Supplemental Assets – Lesson 6

The following resources are from the archives at and can be used to supplement Lesson 6, Jewish Resistance, in Echoes and Reflections.

In this lesson, you learn about the many forms of Jewish resistance efforts during the . You also consider the risks of resisting Nazi domination.

For more information on Jewish resistance efforts during click on the following links:

• Resistance efforts in the Vilna • Resistance efforts in the • Armed resistance in the Sobibor camp • Resistance efforts in Auschwitz-Birkenau • Organized resistance efforts in the Krakow ghetto: Cracow (encyclopedia) • • • Zvia Lubetkin • Rosa Robota • Hannah Szenes

In this lesson, you meet Helen Fagin. Learn more about Helen's family members who perished during the Holocaust by clicking on the pages of testimony identified with a .

For more information about Jan Karski, click here.

In this lesson, you meet Vladka Meed. Learn more about Vladka's family members who perished during the Holocaust by clicking on the pages of testimony identified by a .

Key Words

• The "" • Jewish Fighting Organization, (Z.O.B.) • Oneg Shabbat • Partisans • Resistance, Jewish • Sonderkommando

Encyclopedia

• , Warsaw (ZZW) • Kiddush Ha-Hayim • Kiddush Ha-Shem • Korczak, Janusz • Kovner, Abba • Holocaust Diaries • Pechersky, Alexandr • Ringelblum, Emanuel • Sonderkommando • United Organization, Vilna • Uprising • Youth Movements • Zuckerman, Yitzhak (Antek)

Photographs

• • Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School Children Wearing Jewish Badges • Kovno, , January 1944; Chaim Yellin, Writer and One of the Heads of the Jewish Communist Underground in the Ghetto • Kovno, Lithuania, Members of the Jewish Underground in the Ghetto • Kovno, Lithuania, Two Men, Members of the Underground, in the Ghetto • Kovno, Lithuania, The Slogan “Iden Nekama” (-Revenge!), Written in Blood on a Wall • Pechersky Alexander, Head of the Rebellion in Sobibor • Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakia, A Production of the Opera "Brundibar" • Rudolf Masarek, One of the Main Leaders of the Revolt in the Treblinka Camp in 1943 • , , One of the Leaders of the • Janusz Korczak with Some Orphans from His Institution • (Antek), One of the Organizers of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising • Mordecai Anielewicz, Commander of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising • Arrest of Jews after Their Forceful Removal from a Bunker, Warsaw, Poland, 1943 • Warsaw Ghetto, Poland, Jews Jumping from Windows in Order to Avoid Surrendering to the Germans during the Repression of the Uprising • Digging the "Oneg Shabat" Archive, Postwar, Warsaw, Poland • Portrait of Emanuel Ringelblum • Warsaw, Poland, November, 1941, The Front Page of the 4th Issue of El-Al, a Jewish Newspaper • Warsaw, Poland, Boxes and Jugs in Which the Ringelblum Archives Were Concealed • Warsaw Ghetto, Poland, A Man in a Prayer Shawl at a Circumcision Ceremony • Warsaw, Poland, People around a Seder Table in the Ghetto, Reading from the Passover Haggadah • Warsaw Ghetto, Poland, People Sitting at the Sabbath Table. Shabbat Candles are on the Table • Westerbork, The Netherlands, A School in the Camp • Westerbork, The Netherlands, Lighting Hannukah Candles

Documents

• The Importance of Cultural Activity in the • Jewish Self-Help in Warsaw, July 1940 • Prayer Recited in One of the Lodz Ghetto Synagogues • The Discussion on Fighting Aims by the Activists of the Bialystok Ghetto, February 27, 1943 • Last Letter from Mordecai Anielewicz, April 1943 • Report on the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt by the Polish Press • Calls For an Armed Struggle Made by the Jewish Resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto • A Polish Newspaper Report on the Revolt at Treblinka and the Escape of 2800 Jews • The Revolt at the Sobibor • Appeal of the Jewish Fighting Organization to the Polish Underground, Asking for Arms • Evidence of Jewish Escapees From the Ninth Fort in Kovno on the Burning of the Bodies • SS General Juergen Stroop on the Battles in the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt, Final Report from the German, Battle Diary, April-May 1943 • Extract From Josef Goebbels Diary on the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt • Proclamation by the F.P.O. Calling for a Revolt in Vilna, September 1, 1943 • Address by , Head of the Vilna Ghetto, at the Meeting of Brigadiers, Supervisors and Policemen, on the Danger of Bringing Arms into the Ghetto, May 15, 1943

Artifacts

• “Contact” Ring Used as a Sign Between the ZZW Jewish Militia Organization in the Warsaw Ghetto, and the Polish Underground Organization Who Assisted Them from Outside the Walls of the Ghetto • The Ringelblum Box • A Jewish Underground Flag in Belgium • Raphael Alsberg's Typewriter That Was Used to Forge Certificates to Save Members of the Jewish Underground in Holland • Violin Used to Smuggle Explosives. The Violin Belonged to a Jewish Child Mothila Shlein who Played It in the Forests of Vohlin Amongst the Partisans • A Pamphlet of HACHALUTZ HALOCHEM (Jewish ) • The Warsaw Ghetto Underground Newspaper Camouflaged in a Polish Book- Cover • A Morse Machine Used by the in Zorin's Unit in Minsk

Online Exhibitions

• The Albums of the Self-Help Organizations • Youth Groups in the Lodz Ghetto • The Stroop Collection • Resistance and Rescue