Lehrbuchs für das Klassische Chinesische – Hausarbeit zur Erlangung des Magistergrades an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Studiengang: Magister Artium Sinologie * * * Referent: Prof. Dr. Hans van Ess Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Roderich Ptak * * * ursprünglich vorgelegt am 1. Oktober 2009 von [email protected] Zur Veröffentlichung auf der Webseite der Deutschen Vereinigung für Chinastudien formatiert im April 2014 Tilman Schalmey Dietrichstraße 20b 54290 Trier ii Inhaltsverzeichnis Typographieschlüssel .................................................................................................. vi Abkürzungs- und Symbolverzeichnis ........................................................................... vi I. Einleitung ............................................................................................................... 1 I - 1. Die Zielgruppe des Lehrbuchs ....................................................................... 2 I - 2. Forschungsstand und Literaturlage ................................................................ 3 I - 3. Vorgehensweise ............................................................................................ 5 II. Fachdidaktische Überlegungen .............................................................................. 7 II - 1. Klassisches Chinesisch ................................................................................... 7 II - 2. Didaktischer Umgang mit der chinesischen Schrift ..................................... 11 II - 3. Umschrift und Aussprache .......................................................................... 13 II - 4. Lang- oder Kurzzeichen? ............................................................................ 16 II - 5. Lehrziele und Curriculum ........................................................................... 16 II - 6. Weitere Herausforderungen des Klassischunterrichts ................................... 17 III. Zur Grammatik des Klassischen Chinesischen ..................................................... 18 III - 1. Chinesische Grammatiken .......................................................................... 20 III - 1.1. Frühe chinesische Sprachbetrachtungen .............................................. 20 III - 1.2. Ma Jianzhong 馬建忠 ........................................................................... 21 III - 1.3. Spätere chinesische Grammatiken ....................................................... 23 III - 2. Deutschsprachige Grammatiken ................................................................. 23 III - 2.1. Georg von der Gabelentz .................................................................... 24 III - 2.2. Ulrich Unger ........................................................................................ 26 III - 3. Anglo -amerikanische Grammatiken ............................................................ 27 III - 3.1. George Kennedy .................................................................................. 27 III - 3.2. W.A.C.H. Dobson ................................................................................ 29 III - 3.3. Edwin Pulleyblank ................................................................................ 30 III - 3.4. Archie Barnes ....................................................................................... 31 III - 4. Zusammenfassung ..................................................................................... 31 III - 5. Lerngrammatik: Planung eines verständlichen Konzepts ............................. 32 IV. Allgemeine Methodik des Fremdsprachenunterrichts .......................................... 34 IV - 1. Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der Methodenlehre ........................................ 34 IV - 2. Konventionelle Methoden .......................................................................... 35 IV - 2.1. Die Grammatik-Übersetzungs-Methode ............................................... 36 IV - 2.2. Die direkte Methode ............................................................................ 37 IV - 2.3. Die audiolinguistische und die audiovisuelle Methode ......................... 39 IV - 2.4. Die vermittelnde Methode ................................................................... 40 IV - 2.5. Die kommunikative Didaktik ................................................................ 40 IV - 2.6. Der interkulturelle Ansatz ..................................................................... 41 IV - 3. Alternative Methoden ................................................................................. 43 V. Der altsprachliche Unterricht in Latein und Griechisch ......................................... 45 V - 1. Methodik für den altsprachlichen Unterricht .............................................. 46 V - 2. Entwicklung altsprachlicher Lehrbücher seit dem 2. Weltkrieg .................... 47 V - 3. Für ein Lehrbuch des Klassischen Chinesischen geeignete Aspekte ............. 51 VI. Ein Blick in die Spracherwerbsforschung ............................................................. 52 iii VI - 1. Mehrsprachigkeit ....................................................................................... 52 VI - 1.1. Negativer Transfer oder Interferenz ..................................................... 53 VI - 1.2. Positiver Transfer und mentale Netzwerke ........................................... 55 VI - 2. Zielgruppenspezifische Besonderheiten ...................................................... 56 VI - 3. Wortschatzerwerb ...................................................................................... 58 VI - 4. Unterrichtsprogression ............................................................................... 59 VII. Zeichenfr equenzanalyse des Klassischen Chinesischen ........................................ 61 VII - 1. Progression von Wortschatz und Grammatik .............................................. 61 VII - 2. Zusammenstellung des Korpus für die Frequenzanalyse .............................. 62 VII - 3. Weitere Überlegungen zur Frequenzanalyse ............................................... 63 VII - 4. Überlegungen zum Umfang des Lernwortschatzes ..................................... 64 VII - 5. Ergebnisse der Frequenzanalyse .................................................................. 65 VIII. Lehrbuchli teratur für das Klassische Chinesische ................................................. 67 VIII - 1. Lehrbuchkritik ............................................................................................ 67 VIII - 2. Chinesische Lehrtexte und Lehrbücher aus der Kaiserzeit ............................ 68 VIII - 2.1. Ji Jiu Pian 急就篇 und San Zi Jing 三字經 .............................................. 69 VIII - 2.2. Guwen Guanzhi 古ই觀㍢ .................................................................... 70 VIII - 2.3. Guowen Jiaoke Shu 國ই教科書 ........................................................... 70 VIII - 3. Deutschsprachige Lehrbücher .................................................................... 72 VIII - 3.1. Erich Haenisch ..................................................................................... 72 VIII - 3.2. Ulrich Unger ........................................................................................ 75 VIII - 3.3. Roland Winkler .................................................................................... 77 VIII - 3.4. Robert Gassmann ................................................................................ 78 VIII - 4. Anglo -amerikanische Lehrbücher ................................................................ 79 VIII - 4.1. Herrlee Glessner Creel .......................................................................... 79 VIII - 4.2. Raymond Dawson ............................................................................... 80 VIII - 4.3. Harold Shadick .................................................................................... 81 VIII - 4.4. Michael Fuller ...................................................................................... 83 VIII - 4.5. Yuan Naiying, Tang Haitao und James Geiss ........................................ 84 VIII - 4.6. Paul Rouzer ......................................................................................... 85 VIII - 5. Moderne chinesischsprachige Lehrbücher .................................................. 86 VIII - 5.1. Wang Li 王䪛 ....................................................................................... 86 VIII - 5.2. Chinesische Lehrbücher für Ausländer ................................................. 87 VIII - 6. Weitere Lehrbücher .................................................................................... 90 VIII - 6.1. Angelo Zottoli ..................................................................................... 90 VIII - 6.2. Maurizio Scarpari ................................................................................. 91 VIII - 7. Überblick .................................................................................................... 92 IX. Ergebnisse .......................................................................................................... 95 IX - 1. Allgemeine Forderungen an ein neues Lehrbuch ........................................ 95 IX - 2. Inhaltliche Forderungen an ein neues Lehrbuch .......................................... 96 IX - 3. Präsentation und Gestaltung des Wortschatzes ........................................... 97 IX -
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